Companion Planting - Bountiful, Utah

Companion Planting - Bountiful, Utah

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  J&L Garden Center The All Season Gift and Garden Center 620 North 500 West Bountiful, Utah 292-0421 2009 www.JLGardenCenter.com [email protected] Companion Planting Many of us have heard that marigolds help keep insects out the vegetable garden; that garlic keeps aphids out of rose gardens, and that nothing will grow near a black walnut tree. Some of these claims hold true, others do not. Just where do these horticultural maxims come from? Companion planting is a mixture of folklore and scientific fact; you must experiment to find out what works for you. Even those who use companion planting do not always know why some planting combinations work, while others do not. You will probably find that the most aromatic plants are the best companion plants for eliminating insects. For centuries it was common practice to plant two or more crops simultaneously in the same area to help increase the yield of one or more of the crops. American Indians used to plant corn, beans, and squash to their advantage. Squash leaves would shade the soil and reduce weed growth. Their prickly stems would make raccoons think twice about entering the corn patch. The corn provided shade for the squash in the heat of the summer and didn't mind if the vines wandered up their stalks. Beans were a nitrogen fixing plant. They provided the corn and squash with extra nutrients. In modern times single crop cultivation has become the most popular way of gardening because it is easier to plan and take care of. In nature, where plants grow without Avoid using invasive herbs, such as horseradish or cultivation, there is always a mixture of plant mint as companion plants, unless you are diligent in keep- types growing in an area. With few excep- ing them in bounds. Try planting invasive herbs in pots and tions, the plants that grow together in the just setting the pots in the garden. wild are mutually beneficial, in that they Make sure the companion herbs do not attract the allow for maximum utilization of light, mois- same problems and pests as the plants you are using them ture and soil. Plants that need less light live in the shade of with. those which must have full light. The roots of some plants Herbs that repel. Try planting garlic with bush beans live close to the surface and others send their roots far to repel aphids. Plant catnip with eggplant to repel flea down into the subsoil. Companion planting should maxi- beetles. A ring of chives under an apple tree is said to mize the use of sun, soil, moisture, and nutrients, to grow discourage apple scab. Other herbs used to repel pests several crops in one area. include anise, borage, calendula, cilantro, dill, scented ge- ranium, mint, rosemary, sage, and tansy. Benefits Herbs that help. Some herbs seem to en- Not all crops respond to companion planting in the hance the growth of other plants. Plant borage with same way. In fact, some plants may do worse when com- strawberries, chervil with radishes, sage with cab- bined with other crops than if they are grown by them- bage-family crops and summer or winter savory with on- selves. In many cases, however, the positive effects of ions. Try basil or thyme around tomatoes. Tarragon is said interplanting usually outweigh any negative results. to enhance the growth of most garden vegetables. Herbs that Hinder. Dill seems to slow the growth Odoriferous Plants of tomatoes, and sage hinders the growth of onions. Garlic Some plants have a beneficial effect on harms neighboring beans and peas. Marigold, sunflower, the garden just because of the odor they emit. and wormwood also hinder the growth of many plants if Many of these aromatic plants are herbs. they are too close. You can mix and match herbs with most other Herbs as trap crops. You can use herbs as traps plants as long as you are careful to meet the that lure pests away from your crops. Dill and lovage have growth requirements of all the plants involved. been used to lure hornworms from tomatoes. Be sure to choose plants that have the same require- Herbs to Lure Beneficial insects. Many herbs ments for water, sunlight, temperature, soil conditions. attract assassin bugs, honeybees, hover flies, lacewings, lady bugs, and parasitic wasps. Golden rod, chamomile,
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  coreopsis, marigold, sunflower,tansy, and yar- throughout garden row are some of the common daisy-family Horseradish Potatoes herbs that attract beneficial insects. Mint-family Leek Onions, celery, carrots herbs have aromatic foliage and attract these Lettuce It grows especially well with onions, Strawberries, carrots, radishes and same insects. Other herbs used to attract ben- cucumbers. eficial insects are bee balm, catnip, hyssop, lavender, sweet Marigolds Plant throughout the flower & marjoram, oregano, sage, thyme, anise, caraway, dill, and vegetable gardens fennel, just to name a few. Mints Cabbage family, tomatoes Nasturtium Tomatoes, radishes, cabbage, cucumbers, The Right Combination under fruit trees Selecting the right combinations and arrange- Onions Beets, strawberries, tomato, lettuce, beans ments can be very tricky. You must be able to repels slugs and ants. Keep away from peas. Parsley Tomato, asparagus balance the benefits of mixing plants with the pos- Pea Squash, most all vegetables. Carrots, sibility of incompatibility in use of space, sunlight cucumbers, corn, turnips, radishes, beans, water, and nutrients. potatoes and aromatic herbs. Keep the peas Every garden is different. What works in one garden away from onions, garlic, leek, and shallots. may not work in another; soil, available light, and many Petunia Beans other factors will affect the outcome of any given plant- Pigweed Potatoes, onions, corn (it is a weed!) ing. The results of companion planting between two gar- Potato Horseradish, beans, corn, cabbage, dens may be identical, but your outlook may not see it that marigold, lima beans, eggplant. way: A "high yield" to you may be a "moderate yield" to Pumpkin Corn your neighbor. Radish Peas, nasturtium, lettuce, cucumber, beets, carrots, spinach and parsnips, beans. Avoid Many planting combinations have been tried and planting radishes near cabbage, tested. The following combinations have worked for many cauliflower, brussels sprouts, broccoli, gardeners and are worth trying in your garden. You may kohlrabi or turnips. even have other combinations that work well together. Try It’s said that summer planting near leaf out new combinations and use some of the old ones too. lettuce makes the radishes more tender. Rosemary Carrots, beans, cabbage, sage, Crop Companion repels bean beetles, cabbage moth, Asparagus Tomatoes, parsley, basil Rue Roses, Raspberries Basil Tomatoes, also repels flies and mosquitoes. Sage Rosemary, carrots, cabbage, peas, beans Bean Potatoes, carrots, cucumbers, cauliflower, Spinach Strawberries cabbage, summer savory, most other herbs Squash Nasturtium, corn, Icicle radishes, and vegetables. Dislike onions and fennel. cucumbers Bee Balm Tomatoes Strawberry Bush beans, spinach, lettuce Beet Onions, kohlrabi, Bush beans, lettuce, Summer Savory Beans, onions onions, kohlrabi, and most members of the Sunflower Cucumber cabbage family are companion plants. Keep Tansy Roses, raspberries, fruit trees the pole beans and mustard away from them Deters ants, cucumber beetles, squash bugs, Cabbage family Potatoes, celery, dill, chamomile, sage, many flying insects thyme, mint, pennyroyal, rosemary, beets, Thyme Deters cabbage worm lavendar, onions. They dislike strawberries, Tomato Chives, onion, parsley, asparagus, marigold tomatoes, and pole beans. nasturtium, carrots, lima beans. Carrot Peas, lettuce, chives, onions, leeks, sage, Turnip Peas rosemary, tomatoes Celery Leeks, tomatoes, bush beans, Another important benefit of cauliflower, cabbage companion planting is that one plant Chamomile Cabbage, Onions may help protect another plant from Chervil Radishes certain insect problems. The follow- Chive Carrots, ing insects do not like the plants listed Corn Potatoes, beans, peas, radishes, sunflowers, next to them. Try planting a few. pumpkin, cucumber. Cucumber Beans, corn, peas, radishes, sunflowers. Dill Cabbage Eggplant Beans Garlic Roses, raspberries, many herbs and vegetables, plant liberally
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  Insect Problem Plantsthat Discourage Insect around the base of the plants, so they are not as prone to Aphids Mints, garlic, chives, coriander, anise, damage from the wind. Also, interplanting helps create a petunias, nasturtium uniform stand of corn. The corn forms a support for the Cabbage maggot Mints, hyssop, rosemary, thyme, sage, beans, and the squash covers the soil, helping to control celery, catnip, nasturtium weeds. Cabbage moth Mints, hyssop, rosemary, thyme, sage, celery catnip, nasturtium Beans are in the legume family and legumes take ni- Potato Beetle Snap beans, horseradish trogen from the air and converts it into a form that plants Cucumber Beetle Tansy, radish can use. This is important because corn demands a fairly Cutworms Tansy high amount of nitrogen. The nitrogen "left" in the hill by Flea Beetles Mints, tomato, cole crops the beans is available for next year's corn crop. This is Leafhoppers Petunias, geranium one reason the Iroquois planted in the same hills for sev- Bean Beetle Marigold, potato, rosemary, eral years. summer savory, petunia The planting of corn, beans, and squash was more Mites Onion, Garlic, chives than a gardening activity for the Iroquois. The Three Sis- Slugs & Snails Rosemary, wormwood ters system also provided a varied diet, keeping the people Squash bug Tansy, nasturtium Hornworm Borage, marigold healthy for hundreds of years. White flies Nasturtium, Marigold Sometimes plant friendships are one-sided. Carrots are said to help beans, but beans don’t reciprocate. Though The Three Sisters beans will help nearby cucumbers. The term 'The Three Sis- Other plants have bad companions and you’ll be do- ters' was used by the Iroquois ing them a favor to keep them apart. Beans and onions are when they planted Corn, Beans, natural enemies so keep them at opposite sides of the gar- and Squash together. Corn, den. beans and squash are consid- If you have a patio you might try mint to repel ants, ered by the Iroquois to be spe- and basil to keep the flies and mosquitoes away. Both herbs cial gifts from the Great Spirit. have pretty flowers and are fragrant too. The well-being of each crop is believed to be protected by one of the Three Sisters, spirits Additional resources: that are collectively called De-o-ha-ko. This word means http://www.ghorganics.com/page2.html "our sustainers" or "those who support us". The three sisters system refers to the planting of corn, http://www.companionplanting.net/ pole beans, and squash together in hills. The practice of planting more than one type of crop together is called in- http://www.companionplanting.net/ terplanting,. Although this planting system is not common ListofCompanionPlants.html in the United States, it is a well-thought-out growing pro- http://www.ext.nodak.edu/county/cass/horticulture/ cess in other countries. Interplanting is beneficial because vegetables/companion.htm some small farmers are finding that large plantings of one crop can have some major disadvantages. http://www.no-dig-vegetablegarden.com/ In the Three Sister planting system, raised areas are companion-planting.html made about three feet apart, both between and within the rows. Several seeds of corn are planted in small holes and http://www.organicgardening.com/pdf/companion.pdf covered. As the emerging corn plants are weeded, the soil is gently mounded, or hilled, around the corn plants. When the corn is about four to six inches high, bean and squash seeds are planted in the hills, Bean seeds are placed in each hill, and squash is planted in about every seventh hill. The three crops grow together for the remainder of the season. Interplanting has many advantages. Iroquois farmers adapted this ecological planting method to meet the needs of their crops. Several crops planted together are not as attractive to pests, while large plantings of one crop tend to have more pest problems. The hills provide support