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Climat Change ILRI
This document discusses adaptation to climate change through managing climate risk in Ethiopia. It outlines Ethiopia's national framework for disaster risk reduction, which includes six components: prevention, preparedness, mitigation, response, recovery/rehabilitation, and institutional strengthening. The framework aims to mainstream disaster risk reduction into development plans and programs. Examples of possible adaptation measures in Ethiopia include changing agricultural practices, switching to more drought-tolerant crops, adopting irrigation and changing crop locations. Gender mainstreaming is also important in the adaptation process to ensure strategies do not increase inequality.
Climat Change ILRI
- 1. Adaptation through Managing ClimateRisk By Almaz Demessie Senior Agro meteorologist Early Warning and Response Directorate, Disaster Risk Management and Food Security Sector Climate Forum, Ethiopia March 8, 2011
- 2. Introduction Climate affectsmultiple sectors including agriculture, food security, water resources, health and land use. Climatic variability triggers crop failures, food insecurity, malaria epidemics, and shortages in hydro-power and irrigation. These types of impacts affect the ability of developing countries to achieve Millennium Development Goals related to poverty, hunger and human health.
- 3. Introduction…Contd Managing therisk associated with climate variability is integral to a comprehensive strategy for adapting agriculture and food systems to a changing climate. • The extent and nature of negative impacts imposed by climate change can be managed by effective adaptation.
- 4. Introduction…Contd• In thecontext of climate change, adaptation refers to adjustments in human and natural systems to respond to actual or expected climate impacts(IPCC). • Climate change adaptation is a process of socio- institutional co-learning that recognizes often-competing goals and processes and uses information at various levels and in many ways to reduce vulnerability to climate risks.
- 5. Five objectives linkedto the globally agreed Hyogo framework for action (HFA) Strengthen national disaster risk management strategies and institutions Ensure risk and vulnerability assessments, early warning and contingency planning and financing- in both rural and urban areas Increase and sustain awareness creation, education and capacity building Reduce underlying risk and vulnerability (and integrate DRR into sector planning and practices for example in water, health, environment) Improve emergency preparedness and response through capacity strengthening National Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction DRM Framework in Ethiopia
- 6. Specific objectives: Identifyand test innovations in partnership with rural communities that enable them to better manage climate-related risk and build more resilient livelihoods; Identify and test tools and strategies to use advance information to better manage climate risk through food delivery, trade and crisis response; Support risk management through enhanced prediction of climate impacts on agriculture, and enhanced climate information and services.
- 7. DRM Programme Framework Dividedalong six components in three phases and one enabling environment: a) Pre-Disaster Phase 1. Prevention 2. Preparedness 3. Mitigation b) Disaster Phase 4. Response c) Post-Disaster Phase 5. Recovery and Rehabilitation d) Enabling Environment 6. Institutional Strengthening
- 8. DRM Mainstreaming Roadmapfor mainstreaming DRR in different sector plans and programs at federal, city, and regional levels Integration of DRR in development plans and land use and physical plans at regional, city, and woreda levels Integration of DRR in zoning laws and building regulations and codes
- 9. Community Disaster Risk Management Community disaster risk mngt. networking Community response and recovery planning Community mitigation programming Community education programs Community-based early warning system
- 10. CCA/DRM Integration Increasedadoption of mitigation measures as CC adaptation initiatives Integration of DRM and CCA coordination mechanisms Climate change financing facilities Sustainable land management Environmental management
- 11. Risk Transfer Developmentand marketing of risk transfer microfinance instruments Disaster risk and weather-based insurance Piloting of local government incentives for adoption of mitigation measures
- 12. How do weimplement adaptation? Adapting to climate change will depend on adjustments and changes at every level - from community-based to national and international. However, the capacity to adapt will vary significantly from country to country, community to community and in particular to the level of development.
- 13. The impact ofadaptation process • Adaptation process has the potential impact to reduce adverse effects of climate change and enhance beneficial developmental activities which can be the driving force for sustainable development. • The capacity of human nature to adapt to and cope with climate change depends on such factors as wealth, technology, education, information skill, infrastructure, access to resources, and management capabilities.
- 14. Importance of Gendermainstreaming in the process of adaptation There are gender differences in climate change impacts and in adaptive capacities. As a great portion of women in developing countries are involved in agricultural activities any adaptation measure taken towards that activity is directly linked women’s day to day life. Such differences, in vulnerability and also in adaptive opportunities, should be recognized in the adaptation process to avoid further increases in gender inequality and to ensure the successfulness of adaptation policies and measures.
- 15. Important points toimplement adaptation measures Adaptation measures should be supported by investigation and research findings in order to design appropriate strategies. In general, the preferred adaptation strategies are actions with multiple economic and environmental benefits, including for current and future conditions and needs to be based on sound scientific assessment.
- 16. Some Examples inEthiopian Context Example1 Change in LGP in Bahir Dar (Ethiopia) Agricultural Rainfall Index (ARI) during two different periods (From 1962 – 1992 and 1975 - 2005) (Almaz Demessie 2006)
- 17. Some Examples inEthiopian …CONTD Example 2 Change in mean maximum temperature in Bahir Dar (Ethiopia) Trend analysis of mean maximum temperature for Bahir Dar from 1961 – 2000 during the cropping season (May – November) (Almaz Demessie 2004)
- 18. Some Examples inEthiopian …CONTD Example 3 Change in LGP in Negele (pastoral area of Ethiopia) Length of Growing Period during two different time frames [(1954 – 1983 and 1976 - 2006) (Almaz Demessie 2007)
- 19. Possible Adaptation Measures Applying improved knowledge to develop better techniques and to resist the effect of climate change in a given locality. In line with this attention should be given for the following possible adaptation processes in agriculture.
- 20. Possible Adaptation Measures…CONTD •Cultural practices that can precondition for the plant need to be further explored and implemented to mitigate the effect of stress factors. • Change in land use by using deferent techniques such as changing farm area, change to crops with higher thermal requirements and drought-tolerant crop, a switch to crops with lower moisture requirements and changes in crop location.
- 21. Possible Adaptation Measures…CONTD •Change in management in terms of the use of irrigation, fertilizer, in the control of pests, in soil drainage, in farm infrastructure. • Create awareness among people about the causes of climate changes so that farmers could change their wrong management practices such as deforestation, over grazing, etc. which are the main causes for desertification and climate change at large.
- 22. Conclusions In orderto design and implement sound adaptation mechanism, appropriate scientific assessment and research findings have paramount importance, since any adaptation strategies are actions with multiple economic and environmental benefits, including for current and future conditions.
- 23. Conclusions …CONTD Therange of practices that can be used to adapt to climate change is diverse, and includes changes in behavior, structural changes, policy based responses, technological responses or managerial responses.
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