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Similar to Classification of Living Things
Classification of Living Things
- 1.
- 2. • As livingthings are constantly being investigated, new attributes are revealed that affect how organisms are placed in a standard classification system. 2
- 3. What is taxonomy? •Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms • Biologists who study this are called taxonomists
- 4. How did itstart? • People wanted to organize their world so they began grouping, or classifying everything they saw.
- 5. Examples: •Things that breakdown dead materials •Things that reproduce sexually •Things that are single-celled •Things that have cell walls •Things that eat other organisms •Things that have a nucleus •Things that are multicellular TPS: What categories of living things do you remember?
- 6. Why classify? • Tohelp us see relationships, similarities and differences • To help us organize all the organisms we discover . . .
- 7. • To giveevery species a name based on a standard method so scientists from different countries can talk about the same animal without confusion
- 8. Who is CarolusLinnaeus? • Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist • Developed a 7-level (taxa) classification system based on similarities between organisms
- 9.
- 10. Domains • Domains arethe broadest taxonomic classification of living organisms • The three Domains: Archaea Bacteria Eukarya 10
- 11. Domains are Dividedinto Kingdoms • Archaea----- Archaebacteria • Bacteria ------ Eubacteria • Eukarya ------- Protist Fungi Plantae Animalia 11
- 12. How does itwork? • There are 6 broad kingdoms • Every living thing that we know of fits into one of the six kingdoms • Each level gets more specific as fewer organisms fit into any one group
- 13.
- 14. • The groupingof organisms into KINGDOMS is based on 3 factors: – 1. Cell Type (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) – 2. Cell Number (unicellular or multicellular) – 3. Feeding Type (autotroph or heterotroph) 14
- 15. 1. Cell Type-The presence or absence of cellular structures such as the nucleus, mitochondria, or a cell wall Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes 15
- 16. Prokaryotes – Bacteria! •DO NOT HAVE: – A nucleus •Kingdom - Eubacteria •Prokaryotic – •Bacteria is unicellular •Structured organelles – has a cell wall 16
- 17.
- 18. Eukaryotes • DO HAVE: •nucleus organized with a membrane • other organelles 18
- 19.
- 20. 2nd criteria forKingdom Divisions: Cell Number •Unicellular- single celled organism – protozoans, bacteria, some algae •Multicellular- many celled organism – cells start to specialize/differentiate 20
- 21.
- 22. 3rd Criteria forKingdom Divisions Feeding Type - How the organisms get their food –Autotroph or Producer Make their own food –Heterotroph or Consumer Must eat other organisms to survive Includes decomposers – those that eat dead matter! 22
- 23.
- 24. • • • • • Domain - Archaea Kingdom-Archaebacteria Prokaryote Unicellular Autotrophs Has a cell wall and produces asexually • Ancient bacteria– Live in very harsh environments – extremophiles 24
- 25. Domain - Bacteria • • • • Kingdom– Eubacteria Prokaryotic Made up of one cell Bacteria can be an autotroph or an heterotroph • Bacteria has a cell wall and produces asexually • It is the eubacteria that most people are talking about when they say bacteria, because they live in more neutral conditions. 25
- 26.
- 27. Protists • Protists includemany widely ranging microbes, including slime molds, protozoa and primitive algae. • There are animal-like, fungus-like, and plant-like protists • Some are beneficial • Some protists can cause diseases in humans 27
- 28. Domain- Eukarya • • • • Protista Kingdom Protistshave a nucleus Most are unicellular Some protists have a cell wall and some do not have a cell wall • Protists produce sexually 28
- 29. Protists Nutrition • Protistscan be autotrophs or heterotrophs 29
- 30. Fungi Kingdom • TheKingdom Fungi includes some of the most important organisms. • By breaking down dead organic material, they continue the cycle of nutrients through ecosystems. 30
- 31. • All fungiare eukaryotic • They may be unicellular or multicellular Fungi Unicellular (yeast) Multicellular • All fungi have a cell wall • Produces sexually 31
- 32. Fungi Ringworm • Fungi canbe very helpful and delicious • Many antibacterial drugs are derived from fungi • Fungi also causes a number of plant Penicillin 32
- 33. Fungi Nutrition • Allfungi are heterotrophs - Saprophytes-get their nutrients from dead organic matter - Parasites – absorb from a host, eventually killing the host 33
- 34. Plantae Kingdom • Allplants are multicellular • The are all eukaryotes with cell walls • they are autotrophs • Plants reproduce sexually and asexually 34
- 35. Animalia Kingdom All animalsare: -Multicellular: they have a nucleus and are lacking a cell wall -Heterotrophs -Reproduce sexually -Capable of movement at some point in their lives. 35
- 36. At this point,your Characteristics of Kingdoms Comparison Matrix is complete CHECK YOUR WORK MAKE CORRECTIONS/ADDITIONS AS NEEDED 36
Editor's Notes
- #2 Teacher notes: this should be a review from 6th grade. The purpose of this PowerPoint is to review Domains and Kingdoms and to tie together concepts from this unit. Students will complete a Characteristics of Kingdoms Comparison Matrix as they work through the ppt.
- #6 This is to access background knowledge from elementary school. Students should remember plants, animals, bacteria etc.
- #10 You are introducing students to the whole taxonomic system, but (6.12D) focuses on only the Domain and Kingdom. Biology will cover the remainder of the classification system categories ( Phylum-Species), our job is to build a strong foundational knowledge of what determines the Domain and Kingdom an organism will be placed in.
- #14 Students will need to begin using their Characteristics of Kingdom Comparison Matrix (template is in curriculum central) Placement into kingdoms is based on: Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Unicellular or multicellular Autotrophic or heterotopic Mode of reproduction