covid-19 corona virus

welcome
INDRESH GUPTA
M.Sc TUTOR J.S. UNIVERSITY
SHIKOHABAD .FIROZABAD. UTTER PRADESH

INTRODUCTION
Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused
by a new virus.
The disease causes respiratory illness (like the flu) with
symptoms such as a cough, fever, and in more severe cases,
difficulty breathing. You can protect yourself by washing your
hands frequently, avoiding touching your face, and avoiding
close contact (1 meter or 3 feet) with people who are unwell
Corona virus disease spreads primarily through contact with an
infected person when they cough or sneeze. It also spreads
when a person touches a surface or object that has the virus
on it, then touches their eyes, nose, or mouth

INTRODUCTION
Corona viruses are a large family of viruses which may cause
illness in animals or humans. In humans, several corona
viruses are known to cause respiratory infections ranging from
the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS). The most recently discovered corona virus
causes corona virus disease COVID-19

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
1) Interrupt human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary
infections among close contact sand health care workers, preventing
transmission amplification events, and preventing further international
spread.
2) Identify, isolate and care for patients early, including providing
optimized care for infected patients.
3) Identify and reduce transmission from the animal source.
4) Address crucial unknowns regarding clinical severity, extent of
transmission and infection, treatment options, and accelerate the
development of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines.
5) Communicate critical risk and event information to all communities
and counter misinformation.
6) Minimize social and economic impact through multisectoral
partnerships.

Statistics
WORLDWIDE
Corona virus Cases:
• 1,631,457
Deaths:
• 97,563
Recovered:
• 366,469
Note :this data is till 10 April.

Statistics
INDIA
Corona virus Cases
• 7062
Deaths
• 692
Recovered
• 244
Note :this data is till 10 April.

CASE DEFINITION
SUSPECT CASE
A patient with acute respiratory tract infection (sudden onset of
at least one of the following: cough, fever, shortness of breath)
AND with no other etiology that fully explains the clinical
presentation AND with a history of travel or residence in a
country/area reporting local or community transmission during
the 14 days prior to symptom onset.
 A patient with any acute respiratory illness AND having been in
close contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the
last 14 days prior to onset of symptoms.

CASE DEFINITION
 A patient with severe acute respiratory infection (fever and at
least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease (e.g., cough,
fever, shortness breath)) AND requiring hospitalization (SARI)
AND with no other etiology that fully explains the clinical
presentation.

CASE DEFINITION
PROBABLE CASE
A suspected case for whom testing for virus causing COVID-19
is inconclusive (according to the test results reported by the
laboratory) or for whom testing was positive on a pan-corona
virus assay.
CONFIRMED CASE
A person with laboratory confirmation of virus causing COVID-
19 infection, irrespective of clinical signs and symptoms

How long does the virus survive on surfaces?
Studies suggest that corona viruses (including preliminary
information on the COVID-19 virus) may persist on surfaces for
a few hours or up to several days. This may vary under
different conditions (e.g. type of surface, temperature or
humidity of the environment). If you think a surface may be
infected, clean it with simple disinfectant to kill the virus and
protect yourself and others. Clean your hands with an alcohol-
based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Avoid
touching your eyes, mouth, or nose.

HOW TO SPREAD CORONA
• People can catch COVID-19 from others who
have the virus. The disease can spread from
person to person through small droplets from
the nose or mouth which are spread when a
person with COVID-19 coughs or exhales. These
droplets land on objects and surfaces around
the person. Other people then catch COVID-19
by touching these objects or surfaces, then
touching their eyes, nose or mouth. People can
also catch COVID-19 if they breathe in droplets
from a person with COVID-19 who coughs out
or exhales droplets.

Studies to date suggest that the virus that causes COVID-19 is
mainly transmitted through contact with respiratory droplets
rather than through the air.

Can I catch COVID-19 from the feces of someone with the disease?
• The risk of catching COVID-19 from the feces of an infected person
appears to be low. While initial investigations suggest the virus may
be present in feces in some cases, spread through this route is not
a main feature of the outbreak. WHO is assessing ongoing research
on the ways COVID-19 is spread and will continue to share new
findings. Because this is a risk, however, it is another reason to
clean hands regularly, after using the bathroom and before eating.

Can CoVID-19 be caught from a person who has no symptoms?
• The main way the disease spreads is through respiratory
droplets expelled by someone who is coughing. The risk of
catching COVID-19 from someone with no symptoms at all is
very low. However, many people with COVID-19 experience
only mild symptoms. This is particularly true at the early stages
of the disease. It is therefore possible to catch COVID-19 from
someone who has, for example, just a mild cough and does not
feel ill.

Can I catch COVID-19 from my pet?
• While there has been one instance of a dog being infected in
Hong Kong, to date, there is no evidence that a dog, cat or any
pet can transmit COVID-19. COVID-19 is mainly spread through
droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes,
or speaks. To protect yourself, clean your hands frequently and
thoroughly.

Can humans become infected with the COVID-19 from an
animal source?
• Corona viruses are a large family of viruses that are common in
animals. For example, SARS-CoV was associated with civet cats
and MERS-CoV is transmitted by dromedary camels. Possible
animal sources of COVID-19 have not yet been confirmed.

INCUBATION PERIOD
COVID-19 Incubation Period
The incubation period (time from exposure to the development of
symptoms) of the virus is estimated to be between 2 and 14 days based
on the following sources:
According to...The World Health Organization (WHO) reported an
incubation period for COVID-19 between 2 and 10 days. [1]
According to... China’s National Health Commission (NHC) had initially
estimated an incubation period from 10 to 14 days [2].

INCUBATION PERIOD
According to... United States' CDC estimates the incubation period for
COVID-19 to be between 2 and 14 days [3].
According to...DXY.cn, a leading Chinese online community for
physicians and health care professionals, is reporting an incubation
period of "3 to 7 days, up to 14 days".
The estimated range will be most likely narrowed down as more data
becomes available.
Incubation period of up to 24 days?
The incubation period has been found to be as long as 24 days (range:
0-24 days; median: 3.0 days) in a study published on February 9

INCUBATION PERIOD
• A Chinese study published in the New England Journal of
Medicine on Jan. 30[7], has found the incubation period to be
5.2 days on average, but it varies greatly among patients. The
Chinese team conducting the study said their findings support
a 14-day medical observation period for people exposed to the
pathogen.

Comparison with other viruses
Virus(typical cases) Incubation Period
Novel Coronavirus
(COVID-19)
2-14 or 0-24 days *
SARS 2-7 days,as long as 10 days
MERS 5 days (range: 2-14)
Swine Flu 1-4 days,as long as 7 days

Symptoms
• The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, breathing
difficulty tiredness, and dry cough. Some patients may have
aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or
diarrhea. These symptoms are usually mild and begin
gradually. Some people become infected but don’t develop any
symptoms and don't feel unwell. Most people (about 80%)
recover from the disease without needing special treatment.
Around 1 out of every 6 people who gets COVID-19 becomes
seriously ill and develops difficulty breathing.

Typical Symptoms
COVID-19 typically causes flu-like symptoms including a fever and
cough.
In some patients - particularly the elderly and others with other
chronic health conditions - these symptoms can develop into
pneumonia, with chest tightness, chest pain, and shortness of
breath.
After a week, it can lead to shortness of breath, with about 20% of
patients requiring hospital treatment.
Notably, the COVID-19 infection rarely seems to cause a runny
nose, sneezing, or sore throat (these symptoms have been
observed in only about 5% of patients). Sore throat, sneezing, and
stuffy nose are most often signs of a cold

Symptoms
Findings from the Wang et al study published on JAMA and based on 138 hospitalized
patients
Common symptoms included:
(Wang et al study) [2]
Fever 98.6%
Fatigue 69.6%
Dry cough 59.4%
from first symptom to → Dyspnea (Shortness of breath) = 5.0 days
from first symptom to → Hospital admission = 7.0 days
from first symptom to → ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) = 8.0 days
(when occurring

Symptoms
Findings from the Huang et al study published on The Lancet and based on
41 hospitalized patients
COMMON SYMPTOMS AT ONSET OF ILLNESS (Huang et al study) [3]
Fever 98%
Cough 76%
Myalgia (muscle pain) or Fatigue 44%
LESS COMMON SYMPTOMS:
Sputum production (coughing up material) 28%
Headache 8%
Haemoptysis (coughing up blood) 5%
Diarrhea 3%

Symptoms
Findings from the Chen et al study published on The Lancet and based on
99 hospitalized patients
Signs and symptoms at admission (Chen et al study) [4]
Fever 83%
Cough 82%
Shortness of breath 31%
Muscle ache 11%
Confusion 9%
Headache 8%
Sore throat 5%
Rhinorrhoea (runny nose) 4%
Chest pain 2%
Diarrhea 2%
Nausea and vomiting 1%
More than one signor symptom 90%
Fever, cough,and shortnessof breath 15%

Symptoms
Canadian public health agency
1. Fever
2. Cough
3. Difficulty breathing
4. Pneumonia in both lungs
UK Government and National health service (NHS)
1. A cough
2. A high temperature
3. Shortness of breath

Diagnosis
 Virus isolation in cell culture
 Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay that are more practicle
and available commercially.
Serological testing for antibodies to human coronavirus
 Nose and throat swabs are best specimens
 Serological testing requires collection of blood specimens

Age of Coronavirus Deaths
COVID-19 Fatality Rate by AGE:
Death Rate = (number of deaths / number of cases) = probability of
dying if infected by the virus (%). This probability differs depending
on the age group. The percentages shown below do not have to
add up to 100%, as they do NOT represent share of deaths by age
group. Rather, it represents, for a person in a given age group, the
risk of dying if infected with COVID-19

AGE DEATH RATE confirmed cases DEATH RATEall cases
80+ years old 21.9% 14.8%
70-79years old 8.0%
60-69years old 3.6%
50-59years old 1.3%
40-49years old 0.4%
30-39years old 0.2
20-29years old 0.2
10-19years old 0.2
0-9years old NO Fatalities

Sex ratio
COVID-19 Fatality Rate by SEX:
*Death Rate = (number of deaths / number of cases) =
probability of dying if infected by the virus (%). This probability
differs depending on sex. When reading these numbers, it must
be taken into account that smoking in China is much more
prevalent among males. Smoking increases the risks of
respiratory complications.

SEX DEATH RATE (confirmed case) DEATH RATE (all cases)
MALE 4.7% 2.8%
FEMALE 2.8% 1.7%

PRE-EXISTING MEDICAL CONDITIONS
(COMORBIDITIES)
• Patients who reported no pre-existing ("comorbid") medical
conditions had a case fatality rate of 0.9%. Pre-existing illnesses that
put patients at higher risk of dying from a COVID-19 infection are.
• COVID-19 Fatality Rate by COMORBIDITY:
• *Death Rate = (number of deaths / number of cases) = probability of
dying if infected by the virus (%). This probability differs depending
on pre-existing condition. The percentage shown below does NOT
represent in any way the share of deaths by pre-existing condition.
Rather, it represents, for a patient with a given pre-existing condition,
the risk of dying if infected by COVID-19.

PRE-EXISTING CONDITION DEATH RATEconfirmed cases DEATH RATEall cases
Cardiovascular disease 13.2% 10.5%
Diabetes 9.2% 7.3%
Diabetes 9.2% 7.3%
hypertention 8.4% 6.0%
Cancer 7.6% 5.6%
no pre-existing conditions 0.9%

MORTALITY RATE OF COVID-19
☺ 3.4% Mortality Rate estimate by the World Health
Organization (WHO) as of March 3
☺In his opening remarks at the March 3 media briefing on
Covid-19, WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom
Ghebreyesus stated:
☺“Globally, about 3.4% of reported COVID-19 cases have died.
By comparison, seasonal flu generally kills far fewer than 1% of
those infected.

Mortality Rate as of Feb. 20 in China (findings from the Report of the
WHO-China Joint Mission
• "As of 20 February, 2,114 of the 55,924 laboratory confirmed cases have
died (crude fatality ratio [CFR: 3.8%) (note: at least some of whom were
identified using a case definition that included pulmonary disease).
• The overall CFR varies by location and intensity of transmission (i.e.
5.8% in Wuhan vs. 0.7% in other areas in China).
• In China, the overall CFR was higher in the early stages of the outbreak
(17.3% for cases with symptom onset from 1-10 January) and has
reduced over time to 0.7% for patients with symptom onset after 1
February. "

• Preliminary study providing a tentative 3% estimate for case fatality
rate
Death rate among patients admitted to hospital
• A study on 138 hospitalized patients with 2019-nCoV infection,
published on February 7 on JAMA, found that 26% of patients
required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 4.3% died,
but a number of patients were still hospitalized at the time. [9]
• A previous study had found that, out of 41 admitted hospital
patients, 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%)
died
Sources .... A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern - Chen Wang et
al., The Lancet. January 24, 2020

HOW TO CALCULATE THE MORTALITY RATE DURING
AN OUTBREAK
• At present, it is tempting to estimate the case fatality rate by
dividing the number of known deaths by the number of confirmed
cases. The resulting number, however, does not represent the true
case fatality rate and might be off by orders of magnitude.
sources ....2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): estimating the case
fatality rate – a word of caution - Battegay Manue et al., Swiss Med
Wkly, February 7, 2020

PREVENTION AND CONTROL
COVID-19

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Standard precaution are control guidelines designed to protect
workers from exposure to Diseases spread by Blood and other
Body fluids
CDC

1-HAND HYGIENE
Hand hygiene has been recognized as the single most
important way to prevent the transmission of infection agent.
• Summary technique:
• Hand washing (40–60 sec): wet hands and apply soap; rub all
surfaces; rinse hands and dry thoroughly with a single use
towel; use towel to turn off faucet.
• Hand rubbing (20–30 sec): apply enough product to
• cover all areas of the hands; rub hands until dry.

2.PERSONAL PROTECTIV EQUIPMENT
1). Gloves
Wear when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions,
mucous membranes, non intact skin.
Change between tasks and procedures on the same patient
after contact with potentially infectious material.
Remove after use, before touching non-contaminated items
and surfaces, and before going to another patient. Perform hand
hygiene immediately after removal.
Nitrile gloves are performed over latex gloves because they resist
chemicals, including certain disinfectants such as chlorine

2). Facial protection (eyes, nose, and mouth)
Wear usual facial protection includes a triple –layer surgical mask and
and eye protection face shield and goggles
They should be used while providing care to patient with respiratory
symptoms such as to coughing and sneezing body fluids, secretions,
and excretions.
3). Gown
Wear to protect skin and prevent soiling of clothing during activities
that are likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids,
secretions, or excretions.
Remove soiled gown as soon as possible, and perform hand hygiene.
It possible to create a barrier to eliminate or reduce contact and droplet
exposure ,both known to transmit COVID-19

3. Prevention of needle stick and injuries from other sharp
instruments2
Use care when:
• Handling needles, scalpels, and other sharp instruments or
devices.
• Cleaning used instruments.
• Disposing of used needles and other sharp instruments.

Donning of PPE
PREPARATION
-Donning should be performed only in the designated area.
-they health care worker should be prepared by
Taking meal
Using the washroom
Drinking water
Remove all the jewelry
Perform hand hygiene with soap and water

Step 1: Hand hygiene with alcohol hand rub
Step2 : Wear the first pair of gloves –may be sterile or clean

Step 3 : Examine the coverall suit and wear them.

Step 4: Wear shoe cover
Step 5: Wear N95 mask and hood

Step 6:wear face shield /eye goggles
Step 7: wear 2nd pair gloves

Doffing of PPE
Preparation
Perform doffing only in the designated area.
Check any leaking or soiling in PPE before doffing If so disinfect
that area.
Doffing room should have 2 chairs –dirty and clean
Discard all PPE in red bin
Perform hand hygiene after every stage

Step 1: Call your colleague or observer and check your PPE

Step 3: Remove and discard shoes covers

Step 4: Disinfect and remove outer pair of gloves

Step 5: Disinfect inner pair of gloves

Step 6: Remove face shield /eye goggle

Step 7: Disinfect inner gloves

Step 8: Remove hood and cover all

Step 9: Disinfect and remove the inner gloves

Step 10: perform hand hygiene and wear a new pair of gloves

Step 11: remove and discard the N95 mask

Step 13: Sit clean chair and disinfect shoes

Step 14:Disinfect the remove gloves

Step 15: Perform hand hygiene
Step 16: Exit the doffing are and take a shower

POINT REMEMBER -PPE
1. PPEs are not alternative to basis preventive public health
measure such as hand hygiene, respiratory etiquettes which
most of the followed at all time.
2. Always (if possible )maintain a distance of at least 1meter
from contacts/suspect /confirmed COVID-19 cases .

More about masks...
How to put mask ?-6 steps.
Before touching the mask ,wash your hand with an alcohol –based rub
(ABHR) or soap and water if your hand are visibly soiled.
Take a face mask and inspect it for tears or holes
Orient which side is the top side (where the meter strip is )
Ensure the proper side of the mask faces outwards (the coloured side)
Place the mask to your face .pinch the metal strip or stiff edge of the mask
so it moulds to the shape of your nose.
Pull down the mask’s bottom so it covers your mouth and your chin.

While wearing a mask, make sure you
• Unfold the pleats of the mask; make sure that they are facing
down.
• Place the mask over your nose, mouth and chin and ensure
there are no gaps on either side of the mask, adjust to fit.
• Avoid touching the mask, while using it.
• Do not leave the mask hanging from the neck.
• Change the mask after six hours or as soon as they become
wet.

While wearing a mask, make sure you
• Never reuse disposable masks and dispose the used masks into
closed bins after disinfecting them.
• Do not touch the potentially contaminated outer surface of the
mask, while removing it.
• After removal of mask, clean your hands with soap and water
or use alcohol-based hand rub disinfectant

3. RESPIRATORY HYGIENE AND COUGH ETIQUETTE
• Persons with respiratory symptoms should apply source
control measures:
• Cover their nose and mouth when coughing/sneezing with
tissue or mask, dispose of used tissues and masks,and perform
hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions.
• Health-care facilities should:
• Place acute febrile respiratory symptomatic patients at least 1
metre (3 feet) away from others in common waiting areas, if
possible.

4. RESPIRATORY HYGIENE AND COUGH ETIQUETTE
• Post visual alerts at the entrance to health-care facilities
instructing persons with respiratory symptoms to practise
respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette.
• Consider making hand hygiene resources, tissues and masks
available in common areas and areas used for the evaluation of
patients with respiratory illnesses.

Droplet precautions
-Keep a minimum of 1-2 meter distance.
-explain the importance of respiratory hygiene and cough
etiquette to patients.
-Wear a triple –layered surgical mask within1-2 meters of the
patient .it is advisable to use the mask when entering the
patient’s room. For aerosol-generating procedures, N95 masks
should be used.
-Patient should wear a triple –layered surgical mask during
transport

EDUCATION FOR PATIENT,STAFF,VISITOR AND THE
PUBLIC
Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
Stay at home when you are sick.
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or handkerchief when you
cough or sneeze.
In the absence of handkerchief of tissues,cover your nose.
In the absence of handkerchief or tissues ,cover your nose and mouth
with your arm during coughing and sneezing
Wash your hands often with soup and water .If soup and water are
not available,use and hund rub.
Avoid touching your nose,ear,eye or mouth
Practice other good health habit

4.Prevention of injuries from sharp
• This is very important especially in prevention of blood borne
infection.
• Used needles must be recapped by hand if necessary, used the
single hand “scoop “method.
• Used needles should not be bent or broken after use.
• Used sharps should be disposed of immediately in designated
puncture-proof containers.

• Sharps should be used only once. A handful of sharp
instruments must be picked up simultaneously.
• While handling sharps ,the sharp end of instruments shall be
positioned away from on self and other.
• If injured by sharps ,contact the ward ,clinic or unit supervisor
immediately for further management .
• Sharps should be disposed of in a puncture froof container ,as
recommended by BMW guidelines

5.Safe handling of patient-care equipment
• Equipment that has been in contact with a patient should be
disinfected or sterilized as appropriate before use for another
patient.
• Carefully decontaminate and clean equipment after use for each
patient
• Personnel should be trained for this.
• Have a hospital disinfection policy and monitor its implementation
• Heavy duty or strong utility gloves must be worn.
• Disposable patient-care equipment should not be reused and must
be discarded
• Patient –care supplies (e.g.lotion,cream,soap) shall not be shared
by patient.

7. Environmental cleaning
Use adequate procedures for the routine cleaning and
disinfection of environmental and other frequently touched
surfaces.
Patient placement:
Space between the beds should be at least 1 to2 meters.
Single room with hand washing and bathroom facilities are
preferred.
Isolation room should have changing rooms to support the use
of PPE

7. Environmental cleaning
Room cleaning
-Before admitting the patient
-After discharge.
-All patient care equipment should be replaced /disinfected as
per the hospital policy

8. Linens
Handle, transport, and process used linen in a manner which:
Prevents skin and mucous membrane exposures and
contamination of clothing.
Avoids transfer of pathogens to other patients and or the
environment.

9. Waste disposal
Ensure safe waste management.
Treat waste contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions
and excretions as clinical waste, in accordance with local
regulations.
Human tissues and laboratory waste that is directly associated
with specimen processing should also be treated as clinical
waste.
Discard single use items properly.

Introduction
• Home care is vital to curb pandemic respiratory infection
• This reduces strain in the health system and effective use of
advanced health care facilities.
• It has been observed that COVID-19 is best managed at home
in the early stages and for people with minor illness ,without
complication.
• 80% of the disease can be managed at home.

1.Wash your hands frequently
• Regularly and thoroughly clean your
hands with an alcohol-based hand
rub or wash them with soap and
water.
• Why? Washing your hands with soap
and water or using alcohol-based
hand rub kills viruses that may be on
your hands.

DO’s
• Practice frequent hand washing. Wash hands with soap and
water or use alcohol based hand rub. Wash hands even if they
are visibly clean.
• Cover your nose and mouth with handkerchief/tissue while
sneezing and coughing.
• Throw used tissues into closed bins immediately after use.
• Avoid participating in large gatherings.

DO’s
• See a doctor if you feel unwell (fever, difficult breathing and
cough). While visiting doctor wear a mask/cloth to cover your
mouth and nose.
• f you have these signs/symptoms please call State helpline
number or Ministry of Health & Family Welfare’s 24X7 helpline
at 011-23978046.
• Avoid participating in large gatherings

Dont’s
Do not touch your face.
Do not panic.
Do not travel unless necessary.
Do not spit in the open always use a spittoon or wash basin for
spitting

2.Maintain social distancing
• Maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet) distance between
yourself and anyone who is coughing or sneezing.
• Do not use public transport
• Why? When someone coughs or sneezes they spray
small liquid droplets from their nose or mouth which
may contain virus. If you are too close, you can
breathe in the droplets, including the COVID-19 virus
if the person coughing has the disease.

3.Avoid touching
• Eye ,nose and mouth
• Surface like door knobs and door bells, elevator buttons,hand
rails,support handles,chair, backATM mobile ,jeep handles
• Because contaminated hand can transfer the virus to your eye
,nose or mouth

4.Mask and personal protective equipment
• They are useful if you are sick
• Use when caring for someone who is sick
• Use in a healthcare setting

5.Stay informed and stay at home
• Stay informed and follow advice given by your healthcare provider
• Stay informed on the latest developments about COVID-19. Follow
advice given by your healthcare provider, your national and local
public health authority or your employer on how to protect
yourself and others from COVID-19.
• Why? National and local authorities will have the most up to date
information on whether COVID-19 is spreading in your area. They
are best placed to advise on what people in your area should be
doing to protect themselves.

6.Take care of high risk group
• Older adults
• People who have underlying conditions like-heart disease,
diabetes, lung disease kidney disease, on cancer medication
• Pregnant women

7.Prevention –Elderly
Do’s
• Stay at home. Avoid meeting visitors at home. If meeting is
essential, maintain a distance of one meter.
• Wash your hands and face at regular intervals with soap and water.
• Sneeze and cough either into your elbow or into tissue
paper/handkerchief .after coughing or sneezing dispose off the
tissue paper/wash your handkerchief.
• Ensure proper nutrition through home cooked fresh hot meals
hydrate frequently and take fresh juices to boost immunity
• Exercise and meditate

Advisor for contact
ASYMPTOMATIC CONTACT

Advisor for contact
IF SYMPTOMATIC
• If symptoms develop (fever, cough ,difficulty of breathing),use
mask
• Self isolate immediately inform ANM/ASHA

Home quarantine
• Home quarantine is applicable to all contacts of a suspect or
confirmed case of COVID-19
• It is isolating the person at home to prevent the spread of
infection within the house as wellas in the community
• It is usally for 14 days from the time of contacts

For home quarantine…
• Stay in a well-ventilated single-room preferably with an
attached/separate toilet.
• maintain a distance of at least 1 meter between the two.
• stay away from elderly people, pregnant women, children and
persons with co-morbidities.
• Restrict his/her movement within the house.
• Under no circumstances attend any social/religious gathering
e.g. wedding, condolences, etc

• If suffering from cough or fever or breathing difficulty and
suspecting contact ,wear a mask and notify nearest health
facility/ASHA/ANM immediately .
• Avoid visitor because it can spreas infection to others
• Wear a mask correctly when around other people and
whenever entering a health care provider.

Follow public health measure
• Wash hand as often thoroughly with soap and water or with
alcohol-based hand sanitizer
• Avoid sharing household items e.g. dishes, drinking glasses,
cups, eating utensils, towels, bedding, or other items with
other people at home.
• Wear a surgical mask at all the time. The mask should be
changed every 6-8 hours and disposed off Disposable masks
are never to be reused.

Follow public health measure
• Masks used by patients / care givers/ close contacts during
home care should be disinfected using ordinary bleach solution
(5%) or sodium hypochlorite solution (1%) and then disposed
of either by burning or deep burial.
• Used mask should be considered as potentially infected.
• If symptoms appear (cough/fever/difficulty in breathing),
he/she should immediately inform the nearest health centre or
call 011-23978046.

Instruction to the family member
• Avoid shaking the soiled linen or direct contact with skin
• Use disposable gloves when cleaning the surfaces or handling
soiled linen
• Wash hands after removing gloves

• Wash hand as often thoroughly with soap and water for 40
seconds or with 70% alcohol-based hand sanitizer before you
tough anything else.
• Avoid sharing household item.
• Wear triple layered mask at all the time when in contact with
infected person .disposable masks are never to be reused.Mask
to be disposed safely.

• Visitors should not be allowed
• If symptoms appear (fever/cough/difficulty in breathing )
he/she should immediately inform the nearest health center or
call your local phone number

Environment control
a) Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces in the
quarantined person’s room (e.g. bed frames, tables etc.) daily
with 1%Sodium Hypochlorite Solution.
b) Clean and disinfect toilet surfaces daily with regular household
bleach solution/phenolic disinfectants.
c) Clean the clothes and other linen used by the person
separately using common household detergent and dry.

Safe practices at home
1.Stay away from other
• Stay in a specific room and away from other people in your
home.
• Maintain distance of at least 1 meter.
• Restrict all movement so that others in the house stay safe
from infection
• If available, use a separate bathroom.

2.Seek health care and notify
• If suffering from fever,cough,or having difficulty in breathing
,wear a mask to protect other and immediately get in touch
with your nearest health facility or ASHA or ANM

4.Avoid going to public area
• Do not go to work ,school,or public areas
• If you are infected, you could transmit infection to other

5.Avoid visitor or support staff coming to the house
• a.) you may likely pass infection unknowingly
• b.) support staff like maids, drivers,etc should be asked to stay
away.

Precaution for health workers
Precaution during community visit.
1.Maintain distance of 1 meter from people and avoid close
physical contact when you are communicating.

2.Use a three layered mask to cover your face.make sure it is
properly worm

3.Avoid touching your face(eyes,nose,mouth) at all times

4.Frequently Wash hand as often thoroughly with soap and
water for 40 seconds or with 70% alcohol-based hand sanitizer

5.Surface like door knobs and door bells, elevator buttons,hand
rails, support handles, chair, mobile ,jeep handles

Precaution on reaching your home.
1.Carefully remove your face mask and gloves using the correct
method, avoid touching front of your mask at all time,untie
lace from behind and do not not let the mask hang low around
your neck.

Precaution on reaching your home
2.Dispose used mask and gloves by throwing them in a covered
dustbin

3.if you have carried your bag/register,mobile etc.wipe them
down with the disinfectant solution

4.Frequently Wash hand as often thoroughly with soap and
water for 40 seconds or with 70% alcohol-based hand sanitizer
before you tough anything else.

Protect from animal also….
• Avoid direct contact with animals and surfaces in contact with
animals.
• Ensure good food safety practices at all times.
• Handle raw meat, milk or animal organs with care to avoid
contamination of uncooked foods and avoid consuming raw or
undercooked animal products.

OTHER PREVENTION
• Don’t Spit in public place.
• Have a close contact with anyone, if you’re experiencing cough
and fever

Treatment
• No specific treatments
• Most people with illness will recover on their own
• Something can be done to relieve symptoms such as
• Taking pain and fever medications (caution: Aspirin should not be
given to children)
• Using a room humidifider or taking a hot shower to help ease a
sore throat and cough
• During sick,drink plenty of liquids ,stay home and rest
• Contact health care provider

Global Surveillance for human infection with
coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
• This document provides guidance to Member States on implementation of
global surveillance of COVID-19. The objectives of this global surveillance
are:
• To monitor trends of the disease where human to human transmission
occurs;
• Rapidly detect new cases in countries where the virus is not circulating;
• Provide epidemiological information to conduct risk assessments at the
national, regional and global level; and
• Provide epidemiological information to guide preparedness and response
measures.

Is COVID-19 the same as SARS?
• No. The virus that causes COVID-19 and the one that caused
the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in
2003 are related to each other genetically, but the diseases
they cause are quite different. SARS was more deadly but
much less infectious than COVID-19. There have been no
outbreaks of SARS anywhere in the world since 2003.

for further information
• Call at Ministry of Health, Govt. of India’s 24X7 control room
number +91-11-2397 8046
• Email at ncov2019@gmail.com
• Whatsapp 9013151515

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