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Cluster computing
- 1. CLUSTER COMPUTING Presented by : Shreeraj Khatiwada Msc. Computer Science NCIT College, Lalitpur
- 2. OUTLINES: Introduction Objective/Design requirements Cluster Configuration Cluster Methods Clusters Computer Architecture Implementation: Blade servers Clusters compared to SMP
- 3. INTRODUCTION: Super, Mainframe computers are not cost effective. Cluster is a widely used term meaning multiple independent computers combined to work in coordinated fashion to process applications into a unified system through software and networking. Clusters are typically used for High Availability (HA) for greater reliability or High Performance Computing(HPC) to provide greater computational power than a single computer can provide. Whole computers working together as a unified computing resources can create illusion of being one machine. The term whole computer means a system that can run on its own, apart from the cluster; each computer in a cluster is typically referred to as a node. Composed of many commodity computers , linked together by a high- speed dedicated network.
- 4. OBJECTIVE/DESIGN REQUIREMENTS: Absolute Scalability Incremental Scalability High Availability Superior Price/ Performance
- 5. CLUSTER CONFIGURATION: High Availability Clusters: These clusters are designed to provide uninterrupted availability of data or service (typically web services) to the end user community. If a node fails, the service can be restored without affecting the availability of the services provided by the cluster, while the application will still be available, there will be a performance drop due to missing node. High availability clusters implementations are best for mission-critical applications or databases, mail, file and print, web or application servers. Load Balancing Clusters: This type of cluster distributes the incoming requests for resources or content among multiple nodes running the same program or having the same content. Every node in the cluster is able to handle requests for the same content or application. Middleware mechanisms need to recognize that services can appear on different members of cluster and may migrate from one member to another. Almost all load balancing clusters are HA clusters. This type of distribution is typically seen in a web hosting environment.
- 6. Parallel/Distributed Processing Clusters : Parallel processing was performed by multiple processors in a specially designed parallel computer. These are systems in which multiple processors share a single memory and bus interface within a single computer. These types of cluster increase availability, performance and scalability for applications.
- 7. CLUSTERING METHODS: Some clustering methods are: Passive Standby: Older method. A secondary server takes over in case of primary server failure. Easy to implement. High cost because the secondary server is unavailable for the other processing tasks. Heartbeat message.
- 8. Separate Servers: Separate servers have their own disks. Data is continuously copied from primary to secondary server. High performance as well as high availability Scheduling software needed for load balancing High availability, Communication overhead
- 9. Shared nothing and shared Memory: Reduce the communication overhead. Servers connected to common disk. Shared Nothing: common disks are partitioned into volumes, and each volume owned by a single computer. Shared Disk: Multiple computers share the same disks at the same time, so that each computer has access to all the volumes on all of the disks.
- 11. Individual computers are connected by some high-speed LAN or switch hardware. Each computer is capable of operating independently. Middleware layer of software is installed in each computer to enable cluster operation. The middleware provides a unified system image to the user, known as a single-system image. The middleware is responsible for providing high availability, by means of load balancing and responding to failures in individual components. Following are the desirable cluster middleware services and functions: Single entry point Single file hierarchy Single control point Single virtual networking (any node can access any other point ) Single memory space Single job-management system Single user interface Single I/O space Single process space Checkpointing (saves the process state, recovery after failure) Process migration (load balancing)
- 12. The last four items in the preceding list enhance the availability of the cluster. Others are concerned with providing a single system image. Implementation: Blade Servers Is a server architecture that houses multiple server modules (‘blades’) in a single chassis. Used in data centres. Increase server density, lowers powers and cooling costs, ease server expansion and
- 13. Ethernet configuration for Massive Blade Server Site
- 14. CLUSTERS COMPARED TO SMP: Both clusters and symmetric multiprocessors provide a configuration with multiple processors to support high-demand applications. Both solutions are commercially available. SMP: the processing of programs by multiple processors that share a common OS and memory. Whereas , in clusters individual systems are tied together. The aim of SMP is time saving and of cluster computing is high availability.
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