CONTEMPORARY WORLD

CONTEMPORARY WORLD

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  GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM Course Outcome 7
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  Effects of Globalization on Governments Lesson15
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  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At theend of the lesson the students will be able to explain the effects of globalization on governments.
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  Thank you 
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  CITIES IN AGLOBALIZING WORLD ALTHOUGH GLOBALIZATION CERTAINLY affects rural and peri urban areas, global forces are centered in cities.
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  DEFINITION OF TERMS •Global lnterstate System - Is an Institutional arrangement of governance that addresses regional or globalized issues that go beyond the scope of a nation-state (Chase-Dunn, 1981) • Internationalism - puts emphasis on diversity and celebrates multiculturalism, while globalism focuses more on the economic aspect of the exchanges among countries and society.
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  INTRODUCTION In a globalizedsociety, we observe a greater flow of capitals, goods, services, and people. This is supported by developments and modernization of transport, communication, and financial services in the world. However, with this, the traditional state system is now becoming limited to address globalizing issues and patterns. Internationalist thinkers argue that the key motivating principles of traditional state systems of power and sovereignty runs counter on the need for greater political and economic cooperation among different states and people (Daly, 1999). Thus, in this chapter, we will further unpack how globalization affects national governments and countries. We will also identify the global institutions that govern international relations. Here, we contend that these institutions include non-state organizations and private sector. Lastly, we will differentiate internationalism from globalism. Definitions of concepts are important in order for us to critically understand a certain phenomenon and as a basis of our opinion and review of such cases.
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  EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATIONON GOVERNMENTS As the world becomes more interconnected through politics, trade, and communications, the role of nation-states and government are also shifting. Thus. national and local policies are not only based on local context but also international and global realities. One example of a global treaty is the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, which aims to phase out the production of numerous substances responsible for ozone depletion, signed in August 26,1987 with 46 country signatories (US EPA,2017).A definitive evidence of the Montreal Protocol's success was discussed by NASA and projected that ozone levels will return to 1980 levels by 2032 (Watts, 2018). This is an example of how international agreements and efforts could fight borderless challenges and issues specifically by domesticating international norms.
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  EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATIONON GOVERNMENTS However, there is another side of globalization that negatively affects local governments and local communities. A local government would like to attract major global investors in their community by setting up for instance their manufacturing firm in the area. This could create jobs for the local people and generate income for local businesses. However, it entails converting tracks of agricultural land into an industrial zone. Farmers will be displaced and agricultural production of the area will be affected. The global corporation is also demanding lower taxes and lower income wage in order to finalize their investment in the area. They argue that they will create more jobs and more income from the local community and government. How could local governments balance improved economic performance and participation in the global economic scene without sacrificing local social and environmental well-being? Here, we see how local governments are heavily influenced by powerful corporate entities.
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  ACTIVITY 15 ESSAY. Letus think about how globalization affects government and nation-state. Scenario: Hawkes (2008) explained the "nutrition transition” happening in developing countries as an effect of globalization. This transition results in consumption of high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods which are high in fats and sugars resulting in rise of obesity and diet- related chronic diseases worldwide. What could be your policy advice to an international development agency like FAO and a government of a middle- income developing country on appropriate policies to mitigate the negative effects of nutrition transition on local stakeholders like farmers and poor ramilles7 What are your thoughts? (30 pts)
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  The Institutions that GovernInternational Relations and Internationalism from Globalism Lesson 16
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  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At theend of the lesson the students will be able to identify that govern international relations and differentiate internationalism from globalism.
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  INSTITUTIONS THAT GOVERN GLOBALIZATION Withthe growing globalization, the governance of global relations goes beyond nation-state governments. Nation-state governments' scale and scope are limited in addressing regional and global issues like climate change, cybercrime, and global financial crises. Works by authors like Dryzek (2012) and CastelIs (2008) show the growing emphasis on the role of non-state actors in global governance. These non-state actors include NGOs, advocacy networks, voluntary associations, and interest groups (Castells, 2008). Their congenial and more approachable strategies appeal the community and even other state actors and has a potential to organize across areas (Dryzek, 2012).
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  INSTITUTIONS THAT GOVERN GLOBALIZATION Theshift of authority to actors above and below the state is termed as "globalization" or "internal globalization" (Roudomentof, 2005: 113). As the role of the nation-state and governments shifted, participation of these new actors has opened up (Boli Thomas, 1999). One of the most renowned modern examples of the active role of non-state actors in global movements is in the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development. The world saw the most active and broadest role of non- state actors in pushing for more just and sustainable development (Bouman- Dentener Devos, 2015).
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  INSTITUTIONS THAT GOVERN GLOBALIZATION Thereare several institutions that govern international relations and affairs. First and foremost is the United Nations. With 192 member states, it is seen as the facilitator of global governance (Meyer, 2011). Another is regional commissions, which are group of officials from different countries that instruct and debate, and are in charge of making certain laws promulgate certain rights for economic and social development (CEPAL et al., 2015). Examples of these are the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), Economic Commission for Latin American and the Carribbean (ESCLAC), Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). and Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) (ibid).
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  INSTITUTIONS THAT GOVERN GLOBALIZATION TheWorld Bank (WB) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects, established during the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 and include other members like the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IRDB), International Development Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation (IFC), and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) (The World Bank, n.d.). These institutions provide loans to middle income countries and even private sectors in developing countries to create markets and improve local economies.
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  INSTITUTIONS THAT GOVERN GLOBALIZATION Otherexamples are listed in the table below.
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  ACTIVITY 16 Create acollage that depicts “A global citizen”. You need to prepare the collage artwork in a one-piece cartolina. You should reflect on the qualities and characteristics of a global citizen and what a global citizen does or is into. (30 pts)
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  Thank you 