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Similar to cot 2 Reading the Periodic Table of elemnts and its function
cot 2 Reading the Periodic Table of elemnts and its function
- 3. INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY: •Recall somecommon elements found in the periodic table. •Give 5 examples.
- 4. Ask the students: •Howwas your seating arrangement done? •Were they arranged alphabetically? randomly? Or other possible arrangements?
- 5. Introduction to the PeriodicTable Atomic Number ● Symbol ● Atomic Weight Element ● Compound
- 6. I am DmitriMendeleev! I made the PERIODIC TABLE !
- 7. What is thePERIODIC TABLE? o Shows all known elements in the universe. o Organizes the elements by chemical properties.
- 8. How do youread the PERIODIC TABLE?
- 9. What is theATOMIC NUMBER? o The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom Or o The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom.
- 10. What is theSYMBOL? o An abbreviation of the element name.
- 11. What is theATOMIC WEIGHT? o The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
- 12. How do Ifind the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an element using the periodic table? o # of PROTONS = ATOMIC NUMBER o # of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER o # of NEUTRONS = ATOMIC _ ATOMIC WEIGHT NUMBER
- 15. Now you arealmost as smart as I am! But not as handsome! Man, I look GOOD!
- 16. What is anELEMENT? o A substance composed of a single kind of atom. o Cannot be broken down into another substance by chemical or physical means.
- 17. What is aCOMPOUND? o A substance in which two or more different elements are CHEMICALLY bonded together.
- 18. Reading the PeriodicTable
- 19. Why is thePeriodic Table important to me? • The periodic table is the most useful tool to a chemist. • You get to use it on every test. • It organizes lots of information about all the known elements.
- 20. Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry … •…was a mess!!! • No organization of elements. • Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!! • Difficult to find information. • Chemistry didn’t make sense.
- 21. Dmitri Mendeleev: Fatherof the Table HOW HIS WORKED… • Put elements in rows by increasing atomic weight. • Put elements in columns by the way they reacted. SOME PROBLEMS… • He left blank spaces for what he said were undiscovered elements. (Turned out he was right!) • He broke the pattern of increasing atomic weight to keep similar reacting elements together.
- 22. The Current PeriodicTable • Mendeleev wasn’t too far off. • (Henry Mosley) Now the elements are put in rows by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER!! • The horizontal rows are called periods and are labeled from 1 to 7. • The vertical columns are called groups are labeled from 1 to 18.
- 23. A way oforganizing & classifying elements • Arranged in rows and columns
- 25. Groups…Here’s Where the PeriodicTable Gets Useful!! • Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties!! • (Mendeleev did that on purpose.) Why?? • They have the same number of valence electrons. • They will form the same kinds of ions.
- 26. Families on thePeriodic Table • Columns (groups)are also called families. • Families may be one column, or several columns put together. • Families have names rather than numbers. (Just like your family has a common last name.)
- 27. Columns • The vertical(up and down) columns of the periodic table (there are 18) are called groups or families. • Elements in the same group or family have similar characteristics or properties.
- 28. Rows • The horizontalrows of the periodic table are called periods. • Elements in a period are not alike in properties. • The first element in a period is usually an active solid, and the last element in a period is always an inactive gas.
- 29. Rows • Atomic numberincreases from left to right across a period. • Atomic mass (number of protons & neutrons) increases from left to right across a period.
- 30. Rows • Metals areon the left • Non-metals are on the right
- 32.
- 33. Hydrogen • Hydrogen belongsto a family of its own. • Hydrogen is a diatomic, reactive gas. • Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg. • Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles
- 34. •very reactive metalsthat do not occur freely in nature •softer than most other metals •Explode in water •Combine with Halogens to form salts •Valence electrons –1 ALKALI METALS ALKALI METALS
- 35. •metals •very reactive •not foundfree in nature •important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca) •Valance electrons - 2 ALKALINE EARTH ALKALINE EARTH METALS METALS
- 36. •ductile and malleable,and conduct electricity and heat •iron, cobalt, and nickel, (Iron Triad) are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field. TRANSITION TRANSITION METALS METALS
- 37. Transition Metals • Elementsin groups 3-12 • Less reactive harder metals • Includes metals used in jewelry and construction. • Metals used “as metal.”
- 38. RARE EARTH RARE EARTH ELEMENTS ELEMENTS •manyare man-made •Lanthanides – soft metals that are very rare. Found in combination with Oxygen in the Earth’s Crust •Actinides – Radioactive, only 3 found naturals – others are man-made (Californium used to kill cancer cells)
- 40. OTHER OTHER METALS METALS •are ductile andmalleable •are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque
- 41. METALLOIDS METALLOIDS •have properties ofboth metals and non- metals •some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors(carry an electrical charge). This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators
- 42. NON-METALS NON-METALS •not able toconduct electricity or heat very well •very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets •exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon). •have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light.
- 43. HALOGENS HALOGENS •"halogen" means "salt-former"and compounds containing halogens are called "salts" •exist in all three states of matter: •Solid- Iodine, Astatine •Liquid- Bromine •Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine •Valence Electrons - 7
- 44. Halogens • Elements ingroup 17 • Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals • Always found combined with other element in nature . • Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.
- 45.
- 46. NOBLE GASES NOBLE GASES •donot form compounds easily VERY unreactive Full valence (electron) shell Used in lighted “neon” signs Used in blimps. Valence Electrons - 8
- 47. ASSESSMENT: 1.Who were thepeople behind the history of periodic table? And what was their respective concept? 2.Differentiate groups from periods. 3.What are the different family names of groups found in the periodic table?
- 48. Additional Activity Why isthe periodic table important?