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Similar to class 9 socialism in europe and russian revolution
class 9 socialism in europe and russian revolution
- 1. SOCIALISM IN EUROPE ANDTHE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION L - 3
- 2.
- 3. In the winterof 1917, conditions of the capital, Petrograd, were grim. The layout of the city seemed to emphasise the divisions among its people. Right bank of the River Neva- The workersā quarters & factories were located on the. On the left bank- fashionable areas, the Winter Palace, and ofļ¬cial buildings, including the palace where the Duma met.
- 4. Condition of Petrograd InFebruary 1917, food shortages were deeply felt in the workersā quarter. The winter was very cold which resulted in crop failure. Tsarās desire to dissolve the Duma were opposed by the Parliamentarians.
- 5. February Revolution- Timeline Workersin 50 factories called a strike. Demonstrating workers crossed from the factory quarters to the centre of the capital ā the Nevskii Prospekt. No political party was actively organising the movement. Government imposed a curfew & demonstration dispersed. 23 February 22 February Lockout took place at a factory on the right bank.
- 6. In many factories, womenled the way to strikes. This came to be called the International Womenās Day.
- 7. February Revolution- Timeline Thegovernment suspended the Duma. Politicians spoke out against the measure. 25 February 24 February Demonstrators came back. The government called out the cavalry and police to keep an eye on them. Demonstrators returned in force to the streets of the left Bank. 26 February
- 8. 27 February The streetsof Petrograd were ļ¬lled with people raising raising slogans about bread, wages, better hours and democracy. Police Headquarters were ransacked. The government tried to control the situation and called out the Cavalry once again. But this time, the Cavalry refused to ļ¬re on the demonstrators. An ofļ¬cer & three regiments were shot for joining the striking workers.
- 9. By that evening,Soldiers and striking workers had gathered to form a āsoviet' or ācouncil' in the same building as the Duma met. This was the Petrograd Soviet.
- 10. Next day, adelegation went to see the Tsar, Military commanders advised him to abdicate. Tsar abdicated on 2nd march following advice of the Military Commanders. Soviet leaders & Duma leaders formed a Provisional Government to run the country. Russiaās future would be decided by a constituent assembly, elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage. Petrograd brought down the monarchy in February 1917. Formation of Petrograd Soviet
- 11.
- 12. 2. Liberals &socialists worked towards an elected government. 3. Restrictions on public meetings & associations were removed. 1. Under the Provisional Government, army ofļ¬cials, landowners & industrialists were inļ¬uential. 4. āSovietsā, like the Petrograd Soviet, were set up everywhere, though no common system of election was followed.
- 13. Return Of VladimirLenin Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik leader returned to Russia from his exile in April 1917. He and Bolsheviks had opposed the war since 1914. He felt it was time for soviets to take over the power.
- 14. April Thesis (3demands) Declare that the war be brought to a close. 1 Land be transferred to the peasants 2 Bankās be nationalised 3
- 15. Many in BolshevikParty were initially surprised by the April Theses. Lenin also argued that Bolshevik party should rename itself the Communist Party to indicate its new radical aims. But the later developments of the subsequent months changed their attitude. They thought it was not the right time for a socialist revolution and the Provisional Government needed to be supported 1 2 3 4
- 16. It spread throughthe summer & Trade Unions grew in number. Formation of factory committees- which began questioning the way industrialists ran their factories. Trade unions grew in numbers. Soldiersā committees were formed in the army WORKERS MOVEMENT In June- 500 Soviets representatives sent to an All Russian Congress of Soviets.
- 17. Church controlled economic &social power ā When Provisional Government saw its power reduce & Bolshevik inļ¬uence grow, it decided to take stern measures against the spreading discontent. ā It resisted attempts by workers to run factories and began arresting leaders ā Popular demonstrations staged by the Bolsheviks in July 1917 were sternly repressed. ā Many Bolshevik leaders had to go into hiding or ļ¬ee. WORKERS MOVEMENT
- 18. The movements inCountryside 1. Countryside- Peasants & Socialist Revolutionary leaders demanded for redistribution of land. 3. Encouraged by the Socialist Revolutionaries, Peasants seized land between July and September 1917. 2. Land committees were formed to handle this.
- 19.
- 20. As the conļ¬ictbetween the Provisional Govt. and the Bolsheviks grew, Lenin feared the Provisional Govt would set up a dictatorship. In September, he began discussions for an uprising against the government. Bolshevik supporters in the army, soviets and factories were brought together.
- 21. 16 October 1917 Leninpersuaded the Petrograd Soviet and the Bolshevik Party to agree to a socialist seizure of power. A Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC) was appointed by the Soviet under Leon Trotskii. The date of the event was kept a secret.
- 22. 24 October: TheUprising Began Sensing trouble, Prime Minister Kerenskii left the city to summon troops. 1. At dawn, military men loyal to the govt. seized the buildings of two Bolshevik newspapers. 2. Pro-govt. troops were sent to take over telephone ofļ¬ces and protect the Winter Palace.
- 23. Response by MRC TheMRC ordered its supporters to seize government ofļ¬ces & arrest ministers. The Ship Aurora shelled the Winter Palace. By the nightfall, the city was under MRCās control & the ministers had surrendered.
- 24. Outcomes of OctoberRevolution At a meeting of the All Russian Congress of Soviets in Petrograd, the majority approved the Bolshevik action. There was heavy ļ¬ghting- especially in Moscow - but by December, the Bolsheviks controlled the Moscow-Petrograd area.