Computer assisted instruction and computer assisted instruction

COMPUTER ASSISTED
INSTRUCTION AND
COMPUTER ASSISTED
LEARNING

Computer and computer devices are finding more and more in classroom applications.
The class room use of computer include individualisation of instruction, display of
information, evaluation of students and illustration of abstract ideas by computer graphics
and diagrams. Technology explosion has yielded several new machines, materials and
media has great potential for use in the educational enterprise a judicious use of these
together with new functions and roles of educational personnel had helped in ringing
about a more efficient teaching and learning strategies.
INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION
It is defined as a method of
instruction in which the
computer is used as an aid
of teaching.

ORIGIN OF CAI: -
The origin of CAI may be stated in two different stages.
First stage of CAI is the development of a small commercial computer in the census bureau in 1951 in
USA and the very first attempt of CAI has been taken place after a decade around 1961.
Second stage of development in CAI has taken place after the development of computerized tutorial in
arithmetic and reading for elementary school children by Patrick Suppers of Stanford university in
1966 and he was considered as father of CAI.

* It is not an audio visual aid. It is a part of educational technology i.e. Instructional technology
* It is not a test, it is a new strategy for teaching and learning.
* It is not the solution of educational problems. It is new instructional strategy for the modification of
behaviours of learners.
* It cannot replace the teacher from the field of teaching but can make the teaching more effective.
* It requires more creativity and imaginative efforts to develop.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CAI

TYPES OF CAI
1. LOGO
It is the instructional procedure for the learning the program language through simple tasks.
The simple task in LOGO system are concerned with generating designs on the screen which
students do by following the instruction
E.g. preparing a recipe in cooking class.
2. Simulation
In this learning the computer language through gaining and simulation. Certain simulation
are concerned with science experiments in which outcomes can be got using the computer.

Controlled learning
 This programme is concerned with drill and practice activities supplementary
to the prescribed curriculum in any subject area. A controlled learning
programme provide a course of study in an instructional sequence on the
pattern of branching program.

#In CAI the role of teacher has changed from the traditional method of delivering lecture to a
supervisor or a guide.
#The role of teacher is very important in teaching learning process.
# CAI increase the scope and quality of contribution of teachers. In CAI the teacher has to play
so many roles like computer engineer, lesson writer and system operator.
ROLE OF TEACHER

> Used for handling a large body of students using computer terminals
and as many as 4,000 students can be instructed simultaneously with
this instructional procedure and by the time sharing technique.
ADVANTAGES

>Provide a highly flexible branching in instruction for looking after the
pace, entry cognition and level of knowledge suitable for a particular
student.
> In CAI, the simultaneous testing of each individual can be done by the
computer thus relieving the teacher from dull chores of correction and
record keeping.

>Students cannot cheat during testing by a computer.
> CAI provide the multi -dimensional learning through words, graphic and
problem solving statement.
> The high storage capacity allows many programme or course at a time for
students.

 A computer also work as an aids in independent study schemes based upon
reference work. The information about specific topic can be stored in computer
memory and retrieved by student for reference.

* CAI lack the human and emotional factors which are available in
normal classrooms in which teacher is present to interact with his
students.
* Computers are very costly pieces of equipment and beyond the reach
of most schools in our country.
LIMITATIONS OF CAI

 With excessive use of CAI, artistic competence of students takes a
backseat.
 Some studies have proved that CAI produces more mental and physical
fatigue as compared to other methods of instructions.
 It does not help in developing the language proficiency which depends
more on direct experiences with reality.

*As the student cannot interact with a computer in human language, the
mechanical response by punching keys can become dull and frustrating.
*Testing by computer is done by multiple choice questions, the
problems concerns value judgements cannot be tested by computer.

Any use of computer to
aid that support the
education or training.
DEFINITION

In the 1980s, the first computer assisted learning become available to university students looking
for an alternative to the traditional textbook. These programs used only digital files transferred
to CD-ROM to give students highly portable and accessible learning materials. As technology
grow and with the introduction of the internet, information on CAL programs become more
interactive, reflecting a social need for flexible learning outcomes.
HISTORY

• Choose a relevant topic.
• Decide the cognitive level of the students, aimed by the module i.e.
Knowledge, understanding or problem solving.
• Decide the computer assisted learning mode to be used.
• Develop CAL sequence in the form of ‘frames’
I- introductory frame gives directions to the learner.
L-learning frame present the matter to be learnt.
T-test frame test the learner and gives appropriate feedback.
PROCESS OF CAL

> Revalidates the CAL by sharing them with peers and students and get
feedback. “To easy, rigid, difficult or boring” parts need to be revised.
> Get the written CAL module convert to a computer program.
> Do post validity of the CAL program and make corrections if needed.
> Release CAL unit for learners to use and learn.

 Computer can be used for gather information and for learning
in nursing education. They can be used in basic nursing
education and graduate level.
In addition they can be used in continuing education programs
and in service education.
NURSING EDUCATION SETTING USING
COMPUTER

Tremendous growth in human knowledge and increase in the amount of information to be
learned.
Increased understanding of the teaching learning process.
Increased diversity in the setting where nursing is practiced. Need for nurses to have skill
that allow them to continue learning throughout their professional careers.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE
IMPORTANT OF CAL

* CAL is ideal for distant learning such as the open university as you don’t need a lot of
teacher contact.
* The student can learn in their own pace which is different than the traditional approach were
everyone learns together at same pace.
* CAL generate a positive attitude in students.
* Programs can be put to DVD or internet so people can get hold to content easily.
ADVANTAGES OF CAL

< Need a computer for computer assisted learning.
< Computer based learning lowers the teacher’s role.
< The nurse educator must have knowledge about the use of computer.
< CAL lack the human & emotional factor.
< CAL provides more mental & physical fatigue as compared to other method of
instruction.
DISADVANTAGES OF CAL

Today we discussed about:-
Computer assisted instruction and computer assisted learning
# definition
# origin
# principles
# types of software's
# web- based learning
# advantages and disadvantages
# role of teacher
SUMMARY

Computer assisted instruction and computer assisted instruction

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