Stages of Change & Reactance in Group Work

Stages of Change & Reactance in Group Work

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  Stages of Change& Reactance in Group Work Jane F. Gilgun, Ph.D., LICSW Professor, School of Social Work University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
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  Topics • Relevanceof Common Factors Model • Stages of Change • Reactance & Change • Reactance & Relationships • Reactance & Self-Regulation • Reactance & Executive Function • Maintenance & Change
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  Stages of ChangeModel • CFM reports that service user motivation/readiness to change is part of good outcomes. • SCM says that many people go through stages of change • This model developed on groups for people who quit smoking • Model may work for other addictions • Test model for fit with other issues
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  Stages of Change • Stage 1: Precontemplation (Not Ready) • Stage 2: Contemplation (Getting Ready) • Stage 3: Preparation (Ready) . • Stage 4: Action • Stage 5: Maintenance • (Stage 6: Relapse) • Cycle repeats itself
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  Stages of Change
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  Common Factors Model • CFM says that relationships between service users and providers are foundational for change. • As social workers, we must think about extratherapeutic factors • Think in terms of how environments influence behaviors • Think in terms of how connected service users are to their environments and the people in them • Think in terms of how to connect clients to people who are prosocial/have good executive function (judgment)
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  Common Factors Model • Extratherapeutic Factors (40%) [events external to service provision] • Relationships (30%) • Optimism, Motivation, Capacities (15%) • Skills, techniques (15%)
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  Motivation & Expectancies 15% Relationships Extratherapeutic Effects 40% Technique 15%
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  Definition of Reactance • Normal response to a threat of loss of valued free behaviors. A motivational state that is directed toward restoring threatened or eliminated free behaviors. (Brehm & Brehm, 1981)
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  Reactance & Change • Reactance as a Major Block to Change • Importance of relationships to Readiness to Change • Feeling understood a bottom line • Feeling connected and safe with at least one other • Maintenance • Requires attention to “extratherapeutic events” • Anticipation & safety plans
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  Reactance, Self-Regulation, & Change • Many ways to handle reactance • A matter of self-regulation • Meditation, yoga, going for walks, talking to trusted others, anything that is calming • Being with positive people • Remember negative consequences of slips/regressions/reversion to old ways
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  Reactance & Executive Function • Think of consequences • Explore thoughts of how to get what you want & not get hurt or hurt others (rationalization: no one will know) • An executive function issue • What do you want? • How do you get it? • Autonomy foundational to change and its maintenance
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  References • Chovanec,M. (2008). Innovations applied to the classroom for involuntary groups: Implications for social work education. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 28(1/2), 209-225. • DiClemente, CC; Prochaska, JO; Fairhurst, SK; Velicer, WF; Velasquez, MM; Rossi, JS.The process of smoking cessation: an analysis of precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages of change. J Consult Clin Psychol 1991 Apr;59(2):295–304. • Gumpert, J. & Black, P. (2006). Ethical issues in group work: What are they? How are they managed? Social Work with Groups, 29(4), 61-74. • Magen, R. (2009). Group work major models. In A. Gitterman & Salmon, R. (Ed.) Encyclopedia • of Social Work with Groups (45-58). New York: Routledge. • Stages of Change Diagram from Loyola/Notre Dame Model webpage. http://guides.lndlibrary.org/content.php?pid=410759&sid=3390249