Concept and Method for Energy Efficient Building: an Overview

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2941
CONCEPT AND METHOD FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING: AN
OVERVIEW
Sanghsheel Ghodeshwar1, Mukesh Pandey2, Rakesh Gupta3
1M.Tech Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
2 Professor & Head, Dept. of Department of Civil Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
3 Assistance Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Abstract– Study for step towards to achieve sustainability.
This Paper is dealing with the energy and comfort issue in
residential and real estate sector without affecting the
nature. Challenge is the planet facing various problems like
global climate change, environmental contamination, foul
air and depletion of resources, due to increasing amount of
carbon element in nature which helps in reducing the
resources and affects human health. Building itself contain
more than 40% of energy, 30% of natural resources, 20% of
water, also 40% of CO2 emission and produce 30% of solid
waste[1]. This paper is concerning about energy and
atmosphere, sustainable sites, indoor environment quality,
water efficiency, material and resources, with adopting
techniques like proper designing, orientation, using energy
efficient materials, proper insulation with maximize the use
of renewable resources and achieves various measures to
save energy, resources as well environment health.
Key Words: Energy Efficient, Buildings, Sustainability,
Environment, Depletion.
1. INTRODUCTION
As in increasing demands in development and
advancement energy is the necessity for regulating the life
style in planet. Because rapid growth in urbanization and
population, a huge demanded comes in the real-estate.
Building is both, the higher consumption of resources and
well the greater cause for environment depletion. A
requirement of Energy is everywhere and the dependency
is belongs to non-renewable resource like fossil fuel. Fossil
fuels are most responsible for the environmental
depletion as they are major factors for emission of
greenhouse gasses in environment. Emission of green gas
will increase by 52% in the duration from 2005 to 2050.
On other hand emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) are
excepted to climb by 78% [2]. In present situation there is
95% of total world energy is made by resources like fossil
fuels, coal, oil, and natural gas. For energy generation, -
process of combustion take place by several techniques
and energy is release major by products are carbon
dioxide and residual like fly ash. Environment
contamination, specially air, global climate change and
resource depletion are the greatest drawback of those
heavy fossil fuels. High sulfur coal found with sulfur leaves
sulfur dioxide causes acid rain and large amount of
particulates form of fly or bottom ash which must be
disposed of or recycled.
Nuclear is another option for generating energy as it does
not release carbon dioxide, and often considered the
desirable alternative for coal, but generates various by
products during all phase of energy production and last
product are radioactive waste they emits high energy
radiations such as gamma rays. Causes long term damage.
So, need for research in the way that getting the approach
toward energy production by natural resources, proper
conservation and smart utilization. Thus, providing a
better way for generate the energy without effecting the
ecosystem. Most using non-renewable energy source are
oil, coal, natural gas and atomic or nuclear energy. There
are limits to those energies if we used to much they all can
used up, there were none left. Also, the effect of using
resources is most responsible for environment depletion
through various byproducts, as well high cost and dense
availability. Make sure should not use as much. Whereas
the renewable energy resources like sunshine, wind, water
and plants, flow of energy from those resources never
stop. So approach is to use more as natural resources as
possible. Building and construction sector itself consume
about 35-40% of total energy consumption. Therefore
utilizing the better remedy for environment degradation
and step toward to creating energy efficient buildings. A
building that uses much lower resources and energy
through construction to maintenance till removal without
compromising to comfort and reliability, gives the equal
output or more with same resource consumption also
provides much better quality of living with ecofriendly
environment. Understanding various benefits of energy
efficient buildings with respect to environment and health,
investment, waste reduction, water and energy
conservations. Mostly that, it is cost effective over
conventional buildings through its complete life. Various
energy innovative concepts like practicing with design,
architect and proper orientation of building shows
potential to conserve energy by using of more sky light at
day, and passive solar helps to maintain temperature
inside the building and reduce the energy required for
cooling and heating the structure. Energy efficient
buildings also concern with waste reduction, water
savings, types of material used and follows the recycle-
reuse-reduce pattern shows great resources saving object.

Installing various energy saving applications like solar
system may help to gain more sustainability.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Issue
Energy production and use promote some of the most long
lasting and significant effect on environment. Dependence
of fossil fuels for energy generation is shows the
hazardous impact on nature. As some relative study says
that around 76% of energy related carbon dioxide is
emitted by urban or cities through mode of transportation,
industry, structure and construction related action. While
some more studies have shown that construction
buildings and construction activities occupy 40% energy,
30% mineral resources and 20% water of the world‘s
resources. It also accounts for 40% CO2 emissions, 30%
solid wastes and 20% water pollution in the world [1].
2.2 Problem (Environment degradation)
Energy is the major key factor for development of any
nation, industrial, transportation, and residential
convenience are linked. Most energy consuming zone is
residential sector, Buildings are observed to be both, one
of the biggest consumer of energy and producer of
greenhouse gases. It has become a global issue. According
to the National Institute of Building Sciences (USA),
buildings generate 35 % of the carbon dioxide 49 %of the
sulfur oxide, and 25 % of the nitrogen oxide found in the
air, shows major contribution towards environment
depletion. Climate change resulting from atmosphere
resulting in increasing CO2, even seemly slight
temperature changes can cause change in weather
patterns, climate, melting of polar ice caps and sea level
rise, photochemical smog, high levels of atmospheric
ozone, destruction of ecosystem. Since buildings are
accountable for this scenario.
So the approach is to create energy in more sustainable
way that it full fills the necessity as well doesn’t
compromise with comfort, providing a better way for
generating energy to regulate the structures without
affecting the nature, hence influence to creating energy
efficient buildings. Energy efficiency is the utilization of
less energy to provide the same service. In contrast to
conventional buildings, energy efficient buildings seek to
use land and energy efficiently, conserve water and other
resources, and improve indoor and outdoor air quality.
Creates energy itself for regulating the structure
.maximize the use of recycled renewable materials and
renewable resources like sun, water, land and wind, and
contributes toward healthy environment.
Fig. 1 Objectives of energy efficient building
2.3 Benefits of energy efficient buildings
2.3.1. Environment and health:
Energy efficiency is a terrific resource, fastest and
cheapest way to significantly reduce energy requirement
and provides for numerous additional benefits. In addition
to reducing emissions, efficient buildings enhance energy
security and reduce dependence on oil and coal imports.
Greenhouse gas emissions undersized by energy saving
thus effectively addressing climate change and giving the
country greater reliability as a global environmental
leader. Well-planned efficient buildings result in expanded
medical advantages and higher profitability for occupants
because of better indoor natural quality. Lower energy
utilize can likewise bring about lower control power plant
contamination, improving local air and water quality,
serves green environment.
2.3.2. Value for money:
Energy efficient structures order higher premiums from
both purchasers and occupants and appreciate higher
inhabitance rates. Green structures, including energy
effective structures, are increasingly attracting building
tenants, owners, and users. Energy Efficiency force in
lower utility bills ad straight return on investment, making
it an excellent financial thought. Annual cost saving often
enlarges annual depreciation charges incurred.
2.3.3. Water conservation:
Green buildings consumes 40% to 80% (depending on the
range of measures adopted) lesser water compared to
conventional buildings. By utilizing ultra-low-flow

fixtures, dual plumbing systems and rain-water
harvesting, green building not only reduce their demand
for water use but also look at on-site supply options to
cater to its internal and external (landscape) water
demands.
2.3.4. Energy conservation:
Energy efficiency brings about lower energy use for the
same or, then again better quality outcome. It shields
against the expanding energy request from quick
urbanization and from top request deficiencies that
outcome in routine power cuts. India's business energy
utilization is anticipated to twofold by 2035. The nation
presently imports roughly 77 percent of its oil, 26 percent
of its flammable gas, and 15 percent of its coal. Energy
productivity will decrease dependence on energy imports
and limit the volatility seen in energy prices.
2.3.5. Waste reduction:
Green buildings generated lesser waste by employing
waste management strategies on site. For example
Construction waste consists primarily of lumber and
manufactured wood products (35 %), drywall (15 %),
masonry materials (12 %), and cardboard (10 %).
Although much of this material is recyclable, most of it is
deposited into landfills. Demolition generates large
amounts of materials that can be reused or recycled—
principally wood, concrete and other types of masonry,
and drywall. Rather than demolishing an entire building,
all or part of a building can be deconstructed. []
Fig. 3 Benefits of energy efficient building
Thus objective is to design such homes with maximum
comfort and cost prospective. Building which satisfy LEED
benchmark.
2.4 LEED:
Leadership in energy and environment design is such
platform which shows transparency to sustainability.
Sustainable development has been defined as
‘development which meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs’ 1.
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
(LEED) Green Building Rating System is an India-specific
and internationally accepted benchmark for the design,
construction and operation of high-performance green
buildings. In India, the Indian Green Building Council
(IGBC) provides LEED ratings to structures and aims to
make the country one of the leaders in green buildings by
the year 2015. The Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment (GRIHA) is the National Rating System of
India. It has been conceived by TERI (The Energy and
Resources Institute) and developed jointly with the
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of
India. It is a design evaluation system for green building
and is intended for all kinds of buildings across every
climatic zone in India.[3]
Fig. 2 LEED credit criteria
2.5 Various concepts for getting energy efficient
in building:
2.5.1. Site selection:
Although site selection is usually based on price, a poor
decision can preclude several sustainable features. Making
the most out of what the site has to offer can be the
difference between a high performance building and
Traditional one. Heating costs can reduce through
windows by Transmission of sunshine. Heat loss from the
building can be reduced By selecting a location sheltered
from the wind, trees nearby, adjacent buildings or
surrounding hills are may be the part of shelters, if shelter

not exists planting trees or shrubs are the option with
time. Measures influence the selection of a site.
Availability of the natural advantages
Availability of the electric power
Available means of communication.
Climatic condition
Contours of the area
Development of the surrounding area
Drainage of the area
Facility available for the sewage disposal
Fertility of the soils
Frequency of the floods
Growth of the trees
Nature of the soil
Position of the streams and lakes
Water resources
2.5.2. Orientation and passive solar:
Proper orientation is important to serve with natural
lighting, heat gains and proper wind blow. Have to design
home to use of solar passive design, movement of sun
relation to block selection and home design. Maximize the
sun to living areas by putting them on north-side it is best
to face utility. In summer sun-it is high on the sky, by
design home correctly it can shaded home in summer,
with shading device keeping them cool. In winter the sun
is large in the sky that means the sun can penetrate
through the windows to interior creating heat gain and
reducing the need of artificial heating. Shading is
important for winter and sun to heat gain and protect
from sun rays. Remember to install in correct angles.
Covered open space commonly should be placed on south
side of house these receive the winter sun. A covered area
on north-side means sunlight cannot penetrate into house
reducing warmth and natural lights.
2.5.3. Walls and roof:
It is essential to build with proper insulation and
technique. The envelop of a building determines the
amount of energy needed to heat and cool it. The challenge
in designing foundation, roof and wall to conductivity heat
and loss gain. The expanded polystyrene doped with
graphite shell be adopted for better thermal insulation,
thermal conductivity 20% lower than ordinary
polystyrene with the polystyrene insulation thickness of
some exterior wall up to 20 cm and the roof up to 29 cm.
Thermal insulation effect is extremely good, the industrial
manner is used for the reformation of exterior wall.
2.5.4.. Waste reduction:
Energy efficient architecture also seeks to reduce waste of
energy, water and materials during construction. One goal
should be to reduce the amount of material going to
landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the
amount of waste generated by occupants as well, by
providing on-site solution such as compost bins to reduce
matter going to the landfills
2.5.5. Water savings:
There are numerous approaches to spare water i.e.
through preservation, active rainwater catchment and
through ground water recharging system. These strategies
effectively deal with the utilization of water utilizes. Use of
water meter conforming to ISO standards should be
installed at the inlet point of water uptake and at the
discharge point to monitor the daily water consumption.
The measures keeping in mind such as Install flow
restrictors between the supply line and the kitchen and
bathroom faucets to limit water waste, Shower heads and
faucets use less water than current federal standards,
High-efficiency toilet or dual –flush toilets, uses much less
water than 1.6 gallons of average flush on current model,
Reusing water on toilets providing separate supply lines
for reclaimed water, auto control valves, drip irrigation or
Sprinkler irrigation, rain water harvesting, shows great
result towards resource and water savings.
2.5.6. Window and ventilation technology:
A variety of blinds, shutters and windows are used for
shading, heat preservation and heat insulation. Three
layer of hollow glass window are used of low emissivity
and filled with inert gasses, thermal insulated materials
are used outside the window to insulate the heat.
Ventilation should be provided fresh air, remove moisture,
odors and pollutants. Stale air is usually extracted from
rooms such as kitchens and bathrooms, and warmed fresh
air supplied to living rooms and bedrooms. While
minimizing the uncontrolled flow of air into the building.
2.5.7. Heating, air conditioning and navigation:
Reducing the heat load of the structure allows for the
installation of a smaller heating and cooling system. The
importance of high quality ventilation systems is often
overlooked during the design phase; much electricity is
consumed by the air conditioning system during summer
days. Cooling technique includes use of natural
ventilations, ceiling fans, atria and stairwell towers,
evaporative cooling systems for dry climates,
dehumidification systems, and geothermal cooling and
heat pump systems. The heat from the interior building
can effectively remove with the methods without the use
of energy-intensive conventional air conditioning
systems.{4 pdf}. Thermal mass-thermal mass is the ability
to absorb, store and release heat. Thermal is heavy weight
construction such as concrete or brick but need to be used
as interior to work as thermal mass, it may help to
moderate the indoor temperature during winter sundown
into living room, heat is stored into the thermal mass as
air inside cools during the night, the heat is re-release by
thermal mass back into the room help to maintain interior

temperature requiring less heating. During the day, air
inside the house warms up it is absorb by slab which is
cooler because of contact with cooler Earth keeps interior
temperature cooler, at night the air inside cools, the heat
from slab move back into the room, its important the
breeze-wise can be used to cool the house by opening
windows and doors.by the use of air lock techniques on
entry of home these creates buffer from the internal and
external environment helps to reduce the energy required
for heating and cooling.
2.5.8. Material used- easily recycle and reused
materials which are selected looking in to their local
availability, benefits, cost and durability. Making the
approach towards waste utilization and environment
friendly.
2.5.8.1. Lime:
Lime replaces the cement in construction; it is cheap,
easily available. Provides good air quality by absorbing
carbon dioxide and emitting oxygen to atmosphere,
reducing the room temperature by 4 to 5 0C as compare to
cement. Durability is good and gets strengthen by time to
time.
2.5.8.2. Sand lime bricks:
Sand Lime Bricks replaces the traditional bricks in the
market of development industry. The principle
constituents of sand lime blocks are sand, lime, fly ash,
water. Utilizing sand we can accomplish the adhesiveness
to hold the particles together. Its brittleness causes to
reused it and reuse in different works. Sand brick is more
durable than conventional brick.
2.5.8.3. An Eco friendly tile:
An Eco-friendly tile replaces the ordinary ground surface
and uses less energy in their creation. Tile enhances
execution of indoor condition quality. They are accessible
according to the customer prerequisite in different
patterns and furthermore simple to put. They are cheap
with compare to conventional tiles. Made from locally
available materials that produced on the construction site
so that it transportation charges are diminished. And lay
directly on floor as similar to plastering work.
2.5.8.4. Colored lime plasters:
Though low VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) paints are
available but by using colored lime plaster as paint it
reduces the painting for whole structural life. It is
maintenance free, washable, and water resistant. Its
sparkle and shininess increase as time passes.it provide
better aesthetics look as compare to conventional paint
work. It is very cheap and long lasting including three
coats of plaster.
2.5.9. Energy efficient appliances:
Use of energy efficient and eco-friendly appliance reduces
utility cost. While purchasing new electrical appliances
always look for BEE star rating. More stars indicate more
efficiency. The small additional initial installation cost will
be compensated many times over by the savings and the
occupants comfort.
2.6. SOLAR ENERGY CONCEPT-ROOF TOP SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM:
Solar energy is the form of electromagnetic radiation
streams in through the atmosphere on the surface of Earth
providing energy at the rate of about 1KW per square
meter at the place of peak intensity.
On average, one square meter on the side of the
Earth falling the sun receives 1400 W (joule per second).
In a 24-hour period the total amount of energy reaching
the upper atmosphere is 14.4million calories. On third of it
is reflected back into space by cloud cover, and the rest
travelling through atmosphere, power the wind and water
cycle and derives the Earth’s climate. The total sunshine
entering the atmosphere every year is equivalent to 500,
000 billion barrels of oil or 800, 000 billion metric tons of
coal on a bright sunny day in the northern latitudes when
the sun is at highest point about 1000 watt per square
meter reaches the ground on cloudy days, it can be as low
as 200 W per square meter. If the conversion efficiency is
15%, 6.5 square feet of photovoltaic material is needed to
power a 100-watt light bulb.
One of the best features of housetop sun based PV
system is that they can be allowed and introduced quicker
than different types of renewable power plants. Sunlight is
directly converted into electricity by photovoltaic or solar
cell. They are clean, spotless, calm and visually attentive.
Housetop PV system might be introduce top of most large
building, with bigger terrace. The solar power generated
in excess of the owner’s electricity consumption is fed into
the grid through a net-meter, which is a bi-directional
energy meter. PV installation in home ownership projects
are usually 1.5-5KW, which can offset 40-90% of
electricity use, depending upon the home size and
occupant’s energy use. Anticipated increase in energy
costs can make these systems a cost-effective investment
for owners with a ten-year or longer time horizon.
The following advantages can be achieved by
using roof top photovoltaic system:
1. Solar tracking systems are used to continually
orient photovoltaic panels towards the sun, as a result of
which it will increases the effectiveness of panel and
generates more power.

2. The space necessity for a solar park can be
diminished, despite the fact that they keep up a similar
yield.
3. The payback time of the investment is
detracting.
fig. 4 conceptual of energy efficient building
3. COST EFFECTIVE:
Energy efficient building could cost slighter higher than
conventional buildings may be its laying between 3-8%
more and it often not worth the extra cost. But there is
need to be seeing in a different way like Energy efficient
building provides financial benefit like it has more benefit
and long lasting life than conventional building. As the
expectations of recovery of extra investment will be
fulfilled within 2 to 3 years including all service and
maintenance cost as well. The weight and area covered by
energy efficient building is lesser than conventional
building so the construction cost of conventional building
is lower than energy efficient building but, due to efficient
envelops, systems and lighting which are recommended
by ECBE made it more costly than conventional building,
once ECBC becomes compulsory, there will no extra cost.
4. CONCLUSIONS
Through the studies, it is necessary to adopt the energy
efficient concept for saving the environment depilation.
Energy efficient buildings reduce consumption of energy
over its lifetime by numerous ways.. by the use of energy
efficient method are introduce to deal with the problem of
environment and energy loss that will able to creating and
maintaining the structures without undergoing any loss
and give benefit of making building energy efficient. It is
clear with above studies that by working with several
smart technologies like site selection, heating and cooling
system, waste reduction, water savings and material used
while working with renewable energy, natural resources
and using concept like solar water may lead to
tremendous advancement in environment and health,
value for money, water and energy conservation and
waste management issue, shows It is cost effective as
shows quick access money repayment and resource saving
application. Helps to reduce the carbon elements and
hygienic residual in nature, thus contribute towards
healthy environment.
REFERENCES
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Kaustav Mallick, Green Buildings Overview and Analysis of
Energy Efficient Building, International Journal of Recent
Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
(IJRREEE), 3(1), 2016, 41-49.
[2] OECD. (2008). Climate change: Meeting the challengeto
2050. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from
OECD:http://www.oecd.org. M. Young, The Technical
Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science,
1989.
[3] Ronglan Zhang, A Review of Building Energy Efficiency
Technology, Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 2015, 353-
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[4] Jignesh C sailor, Himanshu A naik, and Viralkumar I.
makwana, Green building, ledearship in energy &
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Raundal, Sushma J. Prajapati, and Uday J. Phatak
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