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Community medicine presentation second year mbbs
- 1. Community medicine presentation M.Madhavan second yearMBBS 10.07.2024
- 2. ◆ Contents: Demographic cycle Populationpyramid Sex ratio Demographic indicators Vital statistics
- 3. Demographic cycle ◆ Demographiccycle is the scientific study of human population. ◆ It is defined as the science which deals with the study of all aspect of population progress,welfare,death in a family and also about birth in a family age and number of childrens and their qualification deformities in the family and sanitation etc…
- 4. ◆ It focuseson the below following: Changes in population size Composition of population Distribution of population in space
- 5. Demographic cycle ◆ Highstationary stage ◆ Early expanding stage ◆ Late expanding stage ◆ Low stationary satge ◆ Declining stage
- 6. High stationary stage Itis the first stage during which population remains stationary because there is a high birth rate as well as death rate. ◆ It is the second stage during which the death rate begins to fall but the birth rate remains unchanged.
- 7. Late expanding stage ◆It is the stage where the birth rate decreases but still the population continues to increase due because the birth rate is still higher than death rate Low stationary stage ◆ It is the fourth stage during which population remains almost stationary because there is low birth rate as well as death rate
- 8. Declining stage ◆ Itis the fifth stage during which the population begins to decrease because the birth rate is lower than the death rate
- 9. Population pyramid ◆ Populationpyramid: A population pyramid is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population This is also known as age sex pyramid ◆ Three general kinds of population pyramids: 1.stationary 2.expansive 3.constrictive
- 10. ◆ Expansive pyramid: Thistype of pyramid indicate a population in which there is: High birth rate High death rate Short life expectancy ◆ Stationary pyramid: A population pyramid showing an unchanging pattern of fertility and mortality It indicate slow population growth or stable population. the stationary pyramid displays somewhat equal share of juvenile and adult age growth
- 11. ◆ Constrictive pyramid: Apopulation pyramid showing lower or percentage of younger people The country will have a graying population which means that people are generally older It represents low fertility low mortality high life expectancy and ageing of population It is typically associated with very advanced country which have a high level of literacy and very good health and medical facility
- 12. ◆ Sex ratio: Itis defined as the number of girls for every thousand boys The sex ratio is a measure that compares the number of women and men in a particular population group ◆ Demographic indicators: demographic characteristic of a country provide an overview of its population size, composition, territorial distribution, changes therein and the component of changes such as natality mortality and social mobility
- 13. ◆ Classification ofdemographic indicators: population statistics vital statistics ◆ Vital statistics: Birth rate Death rate Natural growth rate Life expectancy at birth Mortality rate Fertility rate
- 14. ◆ Birth rate: Thebirth rate is defined as the ratio between the number of live born births in the year and the average total population of that year ◆ Death rate: The death rate is defined as the between deaths and individual in a specified population and time period ◆ Growth rate: The difference between the birth and death rate is termed as the growth rate of population ◆ Life expectancy at birth: The number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing pattern of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life
- 15. ◆ Mortality rate: Thenumber of deaths in a given area from a particular cause. ◆ Fertility rate: The average number of children born tp each women in a given region during the course of her lifetime
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