Cryptography

Cryptography

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  Cryptography By:- Neeraj Mali(PB10) Samyak Sethiya(PB18)
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  •Cryptography is thescience and art of transforming messages to make them secure and immune to attack.
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  Origin of Cryptography: •The first known evidence of cryptography can be traced to the use of ‘hieroglyph’. Some 4000 years ago, the Egyptians used to communicate by messages written in hieroglyph. • The most widely known rotor cipher device is the German Enigma machine used during World War II, of which there were a number of variants. • the Zimmermann Telegram triggered the United States' entry into World War I.
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  • A Purposeof cryptography: The main purpose of cryptography is to defend the transmitted information and it plays an important role in the following: • Authentication • Data confidentiality • Data integrity • Non-repudiation
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  How Encryption works:
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  How Does aSubstitution algorithm works: Substitution Cipher Method of encryption by which units of plaintext are replaced with cipher text, according to a fixed system; the “units” may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth.
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  • Cryptography isan actively developed library that provides cryptographic recipes and primitives. It supports Python 2.6-2.7 and Python 3.3+. • cryptography is divided into two layers of recipes and hazardous materials (hazmat). The recipes layer provides a simple API for proper symmetric encryption and the hazmat layer provides low- level cryptographic primitives. Lib:
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  Types: • Secret KeyCryptography (SKC): Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption; also called symmetric encryption. Primarily used for privacy and confidentiality. • Public Key Cryptography (PKC): Uses one key for encryption and another for decryption; also called asymmetric encryption. Primarily used for authentication, non-repudiation, and key exchange. • Hash Functions: Uses a mathematical transformation to irreversibly "encrypt" information, providing a digital fingerprint. Primarily used for message integrity.
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  Applications: • Authentication/Digital Signatures •Time Stamping • Electronic Money • Disk Encryption • Secure Network Communications
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  References: • https://www.garykessler.net/library/crypto.html • https://intellipaat.com/blog/tutorial/ethical-hacking-cyber- security-tutorial/encryption-techniques/ •https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-Yw434IbVM • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography