Corona virus MERS

Corona virus MERS

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  Coronavirus: Middle Eastrespiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS. CoV). Khaled Saad, MD
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  What are Corona viruses? •Coronaviruses are believed to cause a significant percentage of all common colds in human. Coronaviruses cause colds in humans primarily in the winter and early spring season. • Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds.
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  What are Corona viruses? •Five different currently known strains of Coronaviruses infect humans. The most made known human Coronavirus, is SARS. • A sixth was discovered last year, known as Novel Coronavirus 2012.
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  Origin of MiddleEast respiratory syndrome coronavirus The first confirmed case was reported in a 60- year-old male patient with acute pneumonia and acute renal failure, who died in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia on 24 June 2012.
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  Egyptian virologist Dr. AliMohamed Zaki isolated and identified a previously unknown coronavirus from the man's lungs. Dr. Zaki then posted his findings on 24 September 2012 on ProMED-mail.
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  A second casefound in September 2012. A 49 y old male in Qatar, the sequence of the virus was identical to that of the first case. In Nov 2012, similar cases in Qatar and Saudi Arabia. Additional cases were noted, with deaths associated, and rapid research and monitoring of this novel coronavirus began.
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  Transmission •On 13 February2013, WHO stated "the risk of sustained person-to-person transmission appears to be very low." The cells MERS-CoV infects in the lungs only account for 20% of respiratory epithelial cells, so a large number of virions are likely needed to be inhaled to cause infection. •As of 29 May 2013, the WHO is now warning that the MERS-CoV virus is a "threat to entire world.
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  Early research suggestedthe virus is related to one found in the Egyptian bat. In September 2012 Ron Fouchier speculated that the virus might have originated in bats. Recent work links camels to the virus. At least one of the people who have fallen sick with MERS was known to have come into contact with camels or recently drank camel milk. On 9 August 2013, a report in the journal The Lancet Infectious Diseases showed that 50 out of 50 (100%) blood serum from Omani camels and 15 of 105 (14%) from Spanish camels had protein-specific antibodies against the MERS-CoV spike protein. Natural reservoir
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  Transmission of MERS-Cov
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  According to the27 Mar 2014 MERS-CoV summary update, recent studies support that camels serve as the primary source of the MERS-CoV infecting humans, while bats may be the ultimate reservoir of the virus. Evidence includes the frequency with which the virus has been found in camels to which human cases have been exposed, seriological data which shows widespread transmission in camels, and the similarity of the camel CoV to the human CoV.
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  0n 4-May-2014 Infected: 480case Died: 133 Mortality rate: 28% http://coronamap.com/
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  How is Novel Coronavirus transmitted? •All the clusters of cases seen so far have been transmitted between family members or in a health care setting, the WHO said in an update . • Human-to-human transmission occurred in at least some of these clusters, however, the exact mode of transmission is unknown.
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  Symptoms of MERS-CoVinfection include renal failure and severe acute pneumonia, which often result in a fatal outcome. The first patient, in June 2012, had a "7- day history of fever, cough, expectoration, and dysnea." MERS has incubation period of 12 days. MERS may occasionally lead to pneumonia, either direct viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia. Signs and symptoms
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  Diagnosis Several highly sensitive, confirmatory real-timeRT_PCR assays exist for rapid identification of MERS- CoV from patient- derived samples (such as BAL or sputum)
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  Therapeutics *There are noknown treatments. interferon-α2b and Ribavirin combination do affect MERS-coV replication. *Camels, revealed high titers of neutralizing antibodies to MERS-CoV in the blood serum of these animals, providing an option for passive immunotherapy of patients with MERS. This option must be thoroughly explored before being considered as reliable.
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  Prevention Measures • Keepaway from someone with a heavy cough. • Use a tissue to cover the nose/mouth when coughing, sneezing, wiping and blowing noses. • If a tissue isn’t available, cough or sneeze into the inner elbow rather than the hand
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  Prevention Measures • Washhands with hot water and soap at least six or seven times a day • Disinfect common surfaces as frequently as possible. • Wash hands or use a sanitiser when in contact with common surfaces like door handles.
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  Thank you!