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![Cognitive Radio Definition “ cognitive radio is a paradigm for wireless communication in which either A network or a wireless node changes its transmission or reception parameters to communicate efficiently avoiding interference with licensed or unlicensed users ” [5] Technology Spectrum Sensing Spectrum Management Spectrum Mobility Spectrum Sharing Main Functions Cognitive Radio (CR) vs Intelligent Antenna (A) Technology Full cognitive radio Spectrum Sensing cognitive radio](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cognitiveradionurmayawiduri-110725211730-phpapp01/75/Cognitive-Radio-Emerging-Business-Toward-an-Efficiently-Smart-Era-of-ICT-6-2048.jpg)
![The Smart of Cognitive Radio (cont.) Figure. Basic Cognitive Cycle [6]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cognitiveradionurmayawiduri-110725211730-phpapp01/75/Cognitive-Radio-Emerging-Business-Toward-an-Efficiently-Smart-Era-of-ICT-8-2048.jpg)
![In dynamic spectrum access environment, the following security threats are prominent [6] : Dynamic spectrum access attack a malicious user poses as a primary user and transmits signals very similar to the primary user. Malicious behavior attack misbehaving user masquerades to be a primary user and broadcast jamming signals that is very dificult to be detected by the secondary user Deniel of Service (DOS) attack there could be 3 types of DOS attacks : low intensity attack, the high intensity attack, highest intensity Actions of selfish and malicious users selfish users make constant request in the network that they need more allocation of channels more than what is required. Challanges](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cognitiveradionurmayawiduri-110725211730-phpapp01/75/Cognitive-Radio-Emerging-Business-Toward-an-Efficiently-Smart-Era-of-ICT-10-2048.jpg)
![[1] IEEE Communication magazine, “International Standardization of Cognitive Radio System”, March 2011 [2] IEEE Communication magazine, “Emerging Cognitive Radio Application : A Survey”, March 2011 [3] IEEE Communication magazine, “Wireless Service Provision in TV White Space with Cognitive Radio Technology : A Telecom Operator’s Perspective and Experience”, March 2011 [4] IEEE Communication magazine, “Technology and Market Conditions Toward a new competitive Landscape in Wireless Access Market”, June 2010 [5] http://www.wikipedia.com/ [6] http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/ges/media/mse_prj_rpts/Securityfeature_in_Cognitive_radio.pdf](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cognitiveradionurmayawiduri-110725211730-phpapp01/75/Cognitive-Radio-Emerging-Business-Toward-an-Efficiently-Smart-Era-of-ICT-26-2048.jpg)
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Cognitive Radio : Emerging Business Toward an Efficiently Smart Era of ICT
- 1.
- 2. What is CognitiveRadio? How smart and efficient Cognitive Radio is ? Where is Cognitive Radio place in the future market of telecommunication ? What kind of applications could be take advantages by the presence of cognitive radio ? As a summary, how good this thing is ?
- 3. The use offrequency Broad range of use (telecommunication, military, medical, etc) Wireless trends Limited resources Efficiency Sharing Spectrum DCAAS ( Demand Channel Assignment Access System)
- 4. Heterogeneity Multiple operatorsMultiple Services Various Radio Techniques Different Radio Topologies Broad Range of Radio equipments Multiple frequency bands
- 5. Spectrum “ Forour purposes, spectrum is the term that describes a set of radio waves that can be used to transmit information ” Frequency “ Frequency is the number of times that a wave's peak passes a fixed point in a specific period of time ”
- 6. Cognitive Radio Definition“ cognitive radio is a paradigm for wireless communication in which either A network or a wireless node changes its transmission or reception parameters to communicate efficiently avoiding interference with licensed or unlicensed users ” [5] Technology Spectrum Sensing Spectrum Management Spectrum Mobility Spectrum Sharing Main Functions Cognitive Radio (CR) vs Intelligent Antenna (A) Technology Full cognitive radio Spectrum Sensing cognitive radio
- 7. The Smart ofCognitive Radio What make it smart like no others devices ? Spectrum Detection 3 techniques in spectrum detection : Transmitter detection : matched filter detection, energy detection, cyclostationary feature detection Coorperative detection Intereference based detection Spectrum Management find the best spectrum available with highest QoS. Techniques : Spectrum analysis Spectrum decision Spectrum Mobility Mobility Cross handover – provide the best frequency allocation while moving Spectrum Sharing Spectrum scheduling method – accomodate the use of spectrum according appropriate order of time
- 8. The Smart ofCognitive Radio (cont.) Figure. Basic Cognitive Cycle [6]
- 9. The Advantages Theadvantages of cognitive radio : Senses the radio frequensy environment for presence of white spaces Manages the unused spectrum Increase the efficiency of the spectrum utilization significantly Improves the spectrum utilization by neglecting the over occupie spectrum Channels and filling the unused spectrum channels Improves the performance of the overall spectrum by increasing the data Rate on good channels and moving away from the bad channels Use the unused spectrum for a new business propositions, such as providing High speed internet in the rural areas and high data rate network application like video confrencing can be made
- 10. In dynamic spectrumaccess environment, the following security threats are prominent [6] : Dynamic spectrum access attack a malicious user poses as a primary user and transmits signals very similar to the primary user. Malicious behavior attack misbehaving user masquerades to be a primary user and broadcast jamming signals that is very dificult to be detected by the secondary user Deniel of Service (DOS) attack there could be 3 types of DOS attacks : low intensity attack, the high intensity attack, highest intensity Actions of selfish and malicious users selfish users make constant request in the network that they need more allocation of channels more than what is required. Challanges
- 11. Cognitive Radio SystemCognitive Radio System (CRS) Concept Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, March 2011 Figure . CRS Concept Summary ITU-R WP 1B A radio system employing technology that allows the System to obtain knowledge of its operational and Geographical environment, establiished policy and its Internal state, to dinamically and autonomously adjust its Opperation parameters and protocol according to its Obtained of knowledge in order to achieve predifined Objectives and learn from the result obtained In order to obtain knowledge, CRS use following approaches : Collecting information from component radio system Geolocation Spectrum sensing White space database access Access to cognitive pilot channel (CPC) Type of Cognitive Radio System : Heterogenous type Spectrum Sharing type
- 12. Types of CRSHeterogenous Type Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, March 2011 Figure . Heterogenous Type CRS : Cross device and cross network handover
- 13. Types of CRSSpectrum Sharing type Figure. Spectrum Sharing Type CRS Standards : IEEE 1900.4 IEEE draft standard P1900.4a IEEE draft standard P1900.6 IEEE 802.11y IEEE draft standard P802.11af IEEE draft standard P802.19.1 IEEE draft standard P802.22 IEEE draft standard P802.22.1 standard ECMA-392
- 14. Summary of International Standardization on Cognitive Radio System Topics that currently considered : Technical characteristics and capabilities Potential benefits Deployment scenarios Potential applications Operational techniques Coexistence Operational and technical implication
- 15. Current Condition: TheApps & Tech. Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, June 2010 The Technologies The Mobile Services
- 16. Current Condition: TheApps & Tech. (cont.) Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, June 2011 A heterogenous broadband wireless access landscape Integration heterogenous networks as common business platform
- 17. Future Market Source: IEEE Communication Magazine, June 2010 Market Evolution
- 18. Source : IEEECommunication Magazine, March 2011 Public Safety Networks Future Market : The Application Extend the eyes and ears of public safety Agents : Handphone Laptop Wireless Handhelds Camera GPS etc Problem occurs : Radio frequency congestion communication during emergency interoperability is hampered incompatible radio equipment Lack of standardization Solution Cognitive Radio System : public safety wireless communication network Figure. Public Safety Networks
- 19. Cellular Networks Source: IEEE Communication Magazine, March 2011 Future Market : The Application Customer expectation : “always connected” smart phone social network e-life style data exchange mobile internet Opportunity The increase of revenue Challanges In some area, cellular networks are overload Limited spectrum resources owned by operator Solution cognitive radio network : can augment next generation cellular network Figure. Cellular Networks Architecture
- 20. Figure. Medical BodyArea Network Future Market : The Application Source : IEEE Communication Magazine, March 2011 Ubiquitous monitoring of patient, such as : Temprature Blood presure Blood oxygen electrocardiogram (ECG) Challanges wide area of patient location direct responses from doctor / clinicans collect multiple parameters lower operational cost (low OPEX) Need relatively clean & less crowded spectrum Solution Wireless MBAN using cognitive radio system and network Improve effectiveness and caregivers Wireless Medical Network
- 21. Bussiness Insight Anew Competitive Landscape Mobile services Next-generation wireless network TV services Convergency Ubiquitous services Dynamic Pricing
- 22. Bussiness Insight :The Opportunities New Business Opportunities : Joint management of several Radio Access Network (RAN) within one operator to balanced load of network Joint management of several Radio Access Network (RAN) within more than two operators Spectrum trading beetwen operators
- 23. Bussiness Insight :In Indonesia How Do We Take a Part ? Cooperation integrated framework : regulator, operators, market Emerging local industri : content, services provider, etc Focus to emerging economic growth and national wealth Provide cheap and ubiquitous network, services Spectrum regulation , Price regulation Adopt the most suitable options Collaboration, coorporation and competitiveness environement
- 24. Conclusion The increase Of wireless tech. & subscribers Spectrum & Frequency Issues Cognitive Radio Technology : Dynamic Spectrum Access A New Competitive Landscape Future Market Technology Regulation Value Added Services Cognitive radio technology bring solution and emerging efficiently smart ICT business for a better life
- 25.
- 26. [1] IEEE Communicationmagazine, “International Standardization of Cognitive Radio System”, March 2011 [2] IEEE Communication magazine, “Emerging Cognitive Radio Application : A Survey”, March 2011 [3] IEEE Communication magazine, “Wireless Service Provision in TV White Space with Cognitive Radio Technology : A Telecom Operator’s Perspective and Experience”, March 2011 [4] IEEE Communication magazine, “Technology and Market Conditions Toward a new competitive Landscape in Wireless Access Market”, June 2010 [5] http://www.wikipedia.com/ [6] http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/ges/media/mse_prj_rpts/Securityfeature_in_Cognitive_radio.pdf