Components of hydraulic & pneumetic

Oil Hydraulic & Pneumatics(2171912)
Basic Components of Hydraulic &
Pneumatic Circuits
Branch : Mechanical 7-D-1
Prepared by: Dangar Shivji S.(150123119006)
Submitted to: Prof.:- Jatin Patel

COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
• The major components are:
1. Prime mover
2. Pump
3. Control valves
4. Actuators
5. Piping system
6. fluid

• Prime mover:
It is a device which develops the mechanical power. It may
be an IC Engine, electric motor or turbine. The power
developed will be transmitted and utilized. Its type depend
on the type application of system.
• Pump:
Pump is driven by the prime mover, the function of the
pump is to pressurize the fluid thereby converting the
mechanical energy to fluid energy. In case of gas compressor
is used in place of pump.

• Control valves:
The pressurized fluid supplied by the pump is required to be
delivered to various parts of the system. The control valves
can be broadly classified into three types:
a) Pressure control valves
b) Flow control valves
c) Direction control valve
• Pressure control valve control and limit the pressure.
• Direction control valve control the direction of the flow by
diverting the fluid to places of use where the fluid is
converted back to mechanical energy.
• Flow control valve controls the flow rate of fluid which in
turn controls the speed of motion of the actuators.

COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM
• Actuators:
Actuators convert the fluid power contained in
pressurized fluid to mechanical energy. They are the
muscle of the system. They may be of linear or rotary
type, according to desired type of motion.
• Piping system:
It is the vital component of the fluid power system.
They carry fluid containing energy to various parts of
the system. After transferring energy to concerned
part, the return of oil is brought back to the reservoir ,
from where it is re-circulated.

COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM
• The supporting components are as follows:
a) Filters
b) Heat exchangers
c) Accumulators
d) Measuring gauges
e) Electrical devices
f) Protective devices
g) Sensors
h) strainers

• Filters:
Filters are very important for a fluid power system. It is the
filter which works continuously and removes all possible
particulate matter from the oil and keep it in acceptably pure
condition.
• Heat Exchanger:
To limit the temperature of oil which is to be maintained more
or less constant. If the temperature is too high heat can be
released from system. And if temperature is too low of oil it
requires to be increased by applying some heat.
• Accumulators:
Accumulators are storage devices. They provide small pool of
pressurized oil which can be used during emergencies.

• Measuring Gauges:
In addition to various functional components, there is a
need to measure certain parameters for monitoring the
proper functioning of the system. For e.g.: pressure
gauges, temperature gauges, etc.
• Electrical Devices:
though fluid power system can operate entirely based
on mechanical controls, electrical devices and control
provide much flexibility in operation. Most of the
electrical devices are used in control of fluid power.
Electrical control enables us the remote operation,
automation and sequencing etc.

COMPONENTS OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
• The major components of the pneumatic system are:
a) Compressor
b) Receiver
c) Air distribution lines
d) FLR units
e) Pneumatic control valve
f) Pneumatic actuators
g) Air driers

• Air compressor:
An air compressor is a device which is used to compress air.
This is used as source in pneumatic system. There are mainly
two types of compressors:
i. A reciprocating compressor which has a piston sliding in a
cylinder and the compressed air is delivered to a receiver.
ii. A rotary compressor in which the dynamic head is imparted
to the gas by means of high speed impeller rotating in a
confined space so that the air compressed due to
centrifugal action. They are used for large quantities of air.

• Pneumatic filters:
Air filters are used to filter the air taken into the compressor.
The important function performed by filters are:
a) Filter all the suspended impurities in air such as dust and
other particulate matter.
b) Filter helps in condensing the excess water vapor.
• Pressure regulators:
Air coming out from the source and moving into the
pneumatic system needs to be supplied at constant pressure
irrespective of source pressure. Therefore, the regulators are
pressure control valves which are normally open type of
valve

• Lubricator:
Air entering into the pneumatic system is not completely dry.
It always contains a certain percentage of lubricant to ensure
that the moving part operated by the air are properly
lubricated. Lubrication of air is done by mixing a fine mist of
lubricant in the air stream. It is the standard accessory of a
pneumatic system.
• FRL units:
since the three components filter, regulator and lubricator are
essential components of any pneumatic system, the present
trend is to combine all of them into one unit called as FRL
unit. They are installed at the beginning of the air supply line
so that air is filtered, regulated and lubricated before entering
system.

• Pneumatic valves:
Pressure control valves used in pneumatics is basically
“normally open (NO) type”. They are mostly pressure
regulators or “Regulators”.
Direction control valves are used in pneumatics to
serve the same function as in hydraulics. They are used
for diverting the compressed air to various parts of the
system. There is no difference in the type, classification
and method of functioning.

Components of hydraulic & pneumetic

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Components of hydraulic & pneumetic