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Computer mediated communication
- 1. Computer Mediated Communication BoutkhilGuemide University Mohammed Boudiaf, M’sila
- 2. INTRODUCTION The rapiddevelopment of information and communication technologies: The social and cultural transformation and even social interaction, A corresponding growth in interest in computer- mediated communication (CMC), 1980s: Teachers and learners engage with the possibilities of CMC for language teaching and learning.
- 3. Computer Mediated Communication Computer- Mediated Communication: (CMC) is any form of communication between two or more individuals who interact and/ or influence each other via separate computers through the Internet, or a networked connection- using software. CMC does not include the methods by which two computers communicate, but rather how people communicate via computers.
- 4. “Any communication… mediated through the computer" (Metz, 1992, p. 3). Walther and Burgoon (1992): “… CMC is … a communication channel through which much of our business and social interaction takes place…" (p. 51). Communication that uses some kind of computer device as the channel for successful interaction. A process of interactions between individuals through electronic means. The process whereby messages are electronically transmitted from senders to receivers in both asynchronous (e.g., e-mail, discussion forums, etc.) and synchronous (Internet relay chat, videoconferencing, etc.) setting. The broader context of communicating in digital spaces such as email, chat, or other messaging systems.
- 5. Examples of Computer-Mediated Communication Email Network communication Instant messaging Text messaging Hypertext Distance learning Internet Forums Online shopping Videoconferencing
- 6. The processby which people create, exchange, and perceive information using networked telecommunications systems that facilitate encoding, transmitting, and decoding messages. Jones (1995): It is the space within which the relations occur and the tool that individuals use to enter that space. Shaft, Martin, and Gay (2001): CMC is human- to- human communication using networked computer environments to facilitate interaction. It is an umbrella term for all kinds of interpersonal (private and public) communication carried out on the Internet by e-mail, instant messaging systems, mailing lists, newsgroups, web discussion boards, Internet Chat, and web chat channels.
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- 9. CMC promotesself- discipline and requires students to take more responsibility for their own learning. Using CMC, instructors can vary a course's instructional design to include everything from structured projects to open projects in which students are free to work on problem solving.
- 10. CMC promotesan equalization of users: Because CMC is, at present, primarily text-only, the consequent reduction in social cues leads to a protective ignorance surrounding a person's social roles, rank, and status.
- 11. Computer- mediatedtechnology provides tools that are useful in promoting collaborative learning activities that can mediate communication between learners. Furthermore, asynchronous discussions allow students to collaborate with each other in an exchange of opinions, experiences, and interpretations of course content.
- 12. Advantages Vs. Disadvantages AdvantagesDisadvantages 1. Computer mediated communication breaks down geographical barriers to communication enabling collaboration through communication over distance. 2.People can exchange, store, edit, broadcast, and copy any written document. They can send data and messages instantaneously, easily, at low cost, and over long distances. 3. Messages can be sent to groups of any size and can be programmed. 4. Few Status and Position Cues: Software for electronic communication is blind with respect to the vertical hierarchy in social relationships and organizations. Once people have electronic access, their status, power, and prestige are not communicated as in face to face situations. 1. Inhibitions related to computer/ technology use; problems with access to the technology. 2. More time consuming 3. Absence of Regulating Feedback, lack of socio-emotional and nonverbal cues (often referred to as cues filtered out). In face to face communication, head nods, smiles, eye contact, distance, tone of voice, and other nonverbal behavior give speakers and listeners information they can use to regulate, modify, and control exchanges. 4. The lack of true human contact. Electronic communication tends to seem impersonal. Communicators must imagine their audience, for at a terminal it almost seems as though the computer itself is the audience. Messages are depersonalized, inviting stronger or more uninhibited text and more assertiveness in return
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- 15. Asyncronous Communication Asynchronous activitiesare independent of real-time and are comprised of activities, such as, viewing a web page, composing an Electronic Mail (e-mail), watching a video clip, or dowloading a file.
- 16. Include anythingthat is text -based, uses ICT as a technological base and can be used for two way transmission of ideas. Examples of CMC can include: Emails, Mailbases, shared network group folders, discussion boards (forums), frequently updated hyperlinked webpages.
- 17. Benefits ofasynchronous discussions include: Opportunities to think about course content and to address a diverse set of topics in more depth than can be done in class or in asynchronous environment, Allowing students to conceptualize a topic from multiple viewpoints and to contribute to each other’s understanding (Weasenforth et all, 2002).
- 18. Synchronous Communication Synchronousactivities occur concurrently between two or more users including such real- time applications as chat rooms, or instant messaging which allow users to interact simultaneously through text, audio, and video with other users located anywhere in the world.
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- 20. It provides anopportunity for students who are more familiar with the technology to introduce some of the abbreviations and emoticons used in chat to their less experienced peers.
- 21. Impose orderon the discussion when required. The lecturer’s role in a chat also includes that of moderator. Whereas in face-to-face, one’s authority can be underlined by raising one’s voice, In chat you can use upper case to make your point more forcefully.
- 22. Which CMC shouldwe use? The major factors in selecting a CMC medium is “should the communication be synchronous or asynchronous?” This decision should be based on the following criteria: Can all of the participants meet at the same time? Is the activity time- dependent (i.e. to fit in with a teaching program)? If so, then a synchronous medium is most appropriate. Are the participants part- time students/ spread across time zones? Is the subject matter one which requires in-depth analysis and response? If so, then an asynchronous medium is most appropriate.
- 23. The use ofCMC Educators often categorize the use of instructional CMC in three ways: For conferencing Informatics Computer- Assisted Instruction (CAI)
- 24. Informatics: Libraryonline public access catalogs (OPACs), interactive access to remote databases, program/data archive sites (e.g., archives of files for pictures, sound, text, movies), campus-wide information systems, wide- area information systems, and information managers.
- 25. Computer- Assisted Instruction(CAI) Computer- Assisted Instruction (CAI): instruction or remediation presented on a computer. It improves instruction for students with disabilities because students receive immediate feedback and do not continue to practice the wrong skills.
- 26. Computers capturethe students’ attention because the programs are interactive and engage the students’ spirit of competitiveness to increase their scores. Also, computer assisted instruction moves at the students’ pace and usually does not move ahead until they have mastered the skill.
- 27. Online Discussions Onlinediscussions are “a key feature of computer conferencing” (Murphy and Collins 1997). Currently, both asynchronous and synchronous computer conferencing have been widely used in distance learning courses. When online discussion becomes part of learning activities in both asynchronous learning courses and primarily face-to-face courses, does it promote active student learning?
- 28. Harasim (1990)suggests several key differences between computer-mediated and face-to-face discussions: Time dependence, place dependence, the structure of communication and richness of communication, Larkin-Hein (2001): “The use of online discussion groups offers a relatively new avenue through which the learner can take an active role in the learning process.”
- 29. Althaus (1997)stated that, “In theory, online discussions help more students learn better by placing them in an intellectual environment that encourages active, thoughtful, and equal participation from … .”
- 30. Thomas’ (2002): “Online discussion forumspromote high levels of cognitive engagement and critical thinking”.
- 31. However, the virtual learningspace of an online forum promotes coherent and interactive dialogue necessary for conversational modes of learning.
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