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- 1. 2015 Global CityReport THE CITY PROSPERITY INITIATIVE Caracas, Venezuela © Regina Orvañanos
- 2. UN-Habitat is theUnited Nations programme working towards a better urban future. Its mission is to promote socially and environmentally sustainable human settlements development and the achieve- ment of adequate shelter for all. UN-Habitat, the United Nations programme for human settlements, is at the helm of that change, assuming a natural leadership and catalytic role in urban matters. Partners International City Leaders (ICL) works with partners to build capacity to manage urban growth through strategy development, organizational gap analysis and training and conference design at local, national and global levels. It aims to bridge the knowledge gap between local and central governments, city leaders and academia by creating a space for mayors, elected officials and city leaders to gain knowledge and expertise on a host of innovative developments in the field of sustainable urban development. Credits City Prosperity Initiative Coordinators: Eduardo López Moreno, Regina Orvañanos Murguía Global City Report: Eduardo López Moreno, Regina Orvañanos Murguía, Giulia Lavagna Data Collection: Robert Ndugwa, Anthony Abilla, Sandy Okth, Irene Maina, Regina Orvañanos Murguía Design and Layout: Giulia Lavagna Country Projects Mexico: Erik Vittrup, Alfonso Iracheta Colombia: Edgar Cafaño, Alfredo Bateman Saudi Arabia: Tarek El-Sheik, Dr. Abdul Rahman Al-Sheikh Kenya: Cecilia Anderson, Jose Luis Chong International City Leaders - CPI Metropolitan Reza Pourvaziry, President John Hogan, Executive Director Prabha Khosla, Director of Programmes DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning delimitations of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The analysis, conclu- sions and reccomendations of this reports do not necessarely reflect the views of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme or its Governing Council. The Report is produced with official data provided by governments and additional information gathered by the Global Urban Observatory. Cities and countries are invited to update data relevant to them. It is important to acknowledge that data varies according to definitions and sources.
- 3. Content A summary ofthe City Prosperity Initiative results Introduction The City Prosperity Initiative.................................................................................................................................. Methodology CPI Framework..................................................................................................................................................... Conceptualizing Prosperity.................................................................................................................................... Indicators.............................................................................................................................................................. 2015 Global City Report Overview of cities.................................................................................................................................................. CPI 6 dimensions.................................................................................................................................................. Prosperity Index classification................................................................................................................................ 2015 Prosperity Index Cities with very solid prosperity index.................................................................................................................... Cities with solid prosperity index........................................................................................................................... Cities with moderately solid prosperity index......................................................................................................... Cities with moderately weak prosperity index........................................................................................................ Cities with weak and very weak prosperity index................................................................................................... 2015 Regional Index Africa.................................................................................................................................................................... America................................................................................................................................................................ Asia and Oceania.................................................................................................................................................. Europe.................................................................................................................................................................. 2015 Dimension Index Productivity........................................................................................................................................................... Infrastructure........................................................................................................................................................ Quality of Life....................................................................................................................................................... Equity and Inclusion.............................................................................................................................................. Environmental sustainability.................................................................................................................................. Governance and legislation................................................................................................................................... 2015 Global CPI Implementation CPI Conclusions.................................................................................................................................................... CPI Framework..................................................................................................................................................... Linking Data to Policy Making............................................................................................................................... CPI as Strategy...................................................................................................................................................... A way foward to more prosperous cities............................................................................................................... The CPI as monitoring tool for SDG 11..................................................................................................................Lisbon, Portugal © Giulia Lavagna pg. 1 pg. 2 pg. 3 pg. 4 pg. 5 pg. 6 pg. 7 pg. 9 pg. 10 pg. 11 pg. 12 pg. 13 pg. 15 pg. 16 pg. 17 pg. 18 pg. 20 pg. 21 pg. 22 pg. 23 pg. 24 pg. 25 pg. 27 pg. 28 pg. 29 pg. 30 pg. 34 pg. 35
- 4. In 2012, UN-Habitatcreated a tool to measure the sustainability of cities. This tool known as The City Prosperity Index was accompanied by a conceptual matrix, the Wheel of Urban Prosperity. In 2013, UN- Habitat received numerous requests from local autho- rities and central governments to estimate their respective prosperity indexes. Mayors and other decision-makers wanted to know how their cities feature in comparison with other cities. This included knowledge on how to improve ratings and measurements of cities towards the prosperity path, including gaining critical insights into which programmes and policies work, and the possi- ble impacts these actions may have. CPI - Introduction The City Prosperity Initiative As a result of these demands, UN-Habitat transformed the City Prosperity Index into a global initiative known as the City Prosperity Initiative. This initiative is both a metric and a policy dialogue, which offers cities from developed and developing countries the possibility to create indicators and baseline information. It also serves to define targets and goals that can support the formulation of evidence-based policies, including the definition of city-visions and long- term plans that are both ambitious and measurable. UN-Habitat’s City Prosperity Initiative (CPI) not only provides indices and measurements relevant to cities, it also enables city authorities, as well as local and natio- nal stakeholders, to identify opportunities and poten- tial areas of intervention for their cities to become more prosperous. A tool to measure sustainable urban development Lima, Perù © Giulia Lavagna 1
- 5. CPI - Methodology CPIFramework GLOBAL CITY MONITORING - Global Monitoring is the starting point for the compari- son of cities, using a limited number of indicators that are representative of Prosperity and Sustainable Urban Development; - The Global City Report uses official data from cities and countries in most cases. However, UN-Habitat validates and in some cases looks for other official or reliable sources to complement the data gathering; - In some cases official data are not reliable or comparable because cities and countries use different local/national definitions for some indicators (i.e. unemployment, pover- ty..) - More governance indicators are required for better diagnosis and comparability because they create some distorsion in values of cities like Vienna, Tokyo or Sao Paulo; - UN-Habitat invites cities to participate in the City Prospe- rity Initiative to advance the data collection and the policy analysis to higher levels as described in the last section; - For the 2016 edition of The Global City Report, UN-Habitat will strive to expand the use of comparable indicators in various dimensions that requires further analysis: - municipal finance within Governance and Legislation - mobility within Infrastructure - public spaces within Quality of Life. GLOBAL CITY RANKING Global and Regional Monitoring The CPI is constructed incrementally favouring, at the basic level, the regional or global comparison and at the advan- ced level providing the possibility to integrate contextual aspects of cities. This incremental approach includes the potential to understand and measure cities comparative advantages, as well as policies and actions which the CPI is intended to assess. Thus, the CPI is measured according to four scenarions: - Global City Ranking - The Basic City Prosperity Index - The Extended City Prosperity Index - The Contextual City Prosperity Index BASIC CPI Initial Diagnosis Internationally Comparable EXTENDED CPI In-depth Diagnosis Comparable within country CONTEXTUAL CPI Policy performance and urban monitoring tool 2
- 6. CPI - Methodology ConceptualizingProsperity Productivity A prosperous city contributes to economic growth and development, generating income, employment and equal opportunities that further provide adequa- te living standards for the entire population. Infrastructure A prosperous city deploys the infrastructure, physical assets and amenities – adequate water, sanitation, power supply, road network, information and communications techno- logy, etc. – required to sustain both the population and the economy, and provide better quality of life. Quality of life Prosperous cities provide amenities such as social services, education, health, recreation, safety and security required for improved living standards, enabling the population to maximize individual potential and to lead fulfilling lives. Equity and Social Inclusion A city is only prosperous to the extent that poverty and inequalities are minimal. No city can claim to be prosperous when large segments of the population live in abject poverty and deprivation. This involves reducing the incidence of slums and new forms of poverty and marginalization. Enviromental Sustainability The growth of cities and their economic development do not destroy or degrade the environment; instead, the city’s natural assets are preserved for the sake of sustainable urbanization. Well-planned cities promote environmental sustainability. Governance and Legislation Cities are best able to combine sustainability and shared prosperity through effective urban governance and transformational leadership, deploying appro- priate and effective policies, laws and regulations, and creating adequate institutional frameworks with strong local institutions and sound institutional arran- gements. 3
- 7. CPI - Methodology Indicators PRODUCTIVITYINFRASTRUCTURE QUALITY OF LIFE EQUITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY GOVERNANCE AND LEGISLATION 1. Economic Streght - City Product per capita 2. Employment - Unemployment Rate 1. Housing Infrastructure - Improved Shelter - Access To Improved Water 2. Social Infrastructure - Physicians Density 3. ICT - Internet Access 4. Urban Mobility - Traffic Fatalities 1. Health - Life Expectancy at birth - Under-Five Mortality Rate 2. Education - Literacy Rate - Mean Years of Schooling 3. Safety and Security - Homicide Rate 1. Economic Equity - Gini Coefficient - Poverty Rate 2. Social Inclusion - Slum Households - Youth Unemployment 3. Gender Inclusion - Equitable Secondary School Enrolment 1. Air Quality - PM2.5 Concentration 2. Waste Management - Waste Water Treatment 3. Energy - Share of Renewable Energy - CO2 Emissions 1. Participation - Voter Turnout 2. Institutional Capacity - Days to Start a Business The City Prosperity Index (CPI) is, by definition, a multidimensional index. Hence, the prosperity of a city is determined based on a collection of factors or dimensions that are related to conceptualizations of a prosperous city. Each dimension is composed of sub-dimensions, which are defined from a group of variables (or indicators) that are measured for each city. When sub-dimensions are made-up by two or more indicators, they are aggregated into one single value. Indicators are standardized using internationally-observed benchmark (UN-Habitat, 2015). A clear definition of each indicator is presented in the CPI Methodological Guide - Measurament of Cities: Methodology and Metadata. 4
- 8. CPI - 2015Global City Report Overview of Cities More than 60 cities around the world America Buenos Aires Ciudad Obregon Fortaleza Guadalajara Guayaquil Guatemala City Lima Medellin Mexico City Montreal New York Panama City Quito Sao Paulo Toronto Africa Accra Addis Abeba Cape Town Dar es Salaam Harare Kampala Lagos Lusaka Mekelle Nairobi Asia and Oceania Abha Almaty Bangkok Hong Kong Jakarta Karachi Kathmandu Manila Melbourne Osaka Sydney Tokyo Yerevan Ulaanbaatar Europe Amsterdam-Utrecht Athens Barcelona Berlin Brusels Budapest Copenhagen Dublin Helsinki Lisbon London Madrid Manchester Milan Oslo Paris Prague Stockholm Vienna Warsaw Zurich The City Prosperity Initiative proposes a fresh approach to urban prosperity and sustainability. One that is holistic, integrated and essential for the promotion of collective well- being and fulfilment of all. This new approach helps cities to steer the world towards economically, socially, politically and environmentally urban futures. 5
- 9. CPI - 2015Global City Report CPI 6 Dimensions A Flexible Monitoring framework The CPI is not a rigid blueprint; it is a living framework – one that intentionally leaves room for cities to respond to contextual needs, and to move creatively according to their possibili- ties, challenges and opportunities. As part of this flexible approach, the CPI has a double function. Firstly, it serves as a platform for global comparability in which cities can assess their situation, and compare their rate and present performance with other cities worldwide. Secondly, it acts as a strategic policy tool where the data and information is adapted to local or contextual needs, and used to measure progress and identify deficiencies in the different dimensions of prosperity. City Oslo Copenhagen Stockholm Helsinki Paris Vienna Melbourne Montreal Toronto Sydney Berlin Milan Amsterdam-Utrecht Brussel Tokyo Manchester Prague London Osaka Zurich Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 86.76 84.79 83.47 81.41 80.67 80.53 80.30 79.88 79.80 79.77 79.27 79.20 78.93 78.32 77.82 77.50 77.39 77.06 76.99 76.50 CPI Lisbon Madrid New York Hong Kong Dublin Budapest Barcelona Athens Warsaw Buenos Aires Mexico City Lima Almaty Ciudad Obregon Guadalajara Medellin Panama City Guayaquil Sao Paulo Jakarta Rank 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 76.10 74.78 74.43 73.35 73.23 73.22 72.88 70.79 70.57 68.56 68.07 67.82 67.44 64.35 64.21 62.49 61.17 61.17 59.35 57.23 CPI Bangkok Ulaanbaatar Guatemala City Manila Quito Abha Yerevan Fortaleza Nairobi Cape Town Kathmandu Accra Mekelle Kampala Dar es Salaam Lagos Karachi Addis Ababa Lusaka Harare 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 56.71 56.58 56.19 55.81 55.50 54.25 53.23 50.96 47.77 47.32 46.98 44.28 44.16 43.27 40.75 37.45 37.00 36.72 35.99 35.68 CPICityRank CPI CityRank CPI 6
- 10. CPI - 2015Global City Report Prosperity Index Classification 100 CPI 90 CPI 80 CPI 70 CPI 60 CPI 50 CPI 40 CPI 30 CPI 20 CPI 10 CPI 0 CPI VERY SOLID VERY WEAK SOLID WEAK MODERATELY SOLID 36% of the analyzed cities has a solid prosperi- ty index and present an overall balanced development of the prosperity dimensions 6% of the analyzed cities have a very weak prosperity index and they mainly belong to the African region MODERATELY WEAK 11% of the analyzed cities have a weak prospe- rity index and feature contrasted patterns among the dimensions in the CPI 81%of cities with a moderately solid prosperi- ty index belong to the Latin American region and exhibit a less-cordinated development of the prospe- rity dimensions 35% of the analyzed cities from Asia and Ocenania has a moderately weak prosperity index Udaipur, India © Giulia Lavagna 85% of cities with a very solid prosperity index belong to Europe 7
- 11. 2015 Prosperity Index SaoPaulo, Brazil © Giulia Lavagna 8
- 12. CPI - ProsperityIndex Cities with very solid prosperity index CPI above 80 points CPICity Productivity Infrastructure Quality of Life Equity Sustainability Governance 86.76 84.79 83.47 80.67 80.53 80.30 81.41 Oslo Copenhagen Helsinki Paris Vienna Melbourne Stockholm 87.39 74.72 77.21 72.71 75.51 77.51 75.88 90.69 83.13 89.61 84.88 89.93 81.52 88.68 90.95 93.49 94.43 91.59 90.63 91.51 90.32 87.46 87.15 84.75 82.44 86.02 84.00 89.10 85.39 88.64 89.16 72.62 85.52 58.83 85.00 79.24 82.84 68.51 81.44 60.23 93.85 63.25 In the world’s cities with a very solid prosperity index the six dimensions of Urban Prosperity are well developed overall, with very little variations among them. The strong integration and homogeneous balance of all the dimensions show that these cities have achieved a good sinergy between urban planning, urban governance and nance for the collective interest. It allows them to be ‘hubs’ of prosperity thank to the high production of good and services within a safe and secure environment. Not surprisingly, the prosperity dimensions of ‘Quality of Life’ and ‘Equity and Social Inclusion’ are the ones that present higher average values, re ecting a well- educated population, with higher life expectancy, living in an equitable and inclusive society. Oslo Copenhagen Stockholm Helsinki Paris Vienna Melbourne - 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CPI Productivity Infrastructure Quality of Life Equity Sustainability Governance Copenhagen, Denmark © Giulia Lavagna 9
- 13. CPI - ProsperityIndex Cities with solid prosperity index CPI between 79 and 70 points Montreal Toronto Sydney Berlin Milan Amsterdam-Utrecht Brussels Tokyo Manchester Prague The cities with a solid prosperity index show well- connected dimensions of Urban Prosperity, genera- ting a self-reinforcing, cumulative momentum. Even if the cities with solid prosperity factor belong to countries with different cultures and development background, they all show relatively strong institu- tions and large availability of public goods. While the dimension of ‘Quality of Life’ still presents high average values - in specific cases – ‘Productivity’ and ‘Environmental Sustainability’ strongly affect the performance of the city in the global ranking of the CPI. A responsive and effective urban governance and regulation on urban planning will contribute to the growth of employment and economic strength that will positively impact on the productivity dimension. CPICity Productivity Infrastructure Quality of Life Equity Sustainability Governance 79.88 79.80 79.77 79.20 78.93 77.82 77.50 78.32 77.39 79.27 Montreal Toronto Berlin Milan Amsterdam-Utrecht Brussel Tokyo Manchester Prague Sydney 73.71 74.17 76.77 73.83 78.02 84.07 70.53 69.98 75.16 71.57 75.57 76.46 81.41 79.47 82.81 81.82 82.04 86.45 89.01 87.25 91.38 92.41 89.42 92.89 86.92 95.18 91.84 87.74 92.58 94.95 88.13 85.81 84.86 79.42 88.68 89.40 83.47 74.90 91.97 87.93 82.66 82.00 58.83 73.37 60.98 65.71 68.90 66.59 68.37 74.31 70.04 70.04 92.37 77.69 79.64 57.73 70.88 87.20 55.17 64.05 - 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CPI Productivity Infrastructure Quality of Life Equity Sustainability Governance Sydney, Australia © Pablo Petrini 10
- 14. CPI - ProsperityIndex Buenos Aires Mexico City Lima Almaty Ciudad Obregon Guadalajara Medellin Panama City Guayaquil A moderately solid prosperity index is symptom of a less balanced development between the six dimen- sions of Urban Prosperity, in fact, cities within this group present urban management practices under- going a process of consolidation. ‘Infrastructure’ is the dimension that is mainly affected by less solid institutions and regulatory framework, together with ‘Productivity’ and ‘Gover- nance’. This often reflects a poor Housing and Social infrastructure as well as mobility problem throughout the city, as in the case of Lima for example. It is interesting to notice that the moderately prosperi- ty index group is mainly characterized by cities from Latin America and Caribbean, despite the fact that is the most urbanized region in the world. Cities with moderately solid prosperity index CPI between 69 and 60 points - 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CPI Productivity Infrastructure Quality of Life Equity Sustainability Governance CPICity Productivity Infrastructure Quality of Life Equity Sustainability Governance 68.56 68.07 67.82 64.35 64.21 61.17 61.17 62.49 67.44 Buenos Aires Mexico City Almaty Ciudad Obregon Guadalajara Medellin Panama City Guayaquil Lima 72.06 61.19 58.63 63.93 62.77 50.49 48.12 54.87 68.46 74.48 63.18 53.99 48.90 51.64 61.51 48.47 63.51 64.77 77.66 75.06 77.76 67.76 70.10 68.65 76.08 65.83 73.78 67.64 69.66 80.05 80.93 75.26 56.60 73.56 66.92 89.29 61.22 70.91 57.41 67.56 72.20 58.01 59.58 68.49 43.31 60.18 69.43 85.99 61.33 56.39 74.87 67.36 56.64 74.35 Lima, Perù © Giulia Lavagna 11
- 15. CPI - ProsperityIndex Cities with moderately weak prosperity index present wider discrepancies among the six dimensions of Urban Prosperity, which show a less balance development of the urban system, often due to institutional and structural failings. The dimension of ‘Infrastructure’ is the one that shows the lowest average value, followed by ‘Produc- tivity’. While the dimensions of ‘Quality of Life’ and ‘Equity and Social Inclusion’ still have a higher perfor- mance when compared to general values, cities with moderately weak prosperity index feature contrasted patterns, with a neat division between rich and poor. The city of Yerevan in Armenia particularly stands out for the low value of ‘Environmental Sustainability’, due to the lack of renewable energy consumption. Cities with moderately weak prosperity index CPI between 59 and 50 points Sao Paulo Jakarta Bangkok Ulaanbaatar Guatemala City Manila Quito Abha Yerevan Fortaleza CPICity Productivity Infrastructure Quality of Life Equity Sustainability Governance 59.35 57.23 56.71 56.19 55.81 54.25 53.23 55.50 56.58 Sao Paulo Jakarta Ulaanbaatar Guatemala City Manila Quito Abha Yerevan Bangkok 62.68 48.67 66.30 48.79 45.60 57.03 37.87 46.72 61.57 66.83 49.54 33.51 45.59 57.67 31.95 60.98 50.16 51.88 75.10 74.45 74.78 54.99 64.67 85.43 84.56 77.34 66.50 58.63 63.58 66.22 66.18 51.79 64.10 64.31 73.21 65.15 69.79 67.78 67.01 69.82 66.45 43.83 25.33 58.82 36.44 33.84 45.42 45.15 55.68 51.62 58.27 71.55 37.46 65.02 - 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CPI Productivity Infrastructure Quality of Life Equity Sustainability Governance 12 Sao Paulo, Brazil © Giulia Lavagna 50.96Fortaleza 57.06 49.28 62.14 47.23 68.65 30.90
- 16. CPI - ProsperityIndex Cities with weak and very weak prosperity index CPI below 49 points In most cities with weak and very weak prosperity index, much remains to be done especially in terms of ‘Infrastructure’ and ‘Productivity’. In fact, the produc- tion of goods and services is still too low, often as reflection of underdevelopment. Historic structural problems and chronic inequality of opportunities are critical factors that strongly impact on the degree of urban prosperity of the city in these brackets. Most of the cities perform better on environment indicator, thank to lower emissions when compared to more developed countries. Dysfunctional systems, institutional failings and inade- quate capital investment in public goods are reflected in high dispersion of the index values across the dimensions, which show deep discrepancies. Nairobi Cape Town Kathmandu Mekelle Kampala Dar es Salaam Lagos Karachi Accra Addis Ababa CPICity Productivity Infrastructure Quality of Life Equity Sustainability Governance 47.77 47.32 46.98 44.16 43.27 37.45 37.00 40.75 44.28 Nairobi Cape Town Accra Mekelle Kampala Dar es Salaam Lagos Karachi Kathmandu 36.49 46.06 27.26 24.92 25.70 25.58 41.53 36.89 21.30 40.93 47.32 30.83 35.38 27.41 38.42 49.15 15.57 28.49 57.54 49.67 57.19 49.62 51.21 47.80 37.19 52.21 55.37 38.28 45.51 65.41 45.50 61.74 25.96 68.66 60.75 62.73 61.35 50.03 53.75 58.67 60.29 46.99 9.14 57.41 52.44 58.84 45.56 63.59 63.45 48.88 48.14 53.86 43.80 68.22 - 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CPI Productivity Infrastructure Quality of Life Equity Sustainability Governance Kampala, Uganda © Regina Orvañanos 13 36.72Addis Ababa 9.31 27.31 58.77 46.00 58.74 60.73
- 17. 2015 Regional Index MinasGerais, Brazil © Giulia Lavagna 14
- 18. Stone Town, Zanzibar© Giulia Lavagna 15 CPI by Region Africa Among the 10 African cities included in the 2015 Global City ranking, Nairobi, Cape Town and Accra are the ones presenting higher prosperity indexes. In fact, urbanization in Africa features the concentration of significant proportions of the national urban popu- lation in one or a very small number of cities. Basic infrastructure and communication networks have undergone tangible improvements in many cities, while public transport still features as a major issue on the urban development agenda. Inequalities and poverty still remain at the heart of Africa’s problems. South African cities have experienced significant economic growth, but in the past two decades life expectancy has declined substantially, affecting quali- ty of life. Cape Town for example presents the more balanced development between the dimensions of Urban Prosperity. City Nairobi Cape Town Accra Mekelle Kampala Dar es Salaam Lagos Addis Ababa Lusaka Harare Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 47.77 47.32 44.28 44.16 43.27 40.75 37.45 36.72 35.99 35.68 CPI Africa, urbanization and positive change Economies of agglomeration, location advantages, and diversification of the economic base are some of the typical factors of prosperity still developing in the ongoing urban economic momentum in Africa. The data shows that most of the African cities are still lacking of basic infrastructure and communication networks and face serious public transport deficiencies, that inevitably also affect the productivity dimension. African cities must connect to regional and global business networks to enhance quality of life and respond to inequality and poverty issues, if they are to turn into real engines of national growth and prosperity. Nairobi Cape Town Accra Mekelle Kampala - 20,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 CPI 6 Productivity Infrastructure Quality of lifeEquity and Social Inclusion Enviromental Sustainability Governance and Legislation 40,00
- 19. Buenos Aires, Argentina© Giulia Lavagna 16 CPI by Region America In North America, most of the growing cities corre- spond to the most dynamic regions and those experiencing population losses are located in less dynamic regions. Cities and the surrounding regions are typically interdependent economically and tend to share similar socio-economic and demographic trends. Montreal, Toronto and New York from North America region are good example. On the other side in the Latin America and the Caribbean, small- and medium-size cities in the region are not only growing faster, but are also becoming destinations of choice for people who were living in larger agglomerations. In fact, in many Latin American cities, economies have diversified through de-industrialization and the expansion of tertiary activities. City Montreal Toronto New York Buenos Aires Mexico City Lima Ciudad Obregon Guadalajara Medellin Panama City Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 79.88 79.80 74.43 68.56 68.07 67.82 64.35 64.21 62.49 61.17 CPI - 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 CPI 6 Productivity Infrastructure Quality of lifeEquity and Social Inclusion Enviromental Sustainability Governance and Legislation Montreal Toronto New York Buenos Aires Mexico City The Americas: one region, different challenges While cities in North America must create capacities that will enable them to understand and anticipate trends as well as develop appropriate strategies to harness the growth and offset the decline of some areas or regions, Latin American cities must become more productive and generate local jobs, while improving transport infrastructure and living condi- tions. In both sub-regions the dimension of Governance and Legislation has still to be improved in order to better articula- te their strategic advantages with national economic policies and creative capital in order to increase the prosperity index.
- 20. Osaka, Japan ©Giulia Lavagna 17 CPI by Region Asia and Oceania No developing region has invested more than Asia in advanced knowledge infrastructure for economic development. A combination of public and private sector capital expenditure has provided the modern infrastructure required for industrial expansion, research and development, innovation and entrepre- neurship. This in turn has enhanced the economic potential and competitiveness of so many cities in Asia. Over the last two decades the Asian infrastruc- ture development focused on improving productivity, which has gone hand in hand with economic growth and urbanization. The dimension of enviromental sustainability has been often neglected and it is the one at the moment impacting the most on the overall performance of Asian cities in the CPI ranking. City Melbourne Sydney Tokyo Osaka Hong Kong Almaty Jakarta Bangkok Ulaanbaatar Manila Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 80.30 79.77 77.82 76.99 74.35 67.44 57.23 56.71 56.58 55.81 CPI 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 CPI 6 Productivity Infrastructure Quality of lifeEquity and Social Inclusion Enviromental Sustainability Governance and Legislation Melbourne Sydney Tokyo Osaka Hong Kong Asia, new economic geographies for cities Half of the world’s urban population now lives in Asia. Large population concentrations in mega-cities are to remain a prominent feature in urban Asia and the newly industrialized agglomerations tent to be more dispersed and less well planned. In Arab States, there are very few large urban configurations. In the Near East, the evolution is from mono- to polycentric or diffuse urban corridor formats, especially in Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. Trans-border cities are expanding along highways and modern transportation networks and they tend to be linear along urban corridors.
- 21. Amsterdam, Netherlands ©Giulia Lavagna 18 CPI by Region Europe Regional and national urban planning through central government in collaboration with other key stakehol- ders plays a critical role in determining the prosperity and growth of cities. Cities like Oslo, Copenhagen and Stockholm are doing well, as do the regions where they are located. With their relatively well- educated and fully employed populations, they base their economic momentum on a combination of factors, since they act as administrative and financial as well as cultural capital cities. Urban planning has had much more influence here than in any other region of the world. Located along major transport routes, urban configurations are specialized industrial and business centres, but with less dense populations than other cities in developing regions. City Oslo Copenhagen Stockholm Helsinki Paris Vienna Berlin Milan Amsterdam-Utrecht Brussels Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 86.76 84.79 83.47 81.41 80.67 80.53 79.27 79.20 78,93 78,32 CPI Oslo Copenhagen Stockholm Helsinki Paris CPI 6 Productivity Infrastructure Quality of lifeEquity and Social Inclusion Enviromental Sustainability Governance and Legislation Europe, demographic aging and prosperity There is no clear association between the demographic growth or decline of cities and their degrees of prosperity. Althou- gh population numbers have declined in a number of cities in Western Europe, this did not affect living standards. In fact the prosperity of entire regions is largely dependent on a primate conurbation and the concentration of services and manufacturing that comes with it. On the other hand, and as might be expected, population declines in a number of cities in Eastern Europe are strongly associated with economic decay. 20,00 40,00 80,00 100,00 60,00
- 22. 2015 Dimension Index Jodhpur,India © Giulia Lavagna 19
- 23. CPI by Dimension Productivity City Oslo Zurich Tokyo HongKong Amsterdam-Utrecht Melbourne Stockholm Sydney Osaka Helsinki Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 87.39 84.47 84.07 78.40 78.02 77.51 77.21 76.77 76.10 75.88 Productivity A prosperous city contributes to economic growth and development, generating income, employment and equal opportunities that further provide adequate living standards for the entire population. Enhancing urban productivity is clearly desirable, as it improves competitiveness and, ultimately, the prospe- rity of any city. More productive cities are able to increase output with the same amounts of resources, generating additional real income that can raise living standards through more affordable goods and services. Raising urban productivity is not a goal in itself, but a critical starting point to provide residents with decent income for their basic needs and adequa- te living standards. New York - CPI 74.43 Productivity 75.12 Buenos Aires - CPI 68.56 Productivity 72.06 Cape Town - CPI 47.32 Productivity 46.06 Oslo - CPI 88.76 Productivity 87.39 Tokyo - CPI 77.82 Productivity 84.07 Melbourne- CPI 80.30 Productivity 77.51 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Oslo Montreal Buenos Aires Jakarta Nairobi Economic Strenght Employment Productivity Index World Map: Top Cities for Productivity per world region Addis Ababa, Ethiopia © Regina Orvañanos 20
- 24. CPI by Dimension Infrastructure City Oslo Vienna Stockholm Prague Helsinki Zurich Madrid Berlin Brussels London Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 90.69 89.93 89.61 89.01 88.68 87.81 87.32 87.25 86.45 86.16 Infrastructure Aprosperous city deploys the infrastructure, physical assets and amenities – adequate water, sanitation, power supply, road network, information and communications technology, etc. – required to sustain both the population and the economy, and provide better quality of life. Infrastructure is crucial for the development, functio- nality and prosperity of urban areas. It provides the foundation on which any city will thrive. Adequate infrastructure – improved water and sanitation, reliable and sufficient power supply, efficient transport networks and modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) – contributes to the sustainability and economic growth of urban areas, promotes the competitiveness of local busines- ses and improves labour productivity. New York - CPI 74.43 Infrastructure 77.06 Buenos Aires - CPI 68.56 Infrastructure 74.48 Cape Town - CPI 47.32 Infrastructure 47.32 Oslo - CPI 88.76 Infrastructure 90.69 Tokyo - CPI 77.78 Infrastructure 81.82 Melbourne- CPI 80.30 Infrastructure 81.52 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Oslo Montreal Buenos Aires Jakarta Nairobi Housing Infrastructure Social Infrastructure ICT Mobility Infrastructure Index World Map: Top Cities for Infrastructure per world region Lisbon, Portugal © Giulia Lavagna 21
- 25. CPI by Dimension Qualityof Life City Zurich Osaka Tokyo Berlin Stockholm Copenhagen Milan London Prague Toronto Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 95.40 95.19 95.18 94.95 94.43 93.49 92.89 92.72 92.58 92.41 Quality of Life Prosperous cities provide amenities such as social services, education, health, recreation, safety and security required for improved living standards, enabling the population to maximize individual potential and to lead fulfilling lives. Toronto - CPI 79.80 Quality of Life 92.41 Lima - CPI 67.82 Quality of Life 77.76 Addis Ababa - CPI 36.72 Quality of Life 58.77 Zurich - CPI 76.50 Quality of Life 95.40 Osaka - CPI 76.99 Quality of Life 95.19 Melbourne - CPI 80.30 Quality of Life 91.51 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Oslo Montreal Buenos Aires Jakarta Nairobi Safety Education Health Quality of Life Index Quality of life underpins the functionality of cities: the notion is at the crossroads of all policies and actions, and represents a synthesis of all the dimensions of prosperity. Inhabitants value assurances to live and work freely, good quality of education, adequate housing with basic services, public spaces and meaningful employment with decent income as the most important factors promoting quality of life and prosperity in their cities. It remains that the quality of urban life is a broader concept that includes a full range of factors. World Map: Top Cities for Quality of Life per world region Zagreb, Croatia © Regina Orvañanos 22
- 26. CPI by Dimension Equityand Social Inclusion City Prague Tokyo Amalty Helsinki Amsterdam-Utrecht Osaka Montreal Berlin Oslo Zurich Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 91.97 89.40 89.29 89.10 88.68 88.59 88.13 87.93 87.46 87.27 Equity A city is only prosperous to the extent that poverty and inequalities are minimal. No city can claim to be prosperous when large segments of the population live in abject poverty and deprivation. This involves reducing the incidence of slums and new forms of poverty and marginalization. Equity involves systematic re-distribution of the economic benefits of growth or development, with legal frameworks ensuring a ‘level playing field’ and institutions protecting the rights of the poor, minori- ties and vulnerable groups. Promotion of equity also involves enhancing socioeconomic equality and provi- ding for civic participation by all in the social, political and cultural spheres. When actively pursued, equity can act as a powerful catalyst for prosperity, exerting multiplier effects on other prosperity factors. Montreal- CPI 79.88 Equity and Social Inclusion 88.13 Lima - CPI 67.82 Equity and Social Inclusion 80.05 Accra- CPI 44.28 Equity and Social Inclusion 62.73 Prague - CPI 77.39 Equity and Social Inclusion 91.97 Tokyo - CPI 77.82 Equity and Social Inclusion 89.40 Sydney CPI 79.77 Equity and Social Inclusion 84.86 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Oslo Montreal Buenos Aires Jakarta Nairobi Economic Equity Social inclusion Gender Equity and Social Inclusion Index World Map: Top Cities for Equity and Social Inclusion per world region Buenos Aires, Argentina © Giulia Lavagna 23
- 27. CPI by Dimension EnviromentalSustainability City Stockholm Zurich Copenhagen Lisbon Vienna Oslo Helsinki Montreal Toronto Barcelona Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 89.16 88.69 88.64 86.81 85.52 85.39 85.00 82.66 82.00 78.50 Sustainability The growth of cities and their economic development do not destroy or degrade the environment; instead, the city’s natural assets are preserved for the sake of sustainable urbanization. Well-planned prosperous cities tent to protect the environment and preserve biodiversity. The prosperity and environmental sustainability of cities are inextricably linked. Environmental sustaina- bility is central to the qualitative changes necessary to transform cities and urban lives, particularly the lives of the urban poor. This is due to the fact that environmentally sustainable cities are vibrant and offer good quality of life. Such cities are more likely to attract the skills and entrepreneurship essential for growth and prosperity. Montreal - CPI 79.88 Sustainability 82.66 Mexico City - CPI 68.07 Sustainability 70.91 Nairobi - CPI 47.77 Sustainability 61.35 Stockholm - CPI 83.47 Sustainability 89.16 Jakarta - CPI 57.23 Sustainability 67.78 Sydney - CPI 79.77 Sustainability 58.83 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Oslo Montreal Buenos Aires Jakarta Nairobi Air Quality Energy Waste Enviromental Sustainability Index World Map: Top Cities for Environmental Sustainability per world region Tokyo, Japan © Giulia Lavagna 24
- 28. CPI by Dimension Governanceand Legislation City Melbourne Sydney Brussels Lima Copenhagen Paris Amsterdam-Utrecht Oslo Milan Panama City Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 93.85 92.37 87.20 85.99 82.84 81.44 79.64 79.24 77.69 74.87 Governance Cities are best able to combine sustainability and shared prosperity through effective urban governance and transformational leadership, deploying appropriate and effective policies, laws and regulations, and creating adequate institutional frameworks with strong local institutions and sound institutional arrangements. The success of some of the cities is based on specific combinations of laws, regulations, institutions and processes. They act as the levers that can optimize the social function of property and balance it out with private rights and assets. Institutions and regulations can revitalize ‘Rights to the Commons’ and expand the public realm. The capacity for a city to maintain extensive and quality shared spaces and facilities provides a good indication of its degree of prosperity. New York - CPI 74.43 Governance 70.25 Lima - CPI 67.82 Governance 85.99 Accra - CPI 48.38 Governance 68.22 Brussels- CPI 78.32 Governance 87.20 Almaty - CPI 67.44 Governance 74.35 Melbourne - CPI 80.30 Governance 93.85 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Oslo Montreal Buenos Aires Jakarta Nairobi Participation Institutional Capacity Governance and Legislation Index World Map: Top Cities for Governance and Legislation per world region Brasilia, Brazil © Giulia Lavagna 25
- 29. 2015 Global CPIImplementation Pushkar, india © Giulia Lavagna 26
- 30. CPI - Implementation CPIConclusions A multi-scale decision-making tool The CPI’s objective is to support decision-making for multi-scale levels of government ranging from national urban policies to regional and metropolitan strategies; and city-wide interventions to sub-city districts or neighborhoods. The CPI gives decision-makers the ability to make adequate and evidence-based decisions from a territorial perspective, thus articu- lating different tiers of government and sectoral interventions in urban areas. Prosperity Index CPI by Region CPI by Dimension The comparison by dimension reinforces the impor- tance of the relation between the overall prosperity level of cities and a homogeneous development of all the dimensions. In most cases the different dimen- sions interact and in uence each other through various, quasi-automatic linkages. While cities like Helsinki and Melbourne present better values in more than one dimensions of Urban Prosperity, other cities such as Fortaleza and Lagos have divergent values. Boston, United States © Giulia Lavagna The cities classification according to the Prosperity Index allows the comparison between cities with similar prosperity level and shows the strong relationship between balanced development of all the dimensions of prosperity and the overall perfor- mance of cities. Cities like Oslo, Copenhagen and Stockholm offer a high provision of public goods, have strong institution and god balance between private and public sphere. The Regional Ranking shows the comparison between cities of the same geographical area and puts in evidence how often common challenges are shared by several cities among the same world regions. For example, while African cities still are facing an important challenge on the development of proper infrastructure and growth of productivity levels, most of the cities from the Asian and Pacific region are dealing with issues related to environmental sustainability and sustai- nable urbanization. 27
- 31. CPI - Implementation CPIFramework A multi-scale decision-making tool NATIONAL. The CPI supports the development and imple- mentation of integrated national urban policies. Decision- makers are provided with the knowledge to make oppor- tune decisions about their cities small, medium or large – as part of a national system of cities. This helps to amalga- mate the dispersed energy and potential of urban centers, establishing a synergetic connection between urbaniza- tion and national development. This is the case with Mexi- can, Colombian and Saudi Arabia programs. METROPOLITAN. The CPI provides information at the regional and metropolitan levels building linkages betwe- en municipal governments, articulating responses that contemplate city regional development and better integra- tion of sectors. The Metropolitan CPI can detect which municipalities or districts are more advanced in the prospe- rity path, proposing solutions for a more harmonious urban development. The metropolitan area of Guadalajara is a good example. CITY. The CPI produces information at city level, and when data allows, at sub-city level. This information is critical to support local decision-making in key priority areas of development, such as the strengthening of urban legislation and systems of governance, harnessing the urban economy and enhancing urban planning. Global Monitoring Instrument National Initiative City level policiesMetropolitan Strategies Mexico 130 cities Colombia 23 cities Saudi Arabia 17 cities Egypt 200 cities Pictures: Mexico City, Mexico; Bogota, Colombia; Cairo, Egypt; Riyad, Saudi Arabia © Regina Orvañanos 28
- 32. CPI - Implementation LinkingData to Policy-making A framework that promotes integration: UN-Habitat three legged approach The CPI is based on the fundamental principles of human rights. It considers that urbanization, as a process, should adhere to human rights principles, while the city, as an outcome, should meet specific human rights standards that need to be measured. The CPI promotes integration in the implementation of a more sustainable urbanization model, in order to address the environmental, social and economic objectives of sustainability. This integration looks at the mutually reinforcing aspects of the different components of the urbanization process. The CPI proposes a limited number of key, transformational, interventions, which are designed using the essence of the New Urban Agenda main components: the UN-Habitat’s 3 legged approach - urban legislation, urban economy and urban planning. CPI + 3 legged approach are part of the equation of sustainable solutions. 1. Planning and Urban Design A reinvigorated planning involves political choices and commitments, which must be turned into tools and sustainable technical solutions. The City Prosperity Initiative identifies a number of these interventions that can help cities to move on the prosperity path, such as plan infill development and guided city expan- sions, multimodal mobility development strategies, neighborhood planning for enhanced social diversity and mixed-land uses, etc. 2. Urban legislation and governance Laws and institutions provide the normative and organiza- tional underpinnings of urban change and the power and rigor for enabling action, granting authority, defining relations and generally sustaining continuity or triggering change. The City Prosperity Initiative identifies transformati- ve actions in areas such as the reform of urban legal systems, regulations on urban planning, building regulations and zoning laws, and participatory and inclusive land readjustments. 3. Urban economy and municipal finance The City Prosperity Initiative identifies transformative actions that can help local and national governments develop revenue enhancement plans which can leverage innovative tools and simple, transparent revenue collection mechanisms. These mechanisms can harness and support growth while garnering community buy-in for public sector revenue collection efforts. DATA INFO POLICY The three legged approach is a policy formulation framework that avoids that action plans and strategic solutions follow a sectoral approach. CPI connects these three strategic interventions in a way that maximizes benefits and possible impacts. 29
- 33. CPI - Implementation CPIas Strategy - Mexico Implementation of the CPI for 130 cities in Mexico The Mexican Housing Bank (INFONAVIT) and UN-Habitat committed to implement the Urban Prosperity Initiative in Mexico, working on the implementation of the CPI for 130 munici- palities, where most of the mortgage loans are generated. The CPI was used as a strategy to evaluate how the housing sector can impact on urban prosperity and contribute to design more integrated housing policies. 130 Cities (Urban Area) 130 Municipalities (Non-Urban Area) - Rapid urbanization in Mexico have increased the demand for affordable housing and urban infrastructure and services, which cities struggle to cope with. However, housing has not been properly integrated into urban policies in spite of its importance - Assessing Urban Prosperity Urban Prosperity Analysis Institutional strategy Action Plan Definition Urban Prosperity Action Plans will allow local governments to monitor their progress and take each task step-by-step, therefore allowing them to handle the project efficiently. The results will strengthen the new housing approaches, including new comprehensive solutions, with enhanced institutional coordination towards shaping better and more sustainable cities cities. Results - Better Infrastructure: urban mobility and public spaces will be improved and welfare will be increased by a new integrated approach. - Improved Urban Services: Urban services will improve its efficiency and an enhanced public policies framework will allow local managers to be more effective in decision making. - Improved Monitoring Data: Improved data will be available for housing developers, urban planners and local authorities, in order to define proper location for new housing developments that make cities more compact, socially diverse and functional. CiudaddeMexico,Mexico©JoseLuisChong 30
- 34. CPI - Implementation CPIas Strategy - Colombia Implementation of the CPI for 23 cities in Colombia The Decalogue of Prosperity: results and reccomandations 1. Mobility and sustainability are hardly evaluated. The main obstacle is the absence of territorial information. 2. 20 out of 23 colombian cities are part of the group with moderate prosperity index. 3. The prosperity is not determinate by geographic conditions, regional localization or size of cities. 4. There are not remarkable differences between cities. The system of cities is relatively balanced. 5. Rural development is not separated from urban development. Instead, both aspects must be articulated. 6. Social inclusion is highly associated with productivity’s dimensions. 7. Urban planning is a crucial factor to achieve prosperity. 8. It is essential to understand the correlations between sub-dimensions to progress on the path of prosperity. 9. It is fundamental to promote the functional partnership between regional and metropolitan territories. 10. Governance is the hub of prosperity that hold all the dimensions together Assessing Urban Prosperity Urban Prosperity Analysis National Urban Strategy Action Plan for Regional Cluster 38,85 52,73 52,0961,16 49,96 Productivity Infrastructure Quality of LifeEquity and Social Inclusion Enviromental Sustainability The State of the Colombian cities based on the CPI, provides clear information to support policy formulation in order to improve the levels of prosperity of the citizens. Using an expanded CPI adapted to colombian city needs, the study proposes 10 reccomendations ranking from specific city interventions to regional integration and articu- lation of a system of cities. CPIINDEX CITY POPULATION Bogota, Colombia © Regina Orvañanos 31
- 35. CPI - Implementation CPIas Strategy - Saudi Arabia Future Saudi Arabia cities Programme - measuring urban form through the City Prosperity Initiative in 17 cities By implementing the City Prosperity Initiative - with a strong focus on spatial analysis and urban planning support - Saudi Arabian authorities will be able to identify opportunities and potential areas of intervention for their cities to become more prosperous. Innovative spatial indicators of the CPI aim to measure these transformations in order to address them with reinvigorated urban planning and design, adequate laws and institutions and local economic development solutions. CPI, Street Connectivity and Spatial Capital The study disaggregates the results of the Street Connectivity Index in seven typologies grouped by residential and non-residential. The residential type includes formal and informal subdivisions, housing projects and atomistic (organic) development. The non-residential type is comprised of urban ameni- ties, vacant land and open space. Connectivity is not a goal in itself, but a mean to create successful and prospe- rous cities. The role of the street is to connect spaces, people and goods, and thereby facilitating commerce, social interaction and mobility. But not just connectivity is an important spatial variable; cities consist of streets, buildings and open space, their distribution and con guration constitute the spatial capital of a city. Cities that have appropriate layouts, adequate street connecti- vity and suf cient open public spaces are cities that have a spatial capital. This capital can support development in various other areas and contribute to enhance social cohesion and economic productivity. Tabuk city, formal subdivisions Jeddah, atomistic development Vacant Land Open space Intra-city District Analysis City Level Assesment Global Monitoring Central Government Riyadh, Saudi Arabia © Eduardo López Moreno 32
- 36. CPI - Implementation CPIas Strategy - Kenya Inventory and Assesment of Open Public Spaces Open public spaces are important for the quality of life in cities, but solid information about them is needed in order to propose adequate policies. Because of the diffuse lack of data in certain areas of non-traditional indicators, such as public spaces, new methodologies of data collection for inventory and assesment of open public spaces have been developed by UN-Habitat. As one of the CPI indicators, the public spaces inventory has been implemented in various cities of Latin America, Africa and Middle East. Data Collectors Ward Administrator Nairobi City County Planning team UN habitat Data Server Open Public Spaces Assesment Accessibility of Public Spaces assesment, Lima - Perù The character of a city is defined by its streets and public spaces and the connective matrix of streets and public spaces forms the skeleton of the city upon which all else rests. Streets and public space as drivers of economic development: a good connective matrix of public space has impact on economic productivity as it improves the efficiency of the supply chain, reducing production costs and promoting the mobility of goods and people. (UN-Habitat, 2013) The Nairobi City County (NCC) together with UN-Habitat started an open public spaces assesment project in two pilot sub-counties of the 17 in Nairobi: Embakassi North and Dagoretti North. The Open Public Spaces assesment began from the identification of the open public spaces and their accessibility, use, comfort, facilities, safety and green covera- ge as core elements of the geo-reference localization and questionary. The assessment of needs and the creation of a baseline of data and information allows the formulation of more effective and evidence-based policies, togheter with the implementation of specific interventions from the broader UN-Habitat programmes. Nairobi, Kenya © Jose Luis Chong 33
- 37. CPI - Implementation Away forward to more prosperous cities Data Analysis, Best Practices and Policy Simulation The CPI allows cities to define targets and goals that can support the formulation of evidence-based policies and measurable long term plans. The compiled data of the CPI indicators facilitate the analysis of trends and patterns of cities with similar prosperity indexes. At the same time UN-Habitat Best Practices database set up the comparison among a selection of specific policies that have shown similar results to those that would be desired in implementation of a more prosperous city. Finally thank to the policy simulation is possible to predict the impact of the alternative policies on the overall Urban Prosperity level. UN-Habitat is working with the University of Sydney to develop an automatized selection and use of best practices for policy pourposes. Data Analysis As part of a broader worldwide initiative, the CPI does not only provides a deep insight of the prosperity level of the city analysed, but also allows a performances comparison at the level of dimensions, subdimensions or individual indicators, within multiple cities of the same world region or with similar CPI prosperity indexes. The City Prosperity Initiative through the collection of city-level information generates an unique bank of urban knowledge. Best Practices The CPI is developing a system based on artificial intelligen- ce to help identifying areas of intervention, methods of implementation and expected outcomes in order to achieve a more prosperous city. Through a methodical analysis of a database of best practi- ces, examples of policy components and existing case studies will be provided in order to meet the city needs identified by the CPI. Ex Ante Policy Evaluation The strong integration and connection between the different dimensions of the CPI allows an ex ante policy evaluation. In fact, after the identification of interrelated dimensions and sub-dimensions, suppor- ted by the analysis of trends and patterns of a wide sample of cities, is possible to anticipate the impact of a positive improvement on a wider range of indicators and corresponding dimensions of the CPI. 1,08 13,76 3,98 5,36 7,19 9,90 4,28 0 20 40 60 80 100 Econom ic G row th Econom ic Aglom eration Em ploym ent Housing Infrastructure SocialInfrastucture ICT Urban M obility StreetConnectivity HealthEducation Safety and Security Public Space Econom ic Equity SocialInclusion G enderInclusionAirQ uality W aste M anagem ent Medellin Potential Influence of ICT +10%Selected Strategies Areas of intervention Suggested methods Expected Outcomes © Jorge Ochoa Paniagua 34
- 38. CPI - Implementation TheCPI as monitoring tool for SDG 11 The CPI is proposed to become the monitoring system or tool of Goal 11 and any other targets that have or can have an urban basis. The analysis of the relationship between SDG targets and CPI indicators shows many convergences. Therefore, it is possible to consider that the CPI, as local monitoring tool, can be used - with the necessary adjustments - to identify, quantify, evaluate, monitor and report on progress made by cities and countries on Goal 11 of the 2030 Agenda. 1. Propose a systemic approach of the city. The CPI offers a holistic view of sustainable urban development. It allows establishing and understan- ding interrelations between different dimensions of city development. 2. Create baseline data and information. Cities already implementing the CPI have been able to create baseline data, propose local commitments for improvement and monitor progress overtime. 3. Establish global benchmarks. The CPI methodology has established global benchmarks for each one of the indica- tors, with sound standardization methods that enable comparisons among different indicators. 4. Provide a single composite value. As a composite Index, the CPI allows to understand the state of development of cities in a more integrated manner. This helps local and national governments to visualize how inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities and human settlements are. 5. Provide evidence-based for policy-making and accountability.The CPI is not only a metric, it is also a policy dialogue that supports the formulation of more informed policies. 6. Identify priorities of sustainable urban deve- lopment. The CPI allows to disaggregate the different components of sustainable development in such manner that it is possible to identify progress and deficits. By isolating key development issues hindering success, it is possible to adopt appropriate policies and corrective measures. 11.1 Ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums. 11.2 Provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport. 11.3 Enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries. 11.7 Provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessi- ble, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities SLUM POPULATION USE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT LAND USE EFFICIENCY PUBLIC SPACE & STREET CONNECTIVITY CPI - IndicatorsGOAL 11 - Targets (examples) The advantages of adopting the CPI as global monitoring tool for Goal 11 35
- 39. THE CITY PROSPERITYINITIATIVERio de Janeiro, Brazil © Giulia Lavagna