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- 2. THIS UNIT ISDEVELOPED TO PROVIDE YOU: 1.Identifying different production option used in fashion industry. 2.Identifying features of production option.
- 3. INTRODUCTION TO FASHIONPRODUCTION PROCESS The Fashion Production Process An essential aspect of any business, the production process transforms raw materials and ideas into market-ready products. Importance: Efficient production processes greatly influence business performance. Overview: Fashion production encompasses the journey from design to distribution, involving multiple stages, each requiring specialized skills. Objective: This guide will explore each stage of the fashion production process, providing insights and handy tips.
- 4. IDENTIFYING DIFFERENT PRODUCTIONOPTION USED IN FASHION INDUSTRY Mass Production; Mass production in the apparel industry refers to the process of manufacturing large quantities of clothing items using standardized processes and machinery. This approach allows companies to produce garments efficiently and at a lower cost per unit. Key aspects include: 1.Standardization: Designs and sizes are standardized to streamline production. 2.Automation: Machinery and technology are often employed to increase speed and reduce human labor. 3.Economies of Scale: Producing in bulk reduces costs, making products more affordable for consumers. 4.Distribution: Mass-produced items are typically distributed widely, allowing brands to reach a larger market.
- 5. FAST FASHION FastFashion refers to a business model in the clothing industry that emphasizes rapid production and consumption of trendy, low-cost apparel. Brands using this model quickly move designs from the runway to retail stores, allowing consumers to buy the latest styles at affordable prices. This approach encourages frequent purchasing and disposal, often leading to significant environmental and ethical concerns, including waste and poor labor conditions..
- 6. SUSTAINABLE FASHION SustainableFashion refers to a movement and design philosophy that prioritizes environmentally friendly practices and ethical considerations in the production and consumption of clothing and accessories. It encompasses various aspects, including: Eco-Friendly Materials: Using organic, recycled, or sustainably sourced materials that minimize environmental impact. Ethical Labor Practices: Ensuring fair wages, safe working conditions, and respect for workers' rights throughout the supply chain. Waste Reduction: Implementing strategies to minimize waste through recycling, upcycling, and designing for longevity. Slow Fashion: Promoting quality over quantity by encouraging consumers to buy less but invest in timeless, durable pieces.
- 7. ANOTHER KINDS OFPRODUCTION Customization: Some brands offer personalized or made-to-order options where customers can customize their garments based on their preferences. This allows for a unique and individualized fashion experience. Artisanal Production: This option emphasizes craftsmanship and traditional techniques. It often involves small-scale production by skilled artisans, resulting in high-quality and unique pieces. Collaborative Production: Brands may collaborate with designers, artists, or other fashion industry professionals to create limited-edition collections. Digital Production: With advancements in technology, digital production methods such as 3D printing and digital pattern making have emerged in the fashion industry. These options offer increased efficiency and precision in production.
- 8. COST OF FEATURESPRODUCTION OPTIONS IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY: Compliance and certification costs. Prototyping and sampling cost. Testing and quality control costs. Marketing and branding costs. Training and skill development costs.
- 10. FRENCH CURVE Thisis used to shape the depth of the neck hole and armhole of the pattern.
- 11. CUTTING TOOLS Cuttingtools are instruments that serve well if properly maintained. Sharp cutting tools make clean cuts and well-defined notches and they do not damage fabric. On the other hand, dull tools slow the cutting process, and make your hand and wrist tire easily. Sewing cutting tools should not be used for other household task. Cutting tools must be sharpened regularly and the joints are oiled occasionally for better use.
- 12. BENT-HANDLED DRESSMAKER’S SHEARS Theseare made of quality steel and hold a sharp cutting edge. The blades move easily and cut smoothly along the entire length and the points should come together. Shears have the length of 7- 12 inches and are satisfactory for most apparel fabrics. a. All steels, chrome-plated shears are for heavy duty cutting b. Stainless steel blades and plastic handles are fine for lightweight fabrics c. A serrated edge shears give maximum cutting control and is used for synthetic fibers and slippery knits
- 14. PINKING SHEARS Thisis popular in zigzagging or scalloped edge or for seam finishes. This is used to finish seams and raw edges and to create decorative edges on many types of fabric. It cuts a ravel- resistant edge. This is not satisfactoryfor straight cutting.
- 15. CUTTING SCISSORS a. Trimmingscissors It is 3-4 inches long. It is used for trimmings, clipping threads and snipping slashes. b. Embroidery scissor It has 4-5 inches finely tapered blades. Both points are sharp for use in working with fine details in delicate fabrics and in embroidery work.
- 16. c. Buttonhole scissor Thisis intended for making buttonholes. d. Thread Clippers -are a handy little spring loaded cutting tool that allows for the snipping of threads. These clippers are specifically used to snip threads and they are not designed to cut fabric.
- 17. SEAM RIPPER Seamrippers are specifically designed for ripping out stitches from seams, either as a result of an error or during alterations. They should be used carefully to prevent damage to the fabric.
- 18. ROTARY CUTTER ANDMAT It is an adaptation of the giant rotary cutter used by the garment industry. It works like a pizza cutter and can be used by left or right-handed sewers. The rotary cutter is available in different sizes with different blades. When using a rotary cutter, work on a cutting mat to protect the blade and the cutting surface.
- 19. MARKING TOOLS Markingtools are required for transferring pattern markings to garment fabric pieces and for making alterations on garments.
- 20. Chalk Pencils/Dressmakerpencil This is available in white or pastel shades. This chalk pencil is used to make fine lines on fabric. It has an erasing brush at one end. Tailor’s Chalk This is essential as a marker for use on materials. Tailor‘s chalk is available in a range of colors and is Removed by brushing.
- 21. TRACING WHEEL Thereare two types of tracing wheels, those with a serrated edge and those with a smooth edge. The serrated edge wheel produces dots on the fabric and is suitable for most types of fabrics. The smooth edge wheel is best for delicate fabrics and unlike the serrated edge will not pierce more delicate fabrics. The smooth edge wheel creates a solid line.
- 22. DRESSMAKER’S CARBON PAPER Dressmaker‘s carbon paper also called dressmaker‘s tracing paper is a specially waxed carbon paper that transfer‘s the tracing wheel‘s markings to the fabric. A color of tracing paper should be chosen that is close to the color of the fabric. Different brands of tracing paper have different instructions; therefore, the instructions for the particular brand that is purchased should be followed.
- 23. PINNING AND SEWINGTOOL Pincushion A pincushion holds the straight pins and needles while working to prevent accidents. Hand Needle Used in making temporary stitches and buttonholes. Sizes of 7 to 10 are for general hand sewing.
- 24. SEWING NEEDLE THREADED It aids in putting the thread to the needle. It consists of two parts. The handle and the wire. The end of the wire that is away from the holder is folded. Place the folded wire of the needle threader through the eye of the sewing needle. Thimble A small hard pitted cup worn for protection on the finger that pushes the needle in sewing.
- 25. MATERIALS Fabric The Fabricis the cloth used in making garments. The plain cotton fabrics, flour sack or catcha is the most appropriate material for beginners because these are very easy to handle.
- 26. THREAD The threadis used in assembling or constructing the parts of the garment. Threads vary in sizes. Heavy fabrics need stronger threads. Threads should have the same color with that of the fabric used.
- 28. 1. A flexiblemeasuring device used in taking body measurements. 2. This is used to shape the depth of the neck hole and armhole of the pattern. 3. This is intended for making buttonholes. 4. Used in making temporary stitches and buttonholes. Sizes of 7 to 10 are for general hand sewing. 5. It is 3-4 inches long. It is used for trimmings, clipping threads and snipping slashes.
- 29. MEASURING TOOLS CUTTINGTOOLS MARKING TOOLS SEWING TOOLS
- 30. Bent Handled ShearsSeam Ripper Pin cushion Thimble Carbon Paper Tailors Chalk Ruler Thread Clippers Trimming Scissors Pencil Chalk L-Square Embroidery Scissors Needles Emery Bag Tracing Wheel Needle Threader Tape Measure Pinking Shears Fabrics Threads
- 32. TYPES OF SEWINGMACHINES Well-selected sewing machine is essential for achieving good results. It should be used correctly in accordance with the job requirements.
- 33. 1. Lockstitch SewingMachine This is usually used in homes and sometimes in school. This is also called “Domestic Sewing Machine”. It is run by foot and may also be converted to electric power machine.
- 34. 2. Hi-Speed LockstitchSewing Machine. This is sometimes called „straight stitching machine or industrial sewing machine. It has automatic lubrication and is used by tailors and dressmakers.
- 35. 3. Over EdgingMachine. Other companies call it ―small machine . It ‖ finishes the raw edges of the pattern for construction.
- 36. 4. Embroidery Machine. Thisis used in making fancy stitches and in making different kinds of embroidery stitches on fabrics for the Barong Tagalog, pillow cases, linen, and other novelty items.
- 37. 5. Button HolerMachine. This is used in making buttonholes on garments. 6. Button Attachment Machine. This is used in attaching buttons to the garments.
- 38. TWO MAJOR PARTSOF THE LOCKSTITCH SEWING MACHINE The two major parts of the lock stitch sewing machine are the Upper Parts and Lower Parts. The Upper Parts is composed of: 1. Head is the complete sewing machine without a cabinet or stand. 2. Arm is the curve part of the head containing mechanism for operating the needle. 3. Bed is the flat portion of the machine and beneath is the feed dog where it is mounted, and the shuttle and lower thread are placed.
- 39. Parts of theSewing Machine in the Arm 1. Spool Pin is the thread holder. 2. Thread Guide keeps the thread in position. 3. Thread Take up Lever releases the thread and interlocks with the bobbin thread. 4. Presser bar lifter moves the presser foot. 5. Tension controls the looseness and tightness of stitches. 6. Needle Bar holds the needle in place.
- 40. 7. Needle Clampholds and tightens the needle. 8. Presser Foot holds the fabric in place while sewing. 9. Needle is a slender tool attached in the needle clamp used for sewing. 10. Bobbin Winder controls the bobbin while winding thread.
- 41. 11. Stitch regulatorchecks the length of the stitches. 12. Balance Wheel sets the mechanism in motion. 13. Belt connects the balance wheel to the drive wheel. 14. Stop Motion Screw hinders moving when loosened and starts
- 42. PARTS OF SEWINGMACHINE UNDER THE BED 1. Feed Dog moves the fabric while sewing. 2. Throat plate is the windows of the feed dog and it is where the bobbin threads come out. 3. Slide plate is a movable plate that covers the shuttle and bobbin case. 4. Shuttle holds the bobbin case while sewing. 5. Bobbin is a metal spool for winding thread. 6. Bobbin Case holds the bobbin
- 44. The Lower Partsof the Lock Stitch Sewing Machine 1. Band Wheel leads the balance wheel through the belt connection. 2. Band Wheel Crank moves the band wheel. 3. Pitman Rod holds the treadle to band wheel crank. 4. Guide holds the belt to its place. 5. Belt Shifter removes the belt from the wheel.
- 46. 6. Dress Guardprotects the dress from the wheel. 7. Treadle is where the feet are stationed to drive the band wheel through the pitman rod. 8. Legs support the cabinet of the machine. 9. Cabinet holds the head of the machine by interlocking screw on the hinges.