Contemporary World Readings 2.pptx

Contemporary World Readings 2.pptx

• 2.
  Early in thetwenty-first century, the world produces enough food to feed the more than seven billion people who live there. billion. But during the years 2010–2012, almost 870 million people worldwide still experienced hunger. Long-standing research shows that merely having enough food to meet global demand does not guarantee the local level prevention of hunger and malnutrition.Despite this,the prevalent government rhetoric and approach to ensuring global food security continue to place too much emphasis on raising food production.
• 3.
  Across academic fieldsand problem areas, food security is frequently used. Generally, the lack of food The existence of hunger and malnutrition qualifies security, or the presence of food in security. On the other hand, food security is frequently linked to people's access to enough food to meet their needs. access to food on a local, national, and international scale. Despite the large number of definitional Globally speaking, academics, policymakers, and practitioners have discussed several types of food security adopted the concept's consecutive official definitions provided by the United Nations (UN) and its related institutions over the recent years. Throughout the 20th century, FAQ continuously updated its definition of food security.
• 4.
  The idea ofhuman security as a whole has grown to be closely related to food security. Despite the fact that there isn't a single, widely accepted definition of human security, the idea basically puts the protection of people and communities against a variety of threats coming from many sources. It requires Governments, international organizations, and other parties should expand their perspective on security by recognizing and tackling dangers to the freedoms from both fear and want in a holistic and integrated manner. This entails, first and foremost, protection from recurring risks like starvation, disease, and repression, according to the UNDP. And second, defense against abrupt and harmful changes in routines of daily life, whether in households,either at work or in communities.
• 5.
  The official conceptionof food security is criticized for a number of reasons, but most Devastatingly because of its disdain for the power dynamics that characterize food systems and its focus on a trade-based strategy to end hunger.
• 6.
  The future ofinternational food security depends on how states and other actors react to a variety of difficult, Food systems all throughout the world are being impacted by complex, linked forces. These systems include "interactions inside and between bio-geophysical and human contexts, which shape a set of activity;" the actual actions (from the point of production to the point of consumption);the results of the activities (contributions to environmental security, social welfare, and other factors that affect food security.
• 7.
  Most severely affectedby recent increases in food prices are individuals who reside in, or poverty is perilously close by. According to estimates, the global food price crisis of 2007–2008 may have caused as many as While the most recent global food price surge in 2010–11 may have contributed to the further enslavement of 100 million people, 44 million more people worldwide were condemned to a life of poverty and food insecurity (Rastello and Pugh, 2011). Small farmers, who frequently lack the resources, are negatively affected by abrupt and sharp spikes in food costs. to be able to quickly react to such price hikes in order to benefit from them.
• 8.
  The claim thatsudden and rapid spikes in global food prices are caused by a population that is gradually growing pricing seems questionable. However, this does not imply that significant demographic shifts that are now occurring. are unimportant to the world's food systems. The world's population is projected to reach seven billion people by the middle of the century. double the need for food, feed, and fiber to almost nine billion (FAO, 2009).
• 9.
  The total demandfor food at the worldwide level will increase due to an overall expanding population. level. Additionally, expanding urbanization and per capita food consumption are contributing to this. increasing demand Food consumption worldwide grew from 2,370 kcal per person per day in 1969–1971 to 3,050 kcal in 2017. to about 2,770 kcal per person daily in the years 2005–07. (Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012: 24).
• 10.
  The United Statesand the EU implemented a policy in 2004–2005 that resulted in a spike in global biofuel production. many laws and programs to increase the use of biofuel (USAID, 2009). Fast-growing biofuels In many nations around the world, solar energy is viewed as a significant way to lessen reliance on fossil fuels. as well as contributing to greenhouse gas emissions reductions, while also supplying energy to the expanding domestic demand for it emissions and promote rural development.
• 11.
  All four aspectsof food security—food availability, food accessibility, and food utilization—are impacted by climate change. and the security of food systems. Accordingly, "it [has] an impact on] human health, livelihood resources, and food." Channels of production and distribution, as well as shifting consumer trends and market flows.
• 12.
  One of thebiggest problems of the twenty-first century is now recognized to be the world's food security. The In recent years, there have been multiple instances of abrupt and dramatic spikes in the price of food globally, which has drawn attention. of governments and other actors on the susceptibility of the food systems to a variety of socioeconomic, environmental, and policy-related issues. Additionally,it's brought attention to how much Poor and disenfranchised groups, especially in emerging nations,are subject to the negative effects ofrising food costs, as well as domestic and international food and agricultural policies. Despite what the official definition Recognizing the issue of social and physical access to food, when operationalized, the concept of food security always puts the idea of economic access first.