Covid 19 presentation

Covid 19 presentation

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  COVID-19 PRESENT BY: • AHMADRAZA (L1F19PHMD0061) • ABU HURAIRA (L1F19PHMD0095) • AMEER HAMZA (L1F19PHMD0120)
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  INTRODUCTION: Corona virus poseserious health threats to humans and other animals. From 2002 to 2003, severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS- CoV) infected 8,000 people, with a fatality rate of 10%. Since 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV) has infected more than 1,700 people, with a fatality rate of 36%.
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  • Corona virusescause widespread respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system diseases in humans and other animals, threatening human health and causing economic loss. • Corona viruses are capable of adapting to new environments through mutation and recombination with relative ease and hence are programmed to alter host range and tissue tropism efficiently.
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  • Therefore, healththreats from corona virus are constant and long-term. • Understanding the virology of corona virus and controlling their spread have important implications for global health and economic stability
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  STRUCTURE OF CORONAVIRUS • Corona virus virions are spherical to pleomorphic enveloped particles. • The envelope is studded with projecting glycoproteins, and surrounds a core consisting of matrix protein enclosed within which is a single strand of positive-sense RNA (6× 106) associated with nucleoprotein. • The envelope glycoproteins are responsible for attachment to the host cell and also carry the main antigenic epitopes, particularly the epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies. • OC43 also possesses a haemaglutin.
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  CLASSIFICATION OF CORONAVIRUS • Over time, these viruses evolved and were eventually transmitted to humans. These corona virus pose more serious risks to human health. They’re described below: SARS-CoV: • SARS-CoV causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). According to the WHO, the first human cases appeared in southern China in November 2002. • SARS-CoV may have originated in bats and were transmitted to other animals before infecting humans.
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  MERS-CoV • MERS-CoV causesMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). According to WHO, it emerged in September 2012 in Saudi Arabia, although initial cases were later traced back to Jordan. • Humans contract MERS-CoV through contact with camels that have contracted the infection. The virus is also transmitted by coming into very close contact with a person who has the infection. • Since 2012, 27 countries have reported more than 2,400 MERS cases. To date, the majority of cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia. • In 2015, an outbreak in South Korea led to 186 cases and 36 deaths. This outbreak originated with a traveler returning from the Middle East.
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  SARS-CoV-2 • SARS-CoV-2 causesCOVID-19. This new corona virus appeared in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019 after health officials noticed an increase in pneumonia cases with no known cause. • These cases have since been linked to a market selling seafood and poultry. Though the virus likely evolved from an animal source, its exact source is unknown. • Within a few months, SARS-CoV-2 has spread to hundreds of countries around the world after being transmitted through person-to-person contact.
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  DIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 •There is no reliable clinical method to distinguish corona virus colds from colds caused by rhinoviruses or less common agents. For research purposes, virus • human fetal or nasal tracheal epithelium. • The virus in these cultures is detected by electron microscopy or other methods. • The most useful method for laboratory diagnosis is to collect paired sera (from the acute and convalescent phases of the disease) and to test by ELISA for a rise in antibodies against OC43 and 229E. • Complement fixation tests are insensitive; other tests are inconvenient and can be used only for one serotype. Direct hybridization and polymerase chain reaction tests for viral nucleic acid have been developed and, particularly with the latter, are the most sensitive assays currently available for detecting virus .
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  TREATMENT Currently, no antiviralmedication is recommended to treat COVID- 19, and no cure is available for COVID-19. Antibiotics aren't effective against viral infections such as COVID-19. Ongoing research is studying various drugs that may be effective for treating severe COVID-19. Treatment is directed at relieving symptoms and may include: • Pain relievers (ibuprofen or acetaminophen) • Cough syrup or medication
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  • Rest • Fluidintake • There is no evidence that ibuprofen or other non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) need to be avoided. • If you have mild symptoms, your doctor may recommend that you recover at home. He or she may give you special instructions to monitor your symptoms and to avoid spreading the illness to others.
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  • You maybe asked to isolate yourself as much as possible from family and pets while you're sick, wear a mask when you're around people, and to use a separate bedroom and bathroom. Your doctor will likely recommend that you stay in home isolation for a period of time except to get medical care. Your doctor will likely follow up with you regularly. • Check with your doctor about when you can end home isolation . If you're very ill, you may need to be treated in the hospital
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  SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: •Signs and symptoms of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may appear two to 14 days after exposure. This time after exposure and before having symptoms is called the incubation period. Common signs and symptoms can include: • Fever • Cough • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Other symptoms can include: • Tiredness • Aches • Chills • Sore throat
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  • Loss ofsmell • Loss of taste • Headache • Diarrhea • Severe vomiting • The severity of COVID-19 symptoms can range from very mild to severe. Some people may have only a few symptoms, and some people may have no symptoms at all. People who are older or who have existing chronic medical conditions, such as heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, severe obesity, chronic kidney or liver disease, or who have compromised immune systems may be at higher risk of serious illness. This is similar to what is seen with other respiratory illnesses, such as influenza.
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  PREVENTION: • To preventthe spread of COVID-19: • Clean your hands often. Use soap and water, or an alcohol-based hand rub. • Maintain a safe distance from anyone who is coughing or sneezing. • Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth.
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  • Cover yournose and mouth with your bent elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze. • Stay home if you feel unwell. • If you have a fever, a cough, and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention. • Follow the directions of your local health authority. • Avoiding unneeded visits to medical facilities allows healthcare systems to operate more effectively, therefore protecting you and others.