Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

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  COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY PREPARED BY Mrs. DivyaPancholi M.Sc. (Psychiatric Nursing) Assistant Professor SSRCN, Vapi
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  INTRODUCTION Cognitive therapy isa psychotherapeutic approach based on the idea that behaviour is secondary to thinking. It focuses on how patients think about themselves and their world, make changes in current ways of thinking and behaviour. Developed by Aaron Beck in 1963.
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  A relatively short-termform of psychotherapy based on the concept that the way we think about things affects how we feel emotionally. Cognitive therapy focuses on present thinking, behavior, and communication rather than on past experiences and is oriented toward problem solving. Brings about improvement in psychiatric DEFINITION
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  This therapy teachesthe patient to become aware of the views he takes of events, life changes and stresses. He is encouraged to examine himself and his environment and to test in reality is views and to correct them. The patient learns to evaluate particular meanings attributed to events by AIMS
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  INDICATION Anxiety Personality disorders Suicidal thoughtsor attempts Sexual disorders
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  TECHNIQUES OF COGNITIVETHERAPY There are four main groups of cognitive techniques. Techniques for stopping intrusive cognitions Techniques to counterbalance faulty cognitions Techniques for altering cognitions Techniques to resolve problems directly
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  TECHNIQUES FOR STOPPING INTRUSIVECOGNITIONS: These methods aim at stopping intruding thoughts through distraction. Attention is directed to another mental act like doing mental arithmetic or copying a figure. This method of “THOUGHT STOPPING”, as done is obsessional ruminations is also tried.
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  TECHNIQUES TO COUNTERBALANCE FAULTYCOGNITIONS: This involves counterbalancing intruding cognitions and the emotions provoked by them, with another thought. As an example, when an anxious patient with chest pain becomes apprehensive thinking that he has a “heart problem”, he may be trained to think that it is only a muscular pain and does not relate to the heart
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  TECHNIQUES FOR ALTERING COGNITIONS: Theseare aim at changing the nature of cognitions. The patient is helped to identify “maladaptive cognitions” and their “logical errors”. Some errors which are not mutually exclusive and which occur in depression are given below: Faulty inference: This is making faulty interpretations of a situation or an event where there is no factual evidence to make such conclusions. For example: if a friend fails to respond to a letter sent by the patient, he considers it as a sign of the friend’s
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  Overgeneralization: This is makinga general conclusion based on a single incident. An example is generalizing all students of a particular class as substandard, based on the poor marks scored by one student. Magnification or minimization: These are distorted evaluations. For example: a minor error is magnified or an important achievement is minimized in an unrealistically distorted manner. Unrealistic assumptions:
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  TECHNIQUES TO RESOLVEPROBLEMS DIRECTLY: Defining the problem more clearly Dividing it into small sub problem which can be better managed Finding out alternate methods of solving each sub problem Considering the merits and demerits of each method Selecting one method which is most
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  THERAPY PROCESS Therapy isresult oriented and defines goals so that progress towards them can be monitored. The therapist is a coach and teacher for the patients learning new skills. Therapist may help the patient identify situations in which undesired thoughts and actions occur and then
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  CONTI..... Its overall goalis to increase self-efficacy or proficiency and sense of control over life. Patient-therapist interaction is a goal oriented collaborative partnership with a beginning, middle and an end. Cognitive therapy helps people examine these beliefs, learn how they influence feelings and behaviors and identify and alter dysfunctional beliefs that predispose them to distort their experiences. By understanding the idiosyncratic ways the people perceive themselves, their experiences the world and the future, therapist can help the patient alter negative emotions change their view of life experiences and