Coronavirus

Coronavirus

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  CORONAVIRUS Case Fatality Rate COVID-19 Causedby SARS-COV-2 Amandeep Singh Assistant Professor Department of Biotechnology GSSDGS Khalsa College Patiala
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  Animal Corona Virus GrowthTemperature: 37 degree Human Corona Virus Growth Temperature: 32-35 degree Human Body Airway’s Temperature: 32-35 degree Very suitable for Coronavirus to replicate Cooler area as compared to rest of the body So this is Animal Corona Virus that infected this time in 2019 to Humans.
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  HISTORY OF CORONAVIRUS(CoV) First time Coronavirus infected Humans in 2002-2004 in China. Bats Cats Humans Scientists named it as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) Second time Coronavirus infected Humans in 2012 in Saudi Arabia Bats Camel Humans Scientists named it as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) Third time Coronavirus infected Humans in December 2019 in China and now spreaded Worldwide. Bats Intermediate Animal Humans Scientists named it as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) Remember the disease Coronavirus caused is known as COVID-19
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  Disease Description • Virusname is SARS-CoV-2 • It is a Species of Coronavirus • Its Named as CoV-2 because it infected for the second time to humans. First in 2002 and now in 2019. • The disease it caused is named as COVID-19 (19 because it is reported in 2019)
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  Is Coronavirus issame as Influenza Virus? NO, But Respiratory Symptoms (fever, cough, shortness of breath) are same but both viruses are different. Why Animal Coronavirus causing disease and even death in humans? Because Animal Coronavirus have replication temperature of 37 degree, which is a normal human body temperature. While Human Coronavirus have replication temperature of 32 to 35 degree which is temperature of upper respiratory tract in mouth. Human Coronavirus are infecting humans for hundred of years but the damage was only upper respiratory disease. But this time in December 2019, Animal Coronavirus infected humans whose optimum growth temperature suits human body temperature.
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  Virus Incubation Period The“incubation period” means the time between catching the virus and beginning to have symptoms of the disease. Most estimates of the incubation period for COVID-19 range from 1-14 days, most commonly around 5 days.
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  Incorrect Information onSocial Media Information: The new corona virus do not show signs or symptoms for many day!! Incorrect, incubation period for virus is 1 to 14 days and at the time of 5th day, patient start developing symptoms. First symptoms will be fever and dry cough and then shortness of breath. Information: Person develop lung fibrosis within 2 or 3 days!! Incorrect, Fibrosis means damage to some tissue and then healing of that tissue with scar. AND Lung fibrosis means scaring of the lungs. Person can not develop scaring of the lungs within 2 to 3 days. Information: Hold your breath for 10 seconds, if you sneeze that is confirmation of corona virus infection!! Incorrect, It’s not even close to a confirmation test. Information: Keep seeping water to throw this virus from mouth to stomach, to be killed by gastric juice of stomach. Incorrect, Firstly it can not be washed by water as it is stucked in the epithelial cells of the mouth and even some are inside the cells. Moreover, the virus is surrounded by glycoprotein envelope that protect it from secretions of gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They survive in the whole GIT and pass-out in the stools and transmitted again from there. Information: Runny nose and sputum indicate you don’t have corona virus as it causing dry cough!! Somewhat incorrect, If a person is already infected with common cold and then coronavirus attacked in addition to that, then this condition is not true. It vary from person to person.
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  Incorrect Information onSocial Media Information: The virus is not heat resistant and it get killed in the temperature of 26 to 27 degree and it hates Sun!! All viruses hate Sun, as Sun has Ultraviolet rays which cause viruses to be killed. Coronavirus can replicate at 37 degree and therefore 26-27 degree temperature can not kill the virus. Information: If coronavirus drop on metal surface it can live for at least 12 hours. Virus need moisture to survive. On dry surface or if the surface is porous, then coronavirus tend to die quickly because water/moisture cannot retain there. On the other hand on plain surface like metal, where moisture stay for longer period, virus survive for long time. Moreover it depends upon the local environment as well. If the local environment is moist, then virus can live longer. Information: Drinking warm water or bathing with hot water is effective for all viruses!! Incorrect, Our body maintain its temperature at 37 degree via a mechanism known as homeostasis. So bathing with hot water can not do anything to virus that is replicating inside the body. Drinking warm water can not kill the virus as virus is inside the cells and war water can not wash away the viruses. Information: Gargle with salt water is effective against viral infection!! Salt water can create hyper-osmotic pressure which can pull out water from cells. But no medical study is there to prove or disprove this concept.
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  Definition of ACase Type According to World Health Organization (WHO) the COVID-19 cases are defined as follows: • Suspect (May have the disease or may not) • Probable (Test the suspected case for its probability) • Confirmed (Whether showing symptoms or not) https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus
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  Definition of aClose Contact Close contact for healthcare exposure is defined as follows: A) Being within approximately 6 feet (2 meters), of a person with COVID-19 for a prolonged period of time (such as caring for or visiting the patient; or sitting within 6 feet of the patient in a healthcare waiting area or room); or B) Having unprotected direct contact with infectious secretions or excretions of the patient (e.g. being coughed on, touching used tissue with a bare hand). https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus
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  Definition of aSuspect Case According to WHO the definition of a suspect case is: A. A patient with acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease e.g. cough, shortness of breath), AND with no other etiology that fully explains the clinical presentation, AND a history of travel to or residence in a country/area or territory reporting local transmission of COVID-19 disease during the 14 days prior to the symptom onset. OR B. A patient with any acute respiratory illness AND having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID19 case in the last 14 days prior to onset of symptoms; OR C. A patient with severe acute respiratory infection (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease) AND requiring hospitalization AND with no other etiology that fully explains the clinical presentation. https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus
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  Definition of aProbable Case • A suspect case for whom testing for COVID- 19 is inconclusive. • Inconclusive being the result of the test reported by the laboratory. Definition of a Confirmed Case • A person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19, irrespective of clinical signs and symptoms. https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus
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  How accurate isthe Data? Not very accurate for the following reason: • Many asymptomatic patients are not tested/counted. • Many patients with mild symptoms have not contacted their healthcare providers and are not tested/counted. • Countries are not testing everyone that should be tested for many reasons:  Lack of testing kits  Lack of people showing up for tests  Lack of resources for contact tracing and testing etc. As a result the number of confirmed cases are not equal to the number of total cases. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus
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  How rapidly isthe virus spreading? Duration for the number of cases to double (some examples) • Worldwide 27 Days • China 33 Days • India 6 Days • Pakistan 5 Days • Spain and France 3 Days WHO has declared Europe as the epicenter of the pandemic. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus
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  Do we knowthe Mortality risk? No, In an ongoing pandemic mortality risk can not be calculated as there are infected patients who will die later. Do we know the Confirmed deaths? Yes. As of 6:30 AM, 16 March, 2020 Case Fatality Rate (Percent of cases that result in death) CFR: 3.84% CFR= (Total confirmed deaths/Total confirmed cases) x 100 https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus
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  COVID-19 Stages https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus
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  COVID-19 Stages &Durations According to WHO: • The median time for onset to clinical recovery for mild cases is approximately 2 weeks. • For severe and critical cases it is 3 to 6 weeks according to same study. • And for those who eventually died, the time from symptom onset to death ranged from 2 to 8 weeks. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus
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  COVID-19 CFR byAge https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus