Conjunctions
( Conjunctions )

3
1. Coordinating Conjunctions
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
3. Correlative Conjunctions
1. Coordinating Conjunctions

and
but
nor

as well as
for
or

Coordinate Conjunctions

yet
1.1

colleges and universities quickly and beautifully
pretty and intelligent fish and chips.
1.2

Going to a dance or to a movie.
1.3

Her parents decided to postpone
their trip to Los Angeles, for the weather was
threatening.
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
(Subordinate
(Independent Clause)

Clause)
after
although
as
as if
whereas

because
before if
since
unless
whether

even though
in order
that
until
while

even if
that
though
when
as soon as

He works as if he were a machine.
Since the road was slippery, John decided to stop
at that motel.
He won’t pass the exam unless he studies harder.
3. Correlative Conjunctions

Coordinating
Conjunctions

both…..and
not only…..but also
as…..as

neither…..nor
either…..or
so…..as

That novel is both good and cheap.
Sue is not only a good dancer but also an
accomplished singer.
Neither you nor I understand this notice.
Conjunctive Adverbs
Coordinating Conjunctions Conjunctive Adverbs
;
,
,
accordingly
also
besides
consequently
so
yet

for example
for instance
however
in addition
still

in fact
instead
meanwhile
moreover
then

nevertheless
or else
otherwise
therefore
thus

That handbag is just what I am looking for; however, I
don’t have enough money.
There are many earthquakes in Japan, so they don’t
build tall buildings.
1.

(
Addition )

actually
again
and
also
then

besides
certainly
indeed
moreover
furthermore

likewise
similarly
on top of that
above all
in fact

He is not only tired but also hungry.

as a matter of fact
in addition (to)
not only…..but also
both…..and
neither…..nor
2.

( Alteration )
or
alternatively

either…..or
on the other hand

My daughter writes letters or sends e-mail to me
every week.
That boy can either stay here or leave now.
3.

( Reason/Cause and Result )
- as long as
because
since
owing to
then
thus
- as a result
hence
accordingly
for this reason
therefore
consequently
because of this
I will lend you my textbook as long as you keep it

clean.
Tom was sick; consequently, he didn’t come to your
birthday party.
4.
as…..as
likewise
correspondingly
in a like manner

( Comparison )
as if
similarly
just as
in the same way

as though
equally
just the same as
in the same manner

As my income increases, my expenditure correspondingly
increases.
5.

( Conclusion and Summary )

finally
in short
in conclusion
in summary

after all
in brief
to conclude
to summarize

all in all
briefly
on the whole
to sum up

In short, John is broke.
On the whole, Mr. Bush is a good administrator.
6.

if
unless
when
while

( Condition )

as long as
suppose
supposing
supposing that

only if
on the condition that
provided that
assuming that

When I go to the post office, I always buy new
stamps.
I’ll accept his invitation provided that you go with
me.
7.
Contrast/Opposition and Concession )
however
still
but
instead
rather
after all
by contrast

nevertheless although
nonetheless though
alternatively while
conversely
whereas
otherwise
yet
for all that
even so
at the same time

(
in contrast
of course
on the other hand
on the contrary
in spite of that
in spite of the fact that

You should do the homework; otherwise you’ll be punished.
Anne is careful whereas Kathy makes a lot of mistakes.
8.
especially
including
particularly

( Exemplification )
for example
such as
chiefly

for instance
as follows
mainly

People use personal computers for many things, for
example, shopping, visiting the library or working.
First of all the ingredients such as flour, sugar, fat and
water, are put into a mixing machine.
9.

also
really

( Emphasis )

indeed
actually

certainly
particularly

in fact
in particular

Our friends also enjoy popular music.
In fact, he didn’t come to English class.
10.
of all

( Sequence )
- first
in the first place
in the beginning
- second
then
after that

firstly
to begin with
to start with
secondly
subsequently
furthermore

first
initially
originally
next
after
meanwhile
- in the meantime

as soon as

meanwhile
shortly after that simultaneously
- eventually finally
in the end
lastly
at last
to conclude
in conclusion
In the beginning, everything seemed to be difficult for
me.
After the conference, we mentioned that matter to him

again.
As soon as John arrived, it rained.
11.
Restatement/Clarification )
or
specifically

briefly
in other words

(
in the end
that is the way

The doctor advised my friend specifically not to eat
spicy food.
1. You can come to the meeting ______ you don't say
anything.
a. so that
b. for
c. as long as
d. until
e. as if
Correct 
Incorrect 
2. I'm not leaving ______ I get an apology from you.
a. so that
b. as long as
c. yet
d. until
e. but
Correct 
Incorrect 
3. I came her ______ you could give me an explanation.
a. that
b. after
c. as long as
d. as
e. as if
Correct 
Incorrect 
4. Bob is very tall ______ Bill is very short.
a. so that
b. because
c. as long as
d. until
e. though
Correct 
Incorrect 
5. You look ______ you've seen a ghost.
a. so that
b. since
c. as long as
d. until
e. as soon as
Correct 
Incorrect 
6. I refuse to pay anything ______ you do the work
properly.
a. so
b. as long as
c. then
d. until
e. also
Correct 
Incorrect 
7. I'm going shopping for food this evening ______
I don't have to go at the weekend.
a. so that
b. still
c. as long as
d. yet
e. as if
Correct 
Incorrect 
8. You look ______ you haven't eaten for a week.
a. again
b. as long as
c. beside
d. until
e. then
Correct 
Incorrect 
9. I came early ______ I could talk to you privately.
a. so that
b. yet
c. as long as
d. because
e. or
Correct 
Incorrect 
10. ______ I don't think she's perfect for the job, she's
certainly better qualified than Steve.
a. as
b. then
c. as long as
d. until
e. as if
Correct 
Incorrect 
11. I don't mind if you go out for lunch ______ you're
back for the meeting at two.
a. if
b. as long as
c. still
d. until
e. although
Correct 
Incorrect 
12. Are you OK? You look ______ you have a problem.
a. so that
b. as
c. however
d. but
e. as if
Correct 
Incorrect 
13. ______ the job is very interesting, it's also very
badly paid.
a. even so
b. after all

c. as long as
d. until
e. as if
Correct 
Incorrect 
14. We'll go to the mountains on Saturday ______ it
doesn't rain.
a. so that
b. as long as
c. nonetheless
d. instead

e. whereas
Correct 
Incorrect 
15. The winters here are very cold ______ the summers
are very hot.
a. finally
b. after all

c. as long as
d. until
e. unless
Correct 
Incorrect 
16. You can write the report when you want ______ it's
ready by the end of the month.
a. as though
b. as long as

c. likewise
d. because
e. as if
Correct 
Incorrect 
17. It looks ______ the government has got a lot of
problems.
a. so that
b. besides

c. actually
d. again
e. as if
Correct 
Incorrect 
18. I want Mary to be in charge ______ I get back from
holiday.
a. then
b. as long as

c. above all
d. until
e. and
Correct 
Incorrect 
19. ______ I don't approve of what you did, I'm not
going to punish you for it.
a. finally
b. just as

c. as long as
d. likewise
e. briefly
Correct 
Incorrect 
20. I'm learning English ______ I can get a better job.
a. so that
b. if
c. as long as
d. until
e. as if
Correct 
Incorrect 
21. Her car is being repaired at the garage, _______
she has to go to work _______ taxi.
a. so … by
b. for … in

c. neither … with
d. after … in
e. as …by
Correct 
Incorrect 
22. He did not study for his examination, ______ he
passed it with good grades.
a. however
b. nor

c. as if
d. for
e. yet
Correct 
Incorrect 
23. ______ the time I finished one report, my boss had
given me three more.
a. With
b. At

c. After
d. On
e. By
Correct 
Incorrect 
24. Nor only was he good at English _______ at
mathematics.
a. so
b. as

c. but also
d. for
e. and also
Correct 
Incorrect 
25. _______She is ready , we can go.
a. If
b. While
c. Unless
d. As if
e. When
Correct 
Incorrect 
26. Tom asked what he knew about the story ______
the pictures.
a. but
b. and

c. for
d. too
e. as
Correct 
Incorrect 
27. He is learning English ______ he can get a better
and more interesting job.
a. so
b. so that

c. although
d. when
e. since
Correct 
Incorrect 
28. ______ you think of all the people who could have
got the job, it seems ridiculous that he was chosen.
a. So
b. If

c. Although
d. When
e. Finally
Correct 
Incorrect 
29. I'm going to buy a new Beetle, ______ I do think
they are over-priced.
a. so
b. so that

c. although
d. when
e. since
Correct 
Incorrect 
30. ______ you're next in Chicago, give me a call.
a. So
b. While
c. Unless
d. When
e. Since
Correct 
Incorrect 
Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and,
because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.
31. Things were different _____ I was young.
32. I do it _____ I like it.
33. Let us wait here _____ the rain stops.
34. You cannot be a lawyer _____ you have a law
degree.
35. That was years _____ years ago.

next

answer
Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and,
because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.
36. She has not called _____ she left last week.
37. I saw him leaving an hour _____ two ago.
38. This is an expensive _____ very useful book.
39. We were getting tired _____ we stopped for
a rest.
40. He was angry _____ he heard when happened.

next

answer
Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and,
because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.
41. Walk quickly _____ you will be late.
42. He had to retire _____ of ill health.
43. We will go swimming next Sunday _____ it's
raining.
44. I heard a noise _____ I turned the light on.
45. Would you like a coffee _____ tea?

next

answer
Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and,
because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.
46. Do you know _____ she will arrive?
47. _____ the car is old it still runs well.
48. Do you want a pen _____ a bit of paper?
49. I would like to go _____ I am too busy.
50. She will die _____ the doctors operate
immediately.

next

answer
31. Things were different __when__ I was young.
32. I do it __because__ I like it.
33. Let us wait here __until__ the rain stops.
34. You cannot be a lawyer __unless__ you have a
law degree.
35. That was years __and__ years ago.

next

question
36. She has not called __since__ she left last week.
37. I saw him leaving an hour __or__ two ago.
38. This is an expensive __but__ very useful book.
39. We were getting tired __so__ we stopped for
a rest.
40. He was angry __when__ he heard when
happened.

next

question
41. Walk quickly __or__ you will be late.
42. He had to retire __because__ of ill health.
43. We will go swimming next Sunday __unless__
it's raining
44. I heard a noise __so__ I turned the light on.
45. Would you like a coffee __or__ tea?

next

question
46. Do you know __when__ she will arrive?
47. __Although__ the car is old it still runs well.
48. Do you want a pen __and__ a bit of paper?
49. I would like to go __but__ I am too busy.
50. She will die __unless__ the doctors operate
immediately.
.6/3

30

Conjun (1)

  • 1.
  • 2.
    ( Conjunctions ) 3 1.Coordinating Conjunctions 2. Subordinating Conjunctions 3. Correlative Conjunctions
  • 3.
    1. Coordinating Conjunctions and but nor aswell as for or Coordinate Conjunctions yet
  • 4.
    1.1 colleges and universitiesquickly and beautifully pretty and intelligent fish and chips. 1.2 Going to a dance or to a movie. 1.3 Her parents decided to postpone their trip to Los Angeles, for the weather was threatening.
  • 5.
    2. Subordinating Conjunctions (Subordinate (IndependentClause) Clause) after although as as if whereas because before if since unless whether even though in order that until while even if that though when as soon as He works as if he were a machine. Since the road was slippery, John decided to stop at that motel. He won’t pass the exam unless he studies harder.
  • 6.
    3. Correlative Conjunctions Coordinating Conjunctions both…..and notonly…..but also as…..as neither…..nor either…..or so…..as That novel is both good and cheap. Sue is not only a good dancer but also an accomplished singer. Neither you nor I understand this notice.
  • 7.
    Conjunctive Adverbs Coordinating ConjunctionsConjunctive Adverbs ; , , accordingly also besides consequently so yet for example for instance however in addition still in fact instead meanwhile moreover then nevertheless or else otherwise therefore thus That handbag is just what I am looking for; however, I don’t have enough money. There are many earthquakes in Japan, so they don’t build tall buildings.
  • 8.
    1. ( Addition ) actually again and also then besides certainly indeed moreover furthermore likewise similarly on topof that above all in fact He is not only tired but also hungry. as a matter of fact in addition (to) not only…..but also both…..and neither…..nor
  • 9.
    2. ( Alteration ) or alternatively either…..or onthe other hand My daughter writes letters or sends e-mail to me every week. That boy can either stay here or leave now.
  • 10.
    3. ( Reason/Cause andResult ) - as long as because since owing to then thus - as a result hence accordingly for this reason therefore consequently because of this I will lend you my textbook as long as you keep it clean. Tom was sick; consequently, he didn’t come to your birthday party.
  • 11.
    4. as…..as likewise correspondingly in a likemanner ( Comparison ) as if similarly just as in the same way as though equally just the same as in the same manner As my income increases, my expenditure correspondingly increases.
  • 12.
    5. ( Conclusion andSummary ) finally in short in conclusion in summary after all in brief to conclude to summarize all in all briefly on the whole to sum up In short, John is broke. On the whole, Mr. Bush is a good administrator.
  • 13.
    6. if unless when while ( Condition ) aslong as suppose supposing supposing that only if on the condition that provided that assuming that When I go to the post office, I always buy new stamps. I’ll accept his invitation provided that you go with me.
  • 14.
    7. Contrast/Opposition and Concession) however still but instead rather after all by contrast nevertheless although nonetheless though alternatively while conversely whereas otherwise yet for all that even so at the same time ( in contrast of course on the other hand on the contrary in spite of that in spite of the fact that You should do the homework; otherwise you’ll be punished. Anne is careful whereas Kathy makes a lot of mistakes.
  • 15.
    8. especially including particularly ( Exemplification ) forexample such as chiefly for instance as follows mainly People use personal computers for many things, for example, shopping, visiting the library or working. First of all the ingredients such as flour, sugar, fat and water, are put into a mixing machine.
  • 16.
    9. also really ( Emphasis ) indeed actually certainly particularly infact in particular Our friends also enjoy popular music. In fact, he didn’t come to English class.
  • 17.
    10. of all ( Sequence) - first in the first place in the beginning - second then after that firstly to begin with to start with secondly subsequently furthermore first initially originally next after meanwhile
  • 18.
    - in themeantime as soon as meanwhile shortly after that simultaneously - eventually finally in the end lastly at last to conclude in conclusion In the beginning, everything seemed to be difficult for me. After the conference, we mentioned that matter to him again. As soon as John arrived, it rained.
  • 19.
    11. Restatement/Clarification ) or specifically briefly in otherwords ( in the end that is the way The doctor advised my friend specifically not to eat spicy food.
  • 21.
    1. You cancome to the meeting ______ you don't say anything. a. so that b. for c. as long as d. until e. as if
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
    2. I'm notleaving ______ I get an apology from you. a. so that b. as long as c. yet d. until e. but
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
    3. I cameher ______ you could give me an explanation. a. that b. after c. as long as d. as e. as if
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
    4. Bob isvery tall ______ Bill is very short. a. so that b. because c. as long as d. until e. though
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
    5. You look______ you've seen a ghost. a. so that b. since c. as long as d. until e. as soon as
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
    6. I refuseto pay anything ______ you do the work properly. a. so b. as long as c. then d. until e. also
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
    7. I'm goingshopping for food this evening ______ I don't have to go at the weekend. a. so that b. still c. as long as d. yet e. as if
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
    8. You look______ you haven't eaten for a week. a. again b. as long as c. beside d. until e. then
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
    9. I cameearly ______ I could talk to you privately. a. so that b. yet c. as long as d. because e. or
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
    10. ______ Idon't think she's perfect for the job, she's certainly better qualified than Steve. a. as b. then c. as long as d. until e. as if
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
    11. I don'tmind if you go out for lunch ______ you're back for the meeting at two. a. if b. as long as c. still d. until e. although
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.
    12. Are youOK? You look ______ you have a problem. a. so that b. as c. however d. but e. as if
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
    13. ______ thejob is very interesting, it's also very badly paid. a. even so b. after all c. as long as d. until e. as if
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
    14. We'll goto the mountains on Saturday ______ it doesn't rain. a. so that b. as long as c. nonetheless d. instead e. whereas
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
    15. The wintershere are very cold ______ the summers are very hot. a. finally b. after all c. as long as d. until e. unless
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.
    16. You canwrite the report when you want ______ it's ready by the end of the month. a. as though b. as long as c. likewise d. because e. as if
  • 67.
  • 68.
  • 69.
    17. It looks______ the government has got a lot of problems. a. so that b. besides c. actually d. again e. as if
  • 70.
  • 71.
  • 72.
    18. I wantMary to be in charge ______ I get back from holiday. a. then b. as long as c. above all d. until e. and
  • 73.
  • 74.
  • 75.
    19. ______ Idon't approve of what you did, I'm not going to punish you for it. a. finally b. just as c. as long as d. likewise e. briefly
  • 76.
  • 77.
  • 78.
    20. I'm learningEnglish ______ I can get a better job. a. so that b. if c. as long as d. until e. as if
  • 79.
  • 80.
  • 81.
    21. Her caris being repaired at the garage, _______ she has to go to work _______ taxi. a. so … by b. for … in c. neither … with d. after … in e. as …by
  • 82.
  • 83.
  • 84.
    22. He didnot study for his examination, ______ he passed it with good grades. a. however b. nor c. as if d. for e. yet
  • 85.
  • 86.
  • 87.
    23. ______ thetime I finished one report, my boss had given me three more. a. With b. At c. After d. On e. By
  • 88.
  • 89.
  • 90.
    24. Nor onlywas he good at English _______ at mathematics. a. so b. as c. but also d. for e. and also
  • 91.
  • 92.
  • 93.
    25. _______She isready , we can go. a. If b. While c. Unless d. As if e. When
  • 94.
  • 95.
  • 96.
    26. Tom askedwhat he knew about the story ______ the pictures. a. but b. and c. for d. too e. as
  • 97.
  • 98.
  • 99.
    27. He islearning English ______ he can get a better and more interesting job. a. so b. so that c. although d. when e. since
  • 100.
  • 101.
  • 102.
    28. ______ youthink of all the people who could have got the job, it seems ridiculous that he was chosen. a. So b. If c. Although d. When e. Finally
  • 103.
  • 104.
  • 105.
    29. I'm goingto buy a new Beetle, ______ I do think they are over-priced. a. so b. so that c. although d. when e. since
  • 106.
  • 107.
  • 108.
    30. ______ you'renext in Chicago, give me a call. a. So b. While c. Unless d. When e. Since
  • 109.
  • 110.
  • 111.
    Fill in theblanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when. 31. Things were different _____ I was young. 32. I do it _____ I like it. 33. Let us wait here _____ the rain stops. 34. You cannot be a lawyer _____ you have a law degree. 35. That was years _____ years ago. next answer
  • 112.
    Fill in theblanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when. 36. She has not called _____ she left last week. 37. I saw him leaving an hour _____ two ago. 38. This is an expensive _____ very useful book. 39. We were getting tired _____ we stopped for a rest. 40. He was angry _____ he heard when happened. next answer
  • 113.
    Fill in theblanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when. 41. Walk quickly _____ you will be late. 42. He had to retire _____ of ill health. 43. We will go swimming next Sunday _____ it's raining. 44. I heard a noise _____ I turned the light on. 45. Would you like a coffee _____ tea? next answer
  • 114.
    Fill in theblanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when. 46. Do you know _____ she will arrive? 47. _____ the car is old it still runs well. 48. Do you want a pen _____ a bit of paper? 49. I would like to go _____ I am too busy. 50. She will die _____ the doctors operate immediately. next answer
  • 115.
    31. Things weredifferent __when__ I was young. 32. I do it __because__ I like it. 33. Let us wait here __until__ the rain stops. 34. You cannot be a lawyer __unless__ you have a law degree. 35. That was years __and__ years ago. next question
  • 116.
    36. She hasnot called __since__ she left last week. 37. I saw him leaving an hour __or__ two ago. 38. This is an expensive __but__ very useful book. 39. We were getting tired __so__ we stopped for a rest. 40. He was angry __when__ he heard when happened. next question
  • 117.
    41. Walk quickly__or__ you will be late. 42. He had to retire __because__ of ill health. 43. We will go swimming next Sunday __unless__ it's raining 44. I heard a noise __so__ I turned the light on. 45. Would you like a coffee __or__ tea? next question
  • 118.
    46. Do youknow __when__ she will arrive? 47. __Although__ the car is old it still runs well. 48. Do you want a pen __and__ a bit of paper? 49. I would like to go __but__ I am too busy. 50. She will die __unless__ the doctors operate immediately.
  • 119.