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Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood due to myocardial changes, categorized into four stages from high risk without symptoms to end-stage with severe symptoms at rest. Common causes include cardiac pathologies, hypertension, infections, endocrine and nutritional disorders, toxins, certain drugs, severe anemia, and obesity. The document also emphasizes the importance of non-pharmacological treatments.
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Congestive Heart Failure
- 1. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE Prepared by: Ms.Shivanee Vyas Assistant Professor
- 2. Congestive heart failureis a chronic progressive condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic need of the body because of pathological changes in the myocardium.
- 3. Etiopathogenesis of CHF DevelopmentStages of Heart Failure 1. Stage A: At high risk for heart failure but without structural or functional heart disease or signs or symptoms of heart failure. Hypertension, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, use of cardiotoxins, and family history cardiomyopathies may lead to Stage A. 2. Stage B: Structural or functional heart disease but without signs or symptoms of heart failure. 3. Stage C: Structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of heart failure. It may include known structural heart disease, shortness of breath, fatigue, and decreased exercise tolerance. 4. Stage D: End-stage heart failure. It shows marked symptoms at rest despite maximal medical therapy and requires specialized treatment interventions.
- 4. • Common Causesof Heart Failure: 1. Cardiac pathologies e.g., coronary artery disease (CAD), tachyarrhythmia, 2. Hypertension. 3. Infections, e.g., Rheumatic fever, sexually transmitted diseases, pneumonia. 4. Endocrine disorders e.g., Diabetes, hypo/hyperthyroidism, adrenal disorder, 5. Nutritional disorders, e.g., Deficiency of thiamine, selenium, iron, calcium, phosphate, L-carnitine, cachexia. 6. Toxins, e.g., Alcohol, trace elements, and illicit drug use such as cocaine, and cannabis. 7. Drugs, e.g., Beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, antiarrhythmics, chemotherapy agents. 8. Severe anemia. 9. Obesity.
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