Conditionals Presentation for English 9.ppt

CONDITIONAL
CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES
SENTENCES

3 MAIN TYPES:
3 MAIN TYPES:
First, second and third
conditional

First Conditional
First Conditional
If I see Andrew at the meeting, I'll give him your message.
PRESENT SIMPLE FUTURE SIMPLE
USE: To talk about something that is quite likely
to happen in the future. It is very possible that I
will see Andrew at the meeting, in which case I'll
give him your message. The condition is quite
likely to be fulfilled. For presenting future plans,
real possibilities, steps in an argument, points in a
procedure, predictable consequences,
instructions.

Second Conditional
Second Conditional (Hypothetical)
(Hypothetical)
If my parents were alive, they would be very proud of me now.
PAST SIMPLE WOULD + INFINITIVE
USE: To talk about a present situation which is impossible, a hypothetical
situation. The situation cannot be fulfilled because my parents are not
alive.
If she changed her job, she'd be much happier.
USE: To talk about a future event which is unlikely to happen. The
speaker doesn`t expect her to change her job. That is, it is unlikely that
the condition will be fulfilled.
What would happen if…?

Third Conditional
Third Conditional
If she
If she had worked
had worked harder, she
harder, she would have passed
would have passed her exams.
her exams.
PAST PERFECT WOULD + PERFECT INFINITIVE
USE
USE: To talk about something that might have
happened in the past, but didn`t. She didn`t work hard
enough and, consequently, she didn`t pass her exams.
It also expresses excuses, regrets and blame for past
events.
What would have happened if…?

The zero conditional
The zero conditional
(factual)
(factual)
What happens if…?
What happens if…?
If I
If I stay
stay out late, I always
out late, I always take
take a taxi home.
a taxi home.
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE
USE: To describe something that is generally true. The use of if
here is very similar to when. For presenting habits, general truths,
rules, typical patterns, correlations.
We can also use the past simple in the two clauses.
If I stayed out late, I always got a taxi home.

Conditional Sentences:
Conditional Sentences:
Variations in tenses
Variations in tenses
First Conditional
First Conditional:
: The if clause is usually in the present
The if clause is usually in the present
simple. However, we can also use:
simple. However, we can also use:
 Present continuous
Present continuous:
:
If he's still
If he's still waiting
waiting for you, he'll be very angry.
for you, he'll be very angry.
 Present perfect simple:
Present perfect simple:
If Rob's
If Rob's received
received your letter, he'll phone you.
your letter, he'll phone you.
 Present perfect continuous
Present perfect continuous:
:
If it's
If it's been raining
been raining all night, you'll have to wear boots.
all night, you'll have to wear boots.
 Can:
Can: If I
If I can finish
can finish work early, I'll help you.
work early, I'll help you.
 Should
Should:
: If I
If I should see
should see him, I'll tell him the news.
him, I'll tell him the news.

The main clause usually has the verb
The main clause usually has the verb will / shall.
will / shall.
But we can also use:
But we can also use:
 Going to:
Going to:
If Helen passes her exams, I'm
If Helen passes her exams, I'm going
going to buy her a present.
to buy her a present.
 Future continuous:
Future continuous:
If we book this holiday, we
If we book this holiday, we'll
'll be lying
be lying on the beach in two weeks` time.
on the beach in two weeks` time.
 Future perfect
Future perfect:
:
If they win the next match, they'
If they win the next match, they'll have won
ll have won every match in the season.
every match in the season.
 Imperative:
Imperative:
If you need me,
If you need me, call me.
call me.
 Can / could, may / might, should / ought to,
Can / could, may / might, should / ought to,
must
must
If you don't eat your dinner, you
If you don't eat your dinner, you can't
can't have an ice cream.
have an ice cream.

Tense variations in conditional 2
The if clause usually takes the past simple. However,
it is also possible to use:
 Past continuous:
Past continuous:
If you were coming with me, I`d give you a lift.
If you were coming with me, I`d give you a lift.
 Could
Could
If I could have the day off, I`d go with you.
If I could have the day off, I`d go with you.
Were / was to:
Were / was to:
If you were to ask Steve, I`m sure he would do it.
If you were to ask Steve, I`m sure he would do it.

The main clause usually has the modal would
+ infinitive. However, the modals
+ infinitive. However, the modals could
could and
and
might
might are also used and the infinitive can
are also used and the infinitive can
be in the continuous form:
be in the continuous form:
 If we had more money, we
If we had more money, we wouldn`t be living
wouldn`t be living
here.
here.
 If we had more money, we
If we had more money, we could go
could go out more.
out more.
 If you asked Tony, he
If you asked Tony, he might do
might do it for you.
it for you.

The if clause is usually in the past perfect simple.
The if clause is usually in the past perfect simple.
However, we can also use the
However, we can also use the past perfect
past perfect
continuous
continuous or
or could + perfect infinitive.
could + perfect infinitive.
If he
If he had been travelling
had been travelling in the car, he would have
in the car, he would have
been killed too.
been killed too.
If we
If we could have
could have got a taxi, we would have come
got a taxi, we would have come
round to see you.
round to see you.

+ perfect infinitive. However, we can also
+ perfect infinitive. However, we can also
use the modals
use the modals could
could and
and might
might + perfect
+ perfect
infinitive.
infinitive.
If I had known there was no more work to do,
If I had known there was no more work to do,
I
I could have stayed
could have stayed in bed.
in bed.
If the ambulance had come sooner, he
If the ambulance had come sooner, he might
might
have been saved.
have been saved.

MIXED C
MIXED CONDITIONALS
 If-clauses can be mixed provided that they make sense within a context.
If-clause Main clause
Main clause
Type 3
Type 3 If she
If she had worked
had worked harder
harder
at university,
at university,
She
She would have
would have a degree
a degree
now.
now.
Type 2
Type 2
(she didn`t work hard at
(she didn`t work hard at
university
university
so she doesn`t have a
so she doesn`t have a
degree now. )
degree now. )
Type 2
Type 2 If I
If I were
were faster,
faster, I
I would have
would have won the
won the
race.
race.
Type 3
Type 3
(I´m not fast
(I´m not fast so I didn´t win the race.)
so I didn´t win the race.)
Type2
Type2 If they
If they were studying
were studying all
all
morning,
morning,
they
they will be
will be tired now.
tired now. Type 1
Type 1
(they were studying
(they were studying so they are tired now.)
so they are tired now.)

Words other than if
Unless
Unless I won`t go out unless he comes too.
I won`t go out unless he comes too.
Even if
Even if Even if it rains, we`ll go to the match.
Even if it rains, we`ll go to the match.
If only
If only If only I had money, I would go out more.
If only I had money, I would go out more.
As/so long as
As/so long as You can use the car as long as you take care of
You can use the car as long as you take care of
it.
it.
On condition
On condition
(that)
(that)
I`ll lend you the car on condition that you take
I`ll lend you the car on condition that you take
care of it.
care of it.
Provided /
Provided /
providing
providing
(that)
(that)
I`ll lend you the car provided that you take care
I`ll lend you the car provided that you take care
of it
of it.
.
Assuming
Assuming
(that)
(that)
Assuming that you take care of the car, I`ll lend
Assuming that you take care of the car, I`ll lend
it to you.
it to you.

Suppose /
Suppose /
supposing (that)
supposing (that)
Suppose you had a lot of
Suppose you had a lot of
money, would you give up
work?
work?
What if
What if What if you had a lot of
What if you had a lot of
work?
work?
Imagine
Imagine Imagine you had a lot of
Imagine you had a lot of
work?
work?
In questions….

IMPLIED CONDITIONALS
Conditions are not always expressed in the form of
conditional clauses, particularly in spoken English.
They can be expressed in another way or they
may be evident from the context. The rules for the
verb usage are still followed in the result clause
(main clause).
He committed the crime, otherwise he wouldn’t have been
arrested. (implied conditional)
If he hadn’t committed the crime, he wouldn’t have been arrested.
I would have stayed longer, but he didn’t ask me to.
(implied conditional)
I would have stayed longer if he had asked me to.

Inversion
Inversion
 If the first verb in a conditional
If the first verb in a conditional if clause
if clause is
is
should, were
should, were or
or had,
had, we can leave out
we can leave out if
if and
and
put the verb at the start of the clause. We do
put the verb at the start of the clause. We do
this particularly in formal or literary English.
this particularly in formal or literary English.
 Should
Should any of this cost you anything, send me the
any of this cost you anything, send me the
bill (If any of this should…)
bill (If any of this should…)
 It would be embarrassing
It would be embarrassing were
were she
she to find out
to find out the
the
truth. (… if she were to find out…)
truth. (… if she were to find out…)
 Had
Had they
they not rushed
not rushed to hospital, Dan would have
to hospital, Dan would have
died. (If they hadn`t rushed…)
died. (If they hadn`t rushed…)

We use
We use if it was / were not for + noun
if it was / were not for + noun to say
to say
that one situation is dependent on another
that one situation is dependent on another
situation.
situation.
 If it
If it wasn`t / weren`t for the fireman
wasn`t / weren`t for the fireman, my dog would
, my dog would
have died in the fire.
have died in the fire.
 If it hadn`t been for my parents
If it hadn`t been for my parents, I wouldn`t have gone to
, I wouldn`t have gone to
university.
university.
We also use
We also use but for + noun
but for + noun with a similar
with a similar
meaning:
meaning:
 But for Jim`s support
But for Jim`s support, I wouldn`t have got the
, I wouldn`t have got the
job.
job.

 In real conditional sentence, we use
In real conditional sentence, we use
If… happen to,
If… happen to,
If … should,
If … should,
If … should happen to
If … should happen to
to talk about something that may be possible
to talk about something that may be possible
but is not very likely:
but is not very likely:
 If you happen to be in our area, drop in and see
If you happen to be in our area, drop in and see
us.
us.
 If you should be in our area, …
If you should be in our area, …
 If you should happen to be in our area, …
If you should happen to be in our area, …

Polite requests
Polite requests
We can use
We can use if… will
if… will in requests:
in requests:
o If you will take
If you will take your seats, ladies and gentlemen,
your seats, ladies and gentlemen,
we can begin the meeting.
we can begin the meeting.
 if you want to make a request more polite,
if you want to make a request more polite,
you can use
you can use if…would:
if…would:
o If you would take
If you would take your seats, …
your seats, …

Now let's sing
Now let's sing
some conditionals!
some conditionals!

Conditionals Presentation for English 9.ppt

Conditionals Presentation for English 9.ppt

More Related Content

Similar to Conditionals Presentation for English 9.ppt

More from DesireeDominguez8

Recently uploaded

Conditionals Presentation for English 9.ppt