Curriculum devt in philippine's setting
- 3. Before the coming of the Spaniards the Filipino possessed a culture of their own. They had contacts with other foreign peoples from Arabia, India, China, Indo-China and Borneo.
- 4. The diaries of Fr. Chirino attest to the historical fact that “the inhabitants were a civilized people, possessing their system of writing laws and moral standards in a well- organized system of government they did not have an organized system of education as we have now.
- 5. They, however, possessed the knowledge as express in their ways of life and as shown in the rule of Barangay, their code of laws – THE CODE OF KALANTIAO and MARAGTAS, their beliefs in Bathala, the solidarity of family, the modesty of women, the children’s obedience and respect for elders, and in the valor of men.
- 6. Informal education was the learning which early Filipino received was results of interactions with other in the group where he is a member. Ideas and facts were acquired through suggestions, observation, example and imitation. There was no direct teaching and no formal method of instruction
- 7. The learning of basic habits, patterns of culture, ideas and new knowledge was unplanned and unsystematic.
- 8. Education was done mostly in the family, play group, neighborhood and occupational group. The farmers taught their boys to hunt by taking them to woods and teaching them how to use bows and arrows iufn hunting wild animals.
- 9. The fishermen on other hand taught their youngsters by taking them to the river and showing them how to use nets and fish traps.
- 11. When the Spaniards conquered the Philippines, they deemed it wise to bring Spanish missionaries to consolidate their control of the Filipinos,body and soul. The Spanish curriculum then consisted of the three R's ---- READING,WRITING and RELIGION with more emphasis on RELIGION to perpetuate the colonial
- 12. The curricular goals were the acceptance of Catholicism and the acceptance of Spanish rule.
- 13. The schools then were parochial or convent schools governed by the friars. The main reading materials were the cartilla, the canton and the catesismo.
- 14. The school were ungraded and the curriculum organization was separately subject organization. The method of instruction was predominantly individual memorization.
- 15. The Spaniards founded separate schools for girls and boys in provinces. Not all Filipino were given chance to go to school because it was only opened for elite. (Illustrado)
- 16. According to Fr. Modesto de Castro, author of Urbana at Felisa (1877), the curriculum for boys and girls was aimed to teach the young boys and and girls to love God, discover what is good band proper for one's self and enable the individual to get along well with their neighbors.
- 18. The American-devised curriculum was also dominated with the motive of conquering the Filipinos not only physically but also intellectually. The public school system was established and headed by the Americans until 1935, to train the Filipino after the American culture and way of life.
- 19. The Filipino were equally treated.The curriculum was based on the ideals and traditions of America and her hierarchy of values. The reading materials were about Tom, Dick and Harry, George Washington and Abraham Lincoln.
- 20. Filipino children were taught to draw houses with chimneys and to play the role of Indians and cowboys.
- 21. English was the medium of instruction. At first the American soldiers were the one who teaches the filipino and later on August 23, 1901, the united states send 600 teachers via S.S. Thomas (ship) called the Thomasites, to replaced them.
- 22. The primary curriculum prescribed in 1904 by the Americans for the Filipinos consisted of three grades which provides training in two aspects. 1) Body training - singing, drawing, handwork, and physical education.
- 23. 2) Mental training - English ( reading, writing, conversation, phonetics, and spelling ), nature study, and arithmetic. In grade III geography and civic were added to the list of the subjects.
- 24. The intermediate curriculum consisted of subjects such as arithmetic, geography, science and English. Science included plant life, physiology and sanitation.
- 25. In the collegiate level, normal schools were opened with a teacher's training curriculum appropriate for elementary mentors.
- 26. The Philippine Normal University was founded in Manila in year 1901 and there were also some normal schools founded in the provinces. It's aim was to produce quality teachers to replace the soldiers and the "Thomasites".
- 27. The curriculum organization remained seperate- subject. Group method of teaching was adopted. A significant aspect of the American-devised curriculum was the prohibition of compulsory religious instruction in the public schools.
- 28. During the American regime Filipinos were treated equally in term of schooling. Education is given freely in public schools and both girls and boys were taught in one school.
- 29. The curriculum during the commonwealth
- 30. The period of the Commonwealth (1935-1946) may be considered as the expansion and reform in the Philippine curriculum. American- trained Filipino teachers applied in the Philippines the educational reforms they learned from the United States.
- 31. These educational leaders expanded the curriculum by introducing courses in farming, trade, business,domestic science, etc.
- 32. The curriculum for training of elementary school teachers was expanded by the Bureau of Education by elevating from the secondary normal schools to collegiate level, organizing eight regional schools.
- 33. The collegiate normal schools which started operating in 1939 were for two years training beyond the high school.
- 34. Commonwealth Act 586, also known as Educational Act of 1940, reorganized the elementary school system by eliminating Grade VII and providing for double-single session in which elementary pupils attended classes for one-half day only.
- 35. This measure ushered the beginning of the decline of the efficiency of elementary education.