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Community nutrition and public health
- 1. Community Nutrition andPublic Health
- 2. Topic: Introduction toNutrition for physical fitness and sport Feeding problems in children with Special needs Submitted by Sowmiya Gunasekaran II-M.Sc (N&D)
- 3. Introduction to Nutritionfor physical fitness Health, as defined by the (WHO), is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
- 4. • A well-balanceddiet provides all of the: energy you need to keep active throughout the day • Nutrients you need for growth and repair, helping you to stay strong and healthy and help to prevent diet-related illness.
- 5. • Keeping activeand eating a healthy balanced diet can also help you to maintain a healthy weight.
- 6. • Deficiencies insome key nutrients - such as vitamin A, B, C and E, and zinc, iron and selenium - can weaken parts of your immune system.
- 7. Balanced Diet • Adiet that contains the proper proportions of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, mi nerals, and water necessary to maintain good health.
- 8. Important Nutrients InDiet • Carbohydrates: They serves as the fuel for the body. • Protein: They help in growth and immunity of the body. • Fats: fat is the major storage form of energy in the body.
- 9. • Vitamins andMinerals: They help in many body functions like energy production and muscle contraction. • Water: It keeps you hydrated and replaces the fluids that you lose during workouts.
- 10. “HEALTY EATING LEADSTO HEALTHY LIVING”
- 11. Sport Feeding problemsin children with Special needs • The term “Special Needs” is being replaced by the term “Exceptional Learners.” • Exceptional Learners are, “those who require special education and related services if they are to realize their full human potential.”
- 12. How to Recognizea Children with Special Needs • Difficulties with attention and concentration. • Difficulty with getting along with others. • Easily frustrated. • Impulsive inactions. • restlessness. • Poor self-concept.
- 13. Children with SpecialNeeds • Disabilities – Cerebral Palsy • Congenital Defects – Cleft Palate • Health-related and Behavioural problems – Learning Disorders or ADHD • Autism
- 14. Cerebral Palsy • Nonprogressive injury to the immature brain Leading to motor dysfunction.
- 15. • Cerebral palsyaffects muscle control and coordination, so even simple movements — like standing still — are difficult.
- 16. Risk factors • Prenatal •Prematurity (< 36 weeks) • Low birth weight (less than 2500 g) • Maternal epilepsy • Infections (TORCH) • Bleeding in the third trimester • Severe toxemia, • Eclampsia • Multiple pregnancies • Placental insufficiency • Drug abuse and trauma
- 17. • Perinatal • Prolongedand difficult labor • Premature rupture of membranes • Presentation anomalies • Vaginal bleeding at the time of labor • Bradycardia and hypoxia
- 18. • Postnatal • CNSinfection (encephalitis, meningitis) • Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia • Head trauma • Seizures and Coagulopathies
- 19. Nutritional issues • Teethproblems • hyperbilirubinemia • Malocclusion Spasticity • Tooth decay, swallowing problems • Antiepileptic drug use
- 20. Causes of inadequatefood intake • Difficulty chewing and swallowing • Hyperactive gag reflex • Spasticity of oropharyngeal muscles • Loss of selective control of oropharyngeal muscles Gastroesophageal reflux
- 21. AUTISM • Autism spectrumdisorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges.
- 22. Nutritional Concerns • Childrenwith ASD are five times more likely to have mealtime challenges such as extremely narrow food selections, ritualistic eating behaviors (for example, no foods can touch) and meal-related tantrums.
- 23. • Children withASD have a lower than average intake of protein, calcium, B12, and Vitamin D as compared to their peers. • Poor nutrition is linked to motor, cognitive, and behavioral development problems in children with ASD.
- 24. • Picky Eating –Rigidity & Routine – Sensory Issues • Allergies • High rates of Gastrointestinal (GI) Disorders
- 26. CLEFT LIP ANDPALATE • Feeding Difficulties • Cleft lip= makes it more difficult for an infant to suck on a nipple • Cleft Palate= may cause formula or breast milk to be accidently taken up into the nasal cavity Inability to create negative pressure inside oral cavity Frequent regurgitations • Upper respiratory tract infections
- 27. Dental Problems • ongenitallyMissing teeth, Hypodontia, Hyperdontia, Oligodontia • Presence of natal and neonatal teeth • Anamalies of tooth morphology like microdontia, macrodontia etc • Fused teeth • Enamel Hypoplasia • Poor periodontal support, early loss of teeth • Gemination, Dilacerations
- 28. ADHD (Attention DeficitHyperactivity Disorder) • “ADHD is a developmental disability with a childhood onset that typically results in a chronic and pervasive pattern of impairment in school, social and/or work domains, and often in daily adaptive functioning.”
- 29. Nutrition In ADHD •Protein & Omega-3 fatty acids are important for ADHD, as well as iron & magnesium. • Eat a high-protein diet. • Eat complex crabs at night (may aid sleep).