Conjunctions

Conjunctions

• 1.
  Conjunctions
• 2.
  AND • Join twowords or clauses when they are equal and their meaning go well together. • E.g. Every evening mom walks. • Every evening Dad jogs. • Every evening mom walks and Dad jogs.
• 3.
  BUT • Join twoclauses when their meaning contrast with each other. • E.g. My brother enjoys playing hockey. • I dislike games. • My brother enjoys playing hockey but I dislike games.
• 4.
  OR Join clauses toshow that only one of the choices will take place. • You must do some exercise. • You will grow fat. • You must do some exercise or you will grow fat. • We can go to the zoo. • We can visit the museum. • We can go to the zoo or we can visit the museum.
• 5.
  3 or morethan 3 clauses case • When we use and/or to join three or more clauses, we use comma & and/or. • E.g. I’ll sing. You will dance. • She will play piano. He will jokes. • I’ll sing, you will dance, she will play piano and he will jokes.
• 6.
  because & becauseof to answer the question ‘why?’ • because +subordinate clause • to give the reason for what is state in the main clause. • Why did she cry? • She cried because (it was painful). • because of + noun = adverbial phrase • Why did she cry? • She cried because of the pain. • The nouns can have an article or possessive pronoun before it. noun
• 7.
  because & so(can’t use together) We use’ because’ to give the reason for something • I was late because I missed the bus. • She didn’t go out because she was busy. We use ‘so’ to describe the result of an action or situation • I missed the bus, so I was late. • She was busy, so she didn’t go out.
• 8.
  Common mistakes • Everyonelikes her because of she is friendly. • I am sweating because of hot. • He rested it’s because he had a headache. • Because Anna had a headache, so she went straight to bed. • She’s angry, so he lied to her.
• 9.
  Although (can’t useit with but) • We use although to link sentences that are about different or opposite ideas. • At the beginning • Although she wasn’t invited, she came to the party. • E.g. Although I tried, I couldn’t do the exercise. • In the middle • She came to the party although she wasn’t invited.
• 10.
  when & while •when + the thing happening 1st = subordinate clause • The main clause tells the thing happening slightly late. • We use while to connect two things happening at the same time. • We often use the same tense for the main clause and the subordinate clause beginning with while. • to connect two things
• 11.
  when • The lionroared when it saw the hunters). (slightly late) (happening 1st ) main clause subordinate clause
• 12.
  while • Len wasswimming while Andy was fishing. • Len swam while Andy fished. • Swimming and fishing were happening at the same time. past continuous tense simple past tense
• 13.
  Exercise Time
• 14.
  Study the followingsentences and underline the word or words which are unnecessary. • 1. Although she was tired but she went to work. • 2. Because I liked him, so I tried to help him. • 3. I have got a friend who he works in a pub. • 4. The guy that she married him is an old friend of mine. • 5. Though he is fat still he runs fast.
• 15.
  • 6. Ashe is fat, so he runs slowly. • 7. If he works hard, then he will win. • 8. As I fired at the tiger at that time he shook my hands. • 9. Because he is clever, therefore he gets good marks. • 10. Until you do not try, you must be punished.
• 16.
  Correct the followingsentences. • 1. She was upset, because didn’t know what to do. • 2. As you know, that I work hard. • 3. Unless you do not try, you will not win. • 4. No sooner I had spoken, than he left. • 5. Neither he comes nor he writes. • 6. Not only he will go, but also he will remain there.