CONJUNCTIONS

than
although
and
for
then
since
wherever
nor
whetherwhile
before
because
even though
All of these words, and many more,
are conjunctions !!!
but
or
yet
so
until
where
if
Let us take a closer look . .
unless

What is Conjunctions?
O Conjunction is the name for those
common words that are used to join
(conjoin) parts of sentences. Also,
conjunctions may be used to begin
certain sentences.
O In grammar, a conjunction (abbreviated
CONJ or CNJ) is a part of speech that
connects words, sentences, phrases,
or clauses

Coordinating Conjunctions
O also called coordinators, are
conjunctions that join, or coordinate, two
or more items (such as words, main
clauses, or sentences) of equal syntactic
importance.
O In English, the mnemonic
acronym FANBOYS can be used to
remember the
coordinators for, and, nor, but, or, yet,
and so

When to Use Each
Coordinating Conjunction:
O Reason
Coordinating Conjunction
O To communicate addition and
O To communicate contrast but,
yet
O To communicate a result/effect so
O To communicate a reason/cause for
O To communicate a choice or
O To communicate a negative choice nor
O Use them between two independent clauses.

Here are some examples of coordinating
conjunctions in English and what they
do:
O For – presents rationale ("They do not
gamble or smoke, for they are ascetics.")
O And – presents non-contrasting item(s) or
idea(s) ("They gamble, and they smoke.")
O Nor – presents a non-contrasting negative
idea ("They do not gamble, nor do they
smoke.")

O But – presents a contrast or exception ("They gamble,
but they don't smoke.")
O Or – presents an alternative item or idea ("Every day they
gamble, or they smoke.")
O Yet – presents a contrast or exception ("They gamble, yet
they don't smoke.")
O So – presents a consequence ("He gambled well last
night, so he smoked a cigar to celebrate.")

Sample sentences
OEx. He only wears striped ties and polka dotted bow
ties. ( And joins two words.)
OEx. The shoes were not blue suede nor black
leather. (Nor joins two phrases.)
OEx. It wasn’t a costume party, yet many came
dressed as literary villains. (Yet joins two
independent clauses.)

Subordinating Conjunctions
O also called subordinators, are
conjunctions that join an independent
clause and a dependent clause, and also
introduce adverb clauses

Most common subordinating
conjunctions
O after
O although
O as
O as far as
O because
O since
O unless
O so that
O until
O when
O as if
O as long as
O as soon as
O as though
O before
O even if
O whereas
O wherever
O while
O in order that

Examples of Subordinating
Conjunctions
O As Sherri blew out the candles atop her
birthday cake, she caught her hair on fire.
O Sara begins to sneeze whenever she
opens the window to get a breath of fresh
air.
O When the doorbell rang, my dog Skeeter
barked loudly.

O Pete didn’t go to work yesterday because he was
ill. [reason]
O As he was feeling unwell, Pete didn’t go to work
yesterday. [cause, reason; more formal than because]
O I’ll lend you a map so that you can find the place more
easily. [reason]
O I’ll call you as soon as I get home. [time]
O I’ll wait until you arrive. [time]
O Did he say anything before he left? [time]
O The baby gets very grumpy whenever he’s tired. [time]
O If he doesn’t change his attitude, he’ll lose his job. [condition]

O Even if you win a million dollars, it doesn’t mean you’ll be
happy. [condition]
O I’ll lend you my car, providing you promise to be
careful. [condition]
O Elliot is tall and blond, whereas his brother is short and has
dark hair. [comparison]
O Mark’s very tall, although he’s not as tall as his father
yet. [comparison]
O Although they’re poor, they’re happy. [concession]
O Even though he’s rich, I’m not sure that he’s
happy. [concession]

Correlative Conjunctions
O work in pairs to join words and groups of
words of equal weight in a sentence
O correlate, working in pairs to join phrases
or words that carry equal importance
within a sentence

Correlative Conjunctions List
O As / as
O Both / and
O Either / or
O Hardly / when
O If / then
O Just as / so
O Neither / nor
O Not only / but also
O No sooner / than
O Not / but
O Rather / than
O Scarcely / when
O What with / and
O Whether / or

Sample Sentences
O She is both intelligent and beautiful.
O I will either go for a hike or stay home and
watch TV.
O Jerry is neither rich nor famous.
O He is not only intelligent, but also very
funny.
O Would you rather go shopping or spend
the day at the beach?

1. _________ the basement flooded, we
spent all day cleaning up.
O After
O Although
O Before
O Even if

2. I don’t want to go to the movies ________
I hate the smell of popcorn.
O Although
O Because
O Whenever
O So that

3. I paid Larry, ___________ garden design
work is top-notch.
O Whenever
O Whose
O After
O If

4. ___________ spring arrives, we have to
be prepared for more snow.
O Because
O Until
O Although
O Now that

5. _____________ the alarm goes off, I hit
the snooze button.
O As soon as
O Because
O Before
O Now that

6. She is neither polite _______ funny.
O Or
O Nor
O Not
O Yet

7. _______ that is the case, _______ I’m
not surprised about what’s happening.
O If / then
O No sooner / than
O Scarcely / when
O Whether / or

8. Have you made a decision about
_______ to go to the movies _______ not?
O If / then
O Either / or
O Whether / or
O What with / and

9. _______ had I put my umbrella away,
_______ it started raining.
O No sooner / than
O If / then
O What with / and
O Neither / nor

10. _______ had I put my umbrella away,
_______ it started raining.
O No sooner / than
O If / then
O What with / and
O Neither / nor

CONJUNCTIONS

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CONJUNCTIONS