Communication in nursing staff and student

Communication
 The sending and receiving of a
message.

Aspects of Communication (i)
 Sender - the one who conveys the
message to another person.
 Message - the thought, idea, or emotion
conveyed.
 Channel - how the message is sent.

Aspects of Communication (ii)
 Receiver - physiological/ psychological
components.
 Feedback - the receiver’s response to
the sender.
 Influences - Culture, education,
emotions and other factors involved.

Methods of Communication
 Verbal - Speaking, Listening, Writing,
Reading.
 Nonverbal - Gestures, Facial
Expressions, Posture and Gait, Tone of
Voice, Touch, Eye Contact, Body
Position, Physical Appearance.

Influences on Communication
 Age
 Education
 Emotions
 Culture
 Language
 Attention
 Surroundings

Congruency of Messages
 Verbal and nonverbal communication
must be congruent, or in agreement.

Listening and Observing
 Listening and observing are two of the
most valuable skills a nurse can have.
 These two skills are used to gather the
subjective and objective data for the
nursing assessment.

Active Listening
 The process of hearing spoken words
and noting nonverbal behavior.
 Active listening takes energy and
concentration.

Therapeutic Communication
 Sometimes called effective
communication, it is purposeful and
goal-oriented, creating a beneficial
outcome for the client.

Goals of
Therapeutic Communication
 To obtain or provide information
 To develop trust
 To show caring
 To explore feelings

Enhancing Communication
 Self-Disclosure.
 Caring.
 Genuineness.
 Warmth.
 Active Listening.
 Empathy (the capacity to understand another’s
feelings).
 Acceptance and respect.

Communication Techniques
 Clarifying/validating.
 Asking open questions.
 Using indirect statements.
 Reflecting.
 Paraphrasing.
 Summarizing.
 Focusing.
 Silence.

Barriers Communication
Some barriers include:
 Closed questions.
 False reassurance.
 Judgmental responses.
 Defensive reflex.
 Agreeing/Disagreeing or Approving/ Disapproving.
 Giving advice.
 Requesting an explanation.
 Changing the subject.

Nurse-Client Communication
 Almost every nurse-client interaction
should involve therapeutic
communication.
 Nurse-client communication is
influenced by both the nurse and the
client.

Three Phases of
Nurse-Client Communication
 Introduction: Fairly short; expectations clarified;
mutual goals set
 Working: Major portion of the interaction; used to
accomplish goals outlined in introduction; feedback
from client essential.
 Termination: Nurse asks if client has questions;
summarizing the topic is another way to indicate
closure.

Determinant Factors in
Communication
A nurse’s communication is affected by:
 Past Experience
 State of Health
 Home Situation
 Workload
 Staff Relations
 Self-Awareness

Determinant Factors in
Communication
A client’s communication is affected by:
 Social Factors
 Religion
 Family Situation
 Level of Consciousness
 Stage of Illness
 Visual, Hearing and Speech Ability
 Language Proficiency

Communication in nursing staff and student

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