Comment soup with a pinch of types, served in a leaky bowl

Comment soup
with a pinch of types,
served in a leaky bowl
Pooja Rani
Manuel Leuenberger
Software Composition Group
Bern, Switzerland

!2
A Pinch of Types
The Leaky Bowl
How gradual types can
be useful for migration
A startling encounter
in the VM world
The Comment Soup
How do comments evolve?
How do developers
write comments?

How do developers write comments?
How do class comments evolve over time?
What is the impact of template on the comments?
What information is present in class comments?
What is the writing style of developers?
!3

!4
Playground to play with code
Developers express their code

!5
Playground to play with words
Developers express themselves

!6
Note that to encode a String as Base64, you first
have to encode the characters as bytes using a
character encoder.
See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64
Part of Zinc HTTP Components.
Warning
Link
Dependency

!7
Wow! I am the biezer shape 4 4 control points.
Maybe we need roassal3 now with a better system for
bezier lines
Excitement,
Future discussion

!8
/**
* Options for connecting through a proxy
*
* Note that not all types may be supported,
depending on
* the platform and compilation options.
*/
Missing Java
documentation

!9
asdasd For the sake of commenting

Warning
Link
Dependency
Random information
Excitement,
Future
discussionWord of advice
Coding guideline

!13

!14
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Pharo versions
 
#Classes
Without comments
With comments
Evolution of Class Comments

Evolution of Class Comments
!15
Pharo versions
 
#Classes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Without comments
With comments

!16

Developers are guided by a default template
!17

!18
Please comment me using the following template inspired by Class Responsibility
Collaborator (CRC) design:
For the Class part: State a one line summary. For example, "I represent a
paragraph of text".
For the Responsibility part: Three sentences about my main responsibilities -
what I do, what I know.
For the Collaborators Part: State my main collaborators and one line about how
I interact with them.
Public API and Key Messages
- message one
- message two
- (for bonus points) how to create instances.
One simple example is simply gorgeous.
Internal Representation and Key Implementation Points.
Implementation Points
Comment markup?

!19
I am an abstract class to define an Item use by a tree data source of Fast
table.
Description
-------------------------------------------------
I define the basics methods needed by a FTTreeDataSource.
I use FTTreeItem to manage my elements and I am use by a FTFastTable.
Public API and Key Messages
-------------------------------------------------
- #data. anObject from: aFTTreeDataSource
This is my constructor that is use by FTTreeDataSource and myself
Example
------------------------------------------------
Should not be instanciate.
Internal Representation and Key Implementation Points.
-------------------------------------------------
Instance Variables
dataSource: I am the dataSource that holds this Item.
children: I am a collection of Items calculate by the item. I contains
the chldren of the Item.
Comment markup!
Key Messages
Intent

!20
Numberofclasses
0
750
1'500
2'250
3'000 Intent
Responsibility
Collaborators
PublicA
PI
Exam
ple
InternalD
etails
InstanceVariable
Template sections found in classes
Template sections
6000 classes
Pharo 7

!21
Numberofclasses
0
35
69
104
138
Intent
Responsibility
Collaborators
PublicA
PI
Exam
ple
InternalD
etails
InstanceVariable
Template sections found- Manual analysis
Template sections
138 random classes
Pharo 7

!22
Class References
Warnings
Links
Steps
Precondition
Observations
License
Suggestions
Dependency
Reference to external docs
Clarification
Extension
Discourse
Coding guideline
Number of classes
0 10 20 30 40
Extra Information - Manual analysis
Extra categories
100 random classes
Pharo 7

!23

!24
Intent
Responsibility Collaborators Public API
Example Internal Details Instance Variable
Dependency Reference to external docs
ClarificationExtension Discourse
Coding guideline
Class References
Warnings
LinksSteps
Precondition
License
Suggestions
Observations
Comment Soup

!25
Intent
Responsibility Collaborators Public API
Example Internal Details Instance Variable
Dependency Reference to external docs
ClarificationExtension Discourse
Coding guideline
Class References
Warnings
LinksSteps
Precondition
License
Suggestions
Observations
Template
Inspired
Extra but
frequent
Extra but
rare

!26

!27
Comments of length 2-5 lines, have lengthy sentences
Use first person pronouns
Writing style
Different warning words
No formatting standards followed
Inconsistent parentheses

– Penelope J. Corﬁeld
“All people are living histories – which is why
History matters”

!1
And now for something
completely different

The EMF is dead,
long live the EMF!
!3

!4
Andnowforsomething
completelydifferent

A Pinch of Types
How gradual types can be useful for migration
!8

!9
Andnowforsomething
completelydifferent

The Leaky Bowl
A startling encounter in the VM world
!10

How to write two lines of
code in two months
!11

How to write two lines of
code in two months
- (void) pumpRunLoopEventSendAndSignal:(BOOL)signal {
@autoreleasepool {
...
}
}
!12

The Bern Experience
• People put eﬀort in commenting classes, not only for new,
but also old classes

• Comment template impacts developers, structure helps

• The ecosystem needs love

• Dynamically typed does not mean no types

• Deeper integration of code transformation tools
!13

Comment soup with a pinch of types, served in a leaky bowl

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