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Corona virus
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- 2. CORONAVIRUS •Coronaviruses (CoV) area large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe disease such as Middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS- CoV) and SARS-CoV. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. spread of covid 19 (upto 4th March 2020)
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- 4. SYMPTOMS • SYMPTOMS MAYAPPEAR AFTER 2-14 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE • SHORTNESS OF BREATH • COUGH • FEVER • SORE THROAT DIAGNOSIS 1 REAL TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR : Initial diagnostic testing for COVID-19 is done by collecting and testing upper respiratory ( nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs ) and lower respiratory ( sputum) . It is 71 % sensitive method for diagnosis of COVID 19 2 COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: A routine imaging tool for diagnosis is fast and relatively easy to perform. Recent research found that the sensitivity of CT for COVID 19 infection was 98 % compared to RT-PCR. 3 Antibody test : The detection of antibody is done which is produced by SARS coronavirus infection. There will be different type(IgM & IgG) and different level of antibody present during course of infection example (detect mixture of IgM , IgG) 4 Cell culture: The samples are taken from respiratory secretion, blood or stool and are innoculated for cell culture . Virus is grown and isolated. Further test is carried out to detect SARS virus.
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- 7. POSSIBLE DRUG TARGETS 1Spike protein-based vaccine. • Development of a spike1 subunit protein-based vaccine may rely on the fact that ACE2 is the SARS-CoV-2 receptor. Currently the monoclonal antibodies REGN3048 and REGN3051 is under going human clinical trials 2 Inhibition of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) activity. • Initial spike protein priming by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is essential for entry and viral spread of SARS-CoV-2 through interaction with the ACE2 receptor The serine protease inhibitor camostat mesylate, approved in Japan to treat unrelated diseases, has been shown to block TMPRSS2 activity and is thus an interesting candidate. 3 Blocking ACE2 receptor. • The interaction sites between ACE2 and SARS-CoV have been identified at the atomic level and from studies to date should also hold true for interactions between ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2. APNO1 drug candidate working on these mechanism is currently under phase 1 clinical trials. 4 Inhibit Replication of viral RNA. • Remdesivir is currently in the clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment. From previous studies in MERS it is found that remdesivir stops genome replication.Favilavir is also approved for clinical trials.
- 8. 5 Inhibit virus/cellfusion : Chloroquine has been found to block the fusion of virus/cell by increasing endosomal pH . PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES •Avoid close contact with people suffering from acute respiratory infections. Maintain 3 feet distance. •Avoid consumption of raw and undercooked food and meat •Avoid frequent touching of eyes, nose and mouth. •Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces. •Avoid crowded places if possible or wear a mask. •Before travelling to other country or city check whether it is affected by virus or not. REFERENCES 1 https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/company-news/gilead-coronavirus- remdesivir-trial/ 2Li G, De Clercq E (2020) Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV). Nat Rev Drug Discov. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0 3 https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019