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Similar to Computer architecture the pentium architecture
Computer architecture the pentium architecture
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- 2. WHY THE NAMEPENTIUM ????? Intel wanted to prevent their competitors from branding their processors with similar names. Pentium is a registered trademark that is included in the brand names of many of Intel's x86- compatible microprocessors, The name Pentium was derived from the Greek pente (πέντε), meaning 'five.
- 3. PENTIUM FAMILY Intelintroduced microprocessors in 1969 4-bit microprocessor 4004 8-bit microprocessors 8080 8085 16-bit processors 8086 introduced in 1979 20-bit address bus, 16-bit data bus 8088 is a less expensive version Uses 8-bit data bus Can address up to 4 segments of 64 KB Referred to as the real mode
- 4. PENTIUM FAMILY (CONT’D) 80186 A faster version of 8086 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus Improved instruction set 80286 was introduced in 1982 24-bit address bus 16 MB address space Enhanced with memory protection capabilities Introduced protected mode Segmentation in protected mode is different from the real mode Backwards compatible
- 5. PENTIUM FAMILY (CONT’D) 80386 was introduced 1985 First 32-bit processor 32-bit data bus and 32-bit address bus 4 GB address space Segmentation can be turned off (flat model) Introduced paging 80486 was introduced 1989 Improved version of 386 Combined coprocessor functions for performing floating- point arithmetic Added parallel execution capability to instruction decode and execution units Achieves scalar execution of 1 instruction/clock Later versions introduced energy savings for laptops
- 6. PENTIUM FAMILY (CONT’D) Pentium (80586) was introduced in 1993 Similar to 486 but with 64-bit data bus Wider internal datapaths 128- and 256-bit wide Added second execution pipeline Superscalar performance Two instructions/clock Doubled on-chip L1 cache 8 KB data 8 KB instruction Added branch prediction
- 7. PENTIUM FAMILY (CONT’D) Pentium Pro was introduced in 1995 Three-way superscalar 3 instructions/clock 36-bit address bus 64 GB address space Introduced dynamic execution Out-of-order execution Speculative execution In addition to the L1 cache Has 256 KB L2 cache
- 8. PENTIUM FAMILY (CONT’D) Pentium II was introduced in 1997 Introduced multimedia (MMX) instructions Doubled on-chip L1 cache 16 KB data 16 KB instruction Introduced comprehensive power management features Sleep Deep sleep In addition to the L1 cache Has 256 KB L2 cache Pentium III, Pentium IV,…
- 9. PENTIUM FAMILY (CONT’D) Itanium processor RISC design Previous designs were CISC 64-bit processor Uses 64-bit address bus 128-bit data bus Introduced several advanced features Speculative execution Predication to eliminate branches Branch prediction
- 10. PENTIUM ADDRESSING MODES addressing modes : Immediate Register operand Displacement Base Base with displacement Scaled index with displacement Base with index and displacement Base scaled index with displacement Relative
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- 12. PENTIUM REGISTERS Four32-bit registers can be used as Four 32-bit register (EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX) Four 16-bit register (AX, BX, CX, DX) Eight 8-bit register (AH, AL, BH, BL, CH, CL, DH, DL) Some registers have special use ECX for count in loop instructions
- 13. THE PENTIUM PROCESSOR Upward compatibility has been maintained. It can run all programs written for any 80x86 line, but does so at a double the speed of fastest 80486. Pentium is mixture of both CISC and RISC technologies. All the prior 80x86 processor are considered as CISC processor. The addition of RISC aspects lead to additional performance improvement.
- 14. It uses64 bit data bus to address memory organized in 8 banks, each bank contains 512 MB of data. Each bank can store a byte of data. All these bank enable signals are active low. B3B7 B6 B5 B4 B2 B1 B0 BE0BE7 BE6 BE5 BE4 BE3 BE2 BE1 Memory System of Pentium 64 bit
- 15. PENTIUM™ PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE Divide Add 64bit bus Interface Code Cache Prefetch Buffers Integer ALU Integer ALU Register Set Data Cache Branch Prediction Pipelined Floating-Point Unit Multiply U pipe V pipeline 32 bits 64 bits 256 bits
- 16. INTEL CORE MICROARCHITECTURE 64-bit cores Wide dynamic execution (execute four instructions simultaneously) Intelligent power capability (power gating) Advanced smart cache (shares L2 cache between cores) Smart memory access (memory disambiguation) Advanced digital media boost See the demo at http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture/coremi cro/demo/demo.htm?iid=tech_core+demo
- 17. CACHE MEMORY ThePentium contains two 8K-byte cache. An 8 byte instruction cache, which stores the instruction. An 8 byte data cache, stores the data used by the instructions. In the 80486 with unified cache, a program that was data intensive quickly fills the cache, allowing less room for instructions. In Pentium this cannot occur because of the separate instruction cache.
- 18. PIPELINING It isa technique used to enable one instruction to complete with each clock cycle. In Pentium there are two instruction pipelines, the U pipeline and V pipeline. These pipelines are responsible for executing 80x86 instructions. During Execution the U and V pipelines are capable of executing two integer instructions at the same time and one floating point instructions.
- 20. 4TH GENERATION INTELCORE PROCESSOR & ADVANTAGES 4th Generation Intel Core processor, more advanced, faster and new line of low-power processor, have arrived in 2013, aims to set a new standard for mobile computing experience and innovative Ultrabook, and tablets designs
- 21. INTEL I3 PROCESSOR. The only question I have is if there's any advantage to using a Core i3 over a Core2Duo. The Core i3 is a 3.2 GHz dual core chip, and it's quite a big improvement over the Core2Duo. It's a good 700 MHz faster, much faster bus with significantly faster RAM. The first Core i3 processors were launched on January 7, 2010.
- 22. FEATURE OF I3 The Core i3 is a 3.2 GHz dual core chip, and it's quite a big improvement over the Core2Duo. It's a good 700 MHz faster, much faster bus with significantly faster RAM. Uses less heat and energy than earlier processors, which is always a good thing in this day and age.
- 23. INTEL I5 PROCESSOR. I5 provides the opportunity to the users to use the system with multi tasking. A big feature of the I5 processors is that they have ability to run two multitasking processors together that are generally called as dual processors and can increase the working performance of the system efficiently. Turbo boost technology of I5 processors is the key beneficial feature of the I5 processors that allow the users to do their regular and important working with the help of heavy applications.
- 24. FEATURES OF I5PROCESSOR. I5 processors have ability to work with integrated memory and can enhance the performance of the applications. The increase the memory up to 1333 MHz as I5 processors have high speed performing rate so they are able to perform at the maximum CPU rate of 3.6 GHz turbo technology is present in the device that boost up the working speed of the computational systems It provides the 64 bit architecture for the users for the reliable working. Micro architecture for the I5 processors was presented by the Nehalem and these processors have a cache rate up to 8 MB.
- 25. INTEL I7 PROCESSOR. Intel developed different types processors for the users for the sake of faster working as compared to the previous versions. After the development of I3 and I5 processor Intel introduces a new version i.e. I7 processor that is comparatively faster than the old ones. Basically I7 processors were designed to meet the challenges of the intelligent and the faster working performance of the computer system. They were designed in 2008 and were announced in 2009 just after the I5 processors.
- 26. FEATURE OF I7PROCESSOR. With the help of I7 processors users can enjoy the high speed working with the additional feature of the multitasking i.e. using two different documents or the files at the same time. Dual core technology is also a part of I7 processors that provide reliable and high data rate working performance to the customers. A big feature of the I7 processors is the Turbo Boost technology. This technology provides the high performance to the system to the users to overcome the work load of different applications on the system and maintain the speed of the system. Like I5 and I3 processors I7 also have a feature of Hyper threading technology enhances the activity and the speed of the system by managing the multitasking, work load and different types of heavier applications of the users. I7 processors are so advanced to deals with the integrated memory of e system and have ability to increase the memory up to 1066 Mbits and provide the working speed of 25.6 GB/sec.
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