Classes_and_Objects_in_Pythonoopsconcept.pptx

Classes and Objects in Python
(OOP)
Detailed Conceptual Overview with
Examples and Diagrams

Introduction to OOP
• OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) is a
paradigm based on the concept of objects.
• Python supports OOP fully with features like
classes, objects, inheritance, etc.

What is a Class?
• A class is a blueprint for creating objects.
• It defines attributes and methods for the
object.

Syntax of Class
• Example:
• class Person:
• def __init__(self, name):
• self.name = name
• def greet(self):
• print(f"Hello, I am {self.name}")

What is an Object?
• An object is an instance of a class.
• It has state (attributes) and behavior
(methods).
• Example:
• p = Person("Alice")

__init__ Method
• The __init__ method is the constructor in
Python.
• It is automatically called when an object is
created.

Attributes and Methods
• Attributes = variables inside a class.
• Methods = functions defined inside a class.

Accessing Attributes
• You can access attributes using dot notation:
• print(p.name)

Calling Methods
• Call methods with object:
• p.greet()

Self Keyword
• 'self' represents the instance of the class.
• Used to access attributes and methods.

Instance vs Class Variables
• Instance variables are unique to each object.
• Class variables are shared among all objects.

Example: Class Variable
• class Student:
• school = "ABC School"
• def __init__(self, name):
• self.name = name

Modifying Attributes
• You can change attribute values like:
• p.name = "Bob"

Deleting Attributes
• Use del keyword:
• del p.name

Private Attributes
• Prefix with double underscore (__):
• self.__age = 25
• Cannot be accessed directly outside the class.

Using Getters and Setters
• Use methods to access private attributes:
• get_age(), set_age()

Object Identity
• Each object has a unique ID (memory
address).
• Use id(obj) to check.

Multiple Objects
• You can create multiple objects from the same
class:
• p1 = Person("Alice")
• p2 = Person("Bob")

Object-Oriented Design
• Group related data and behavior together
using classes.

Advantages of Using Classes
• • Code Reusability
• • Modularity
• • Encapsulation
• • Scalability

Real-Life Analogy
• Class = Blueprint of a House
• Object = Actual built house based on the
blueprint

Classes_and_Objects_in_Pythonoopsconcept.pptx

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