Cotton fiber

Cotton fiber

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  Anshu Shukla, VKM, Kamachha Varanasi
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  Anshu Shukla, VKM, Kamachha Varanasi
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  Anshu Shukla, VKM, Kamachha Varanasi
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  Cotton is astaple fiber, primarily composed of cellulose Where Did Cotton Originate? The word cotton comes from the Arabic word “quton.” The earliest production of cotton was in India, where the material dates back to the fifth millennium B.C. The first cotton gin, which is a tool that separates the cotton fluff from the plant seeds, was invented in India in the thirteenth century. The cotton gin made the production of cotton much easier and faster, helping the fiber spread as a widely-used textile. During the Industrial Revolution, with the invention of new technologies like the spinning jenny, spinning frame, and spinning mule, Britain became one of the leading cotton producers. All of these spinning machines allowed manufacturers to spin cotton at increased rates. However, it was the American Eli Whitney’s invention of the mechanical cotton gin which led to increased production of the material in the United States and Europe. This new tool, which separated the seeds from the cotton quickly and efficiently using machine power, cut down the hours of manual labor needed to produce a bale of cotton from 600 hours to just 12. Around the same time, America, particularly the Southern states, began producing more high- quality cotton, as the fibers were slightly longer and stronger. With a few occasional falls in production, such as during the Civil War, the United States is still one of the leading producers of cotton in the world, falling just behind China and India. Anshu Shukla, VKM , Kamachha Varanasi
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  Where Does CottonGrow? Cotton grows in nearly all tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the U.S., China, India, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Brazil, and Turkey. In the United States, Texas is the largest cotton producer, and the South Plains region in the northern part of the state is the largest contiguous cotton-growing area in the world. Anshu Shukla, VKM , Kamachha Varanasi
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  Processing of CottonFiber 1. Harvesting 2. Ginning 5. Opening & Blending 3. Sorting 4. Baling Anshu Shukla, VKM , Kamachha Varanasi
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  6. Carding 7. Combing 11.Finishing 10. Weaving 9. Spinning 8. Slivering Anshu Shukla, VKM , Kamachha Varanasi
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  1. Harvesting 2. Ginning AnshuShukla, VKM , Kamachha Varanasi
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  3. Sorting 4. Baling AnshuShukla, VKM , Kamachha Varanasi
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  5. Opening &Blending 6. Carding Anshu Shukla, VKM , Kamachha Varanasi
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  7. Combing 8. Slivering AnshuShukla, VKM , Kamachha Varanasi
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  9. Spinning 10. Weaving AnshuShukla, VKM , Kamachha Varanasi
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  11. Finishing Anshu Shukla,VKM , Kamachha Varanasi
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  Physical Properties ofCotton Color: The color of cotton fibre could be white, creamy white, bluish white, yellowish white or grey. Tensile Strength: Cotton is moderately strong fibre; tenacity is 26.5-44.1 cN/tex and tensile strength 2800-8400 Kg/cm^2. The strength is greatly affected by moisture, the wet strength of cotton is 20%, which is higher than dry strength. Elongation at break: Cotton does not stress easily. It has an elongation break of 5-1%. Elastic Recovery: Cotton is inelastic and rigid fibre. at 2% extension it has an elastic recovery of 74% and at 5% extension the elastic recovery is 45%. Specific Gravity: Specific gravity is 1.54 Moisture Regain: Standard moisture regain is 8.5%. Effect of heat: Cotton has an excellent resistant to degradation by heat. It begins to turn yellow after several hours at 120°C and decomposes marked by at 150°C. As a result of oxidation, cotton is severally damaged after few minutes at 240°C. Cotton burns in air. Effects of Age: Cotton shows a small loss of strenth when stored carefully. After 50 years of storage cotton may differ only slightly from the new fibres. Effect of Sun Light: There is gradual loss of strength when cotton is exposed to sun light and the fibre turn yellow. The degradation of cotton by oxidation is done when heat is promoted and encouraged. By sun light much of the damage is caused by UV-light and by the shorten weaves of visible light. Anshu Shukla, VKM , Kamachha Varanasi
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  Chemical Properties ofCotton Effects of Acids: Cotton is attacked by hot dilute acids or cold concentrated acids which it disintegrates. It is not affected by cold weak acids. Effects of Alkalis: Cotton has an excellent resistance to alkali. It swells in caustic alkalis but does not damaged. It can be washed in soap solution without any problem. Effects of Organic Solvents: Cotton has high resistance to normal cleaning solvents. Cotton is dissolved by the copper complexes, such as cuprammonium hydroxide, cupriethylene diamine and concentrated 70% H2SO4. Effects of Insects: Cotton is attacked by moth-grubs or beetles. Effects of micro Organism: Cototn is attacked by fungi and bacteria. Mildew will feed on cotton fabric, rotting and weakling the materials. mildews and bacteria will flourish on cotton under hot and humid condition. They can be protected by impregnation with certain types of chemicals. Copper Nepthenate is one of the chemicals. Anshu Shukla, VKM , Kamachha Varanasi