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Curriculum innovations
Three key elements define quality in education according to UNESCO and UNICEF: 1) Quality learners who are healthy, supported by families and communities 2) Quality learning environments that are safe, protective with adequate facilities 3) Quality processes including well-trained teachers who use child-centered teaching and assessment to reduce disparities Global concerns regarding these elements include ensuring healthy, nourished students; safe, inclusive schools; literacy and numeracy in curricula; and outcomes such as community participation and lifelong learning. Quality education prepares students for productive lives.
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Curriculum innovations
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- 2. Local and GlobalTrends Issues and Concerns in Curriculum Part 1:
- 3. • - isoften used to discribe solutions to problems which represent a change or departure from current practice as opposed to progressive improvements within an existing framework (Klaus, 1969). • -It‟s also defined as “the introduction of something new” and as “a new idea, method or device” (Merriam Webster‟s Desk Dictionary, 1995). Innovation
- 4. Three Kinds ofInnovations in Education 1. Stucture- involve the ways in which classroom and schools are organized 2. Content- introduce subjects not previously included in the curriculum, or those that revise old subjects in new ways. 3. Process- those that have to do with human interaction. Involves the cognitive or intellectual or thinking domain as well as the affective (social and emotional) domain in Education.
- 5. Source: Curriculum Changein Basic Education and Teacher Professional Development Regional Experiences and National Cases Merle C. Tan, PhD Director, National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development University of the Philippines (UP NISMED) Local and Global Trends Issues and Concerns in Curriculum
- 6. 1. Education forall. 2. Reorientation of Educational system. Learning to know, to do, to be, and to live together. 3. Increasing the role of scientific literacy and technological skills. Basis for Curricular Improvements: Brief Background
- 7. 1. A shift ineducational goals and objectives towards using educational systems to prepare learners as functioning citizens of the Twenty -first century. Emerging Trends in Basic Education
- 8. 2. A move towardsdecentralizing various aspects/processes of curriculum development,implementation and administration. Emerging Trends in Basic Education
- 9. 3. The nationalcurriculum for basic education is being diversified precisely to meet the basic learning needs of different groups in the population. Emerging Trends in Basic Education
- 10. 4. Emphasis on educationprograms that enhance science and technology literacy and are introducing as much ICT in schools as they can support. Emerging Trends in Basic Education
- 11. 5. Emphasis on independentstudy or selflearning, and of inculcating in students the love and desire to learn and the basic skills for learning. Emerging Trends in Basic Education
- 12. 6. Pedagogically, shifts havealso been occur ring away from traditional approaches where teachers are the major authority in knowledge construction and transmission. Emerging Trends in Basic Education
- 13. 7. Experimentation on variousteaching-lear ning methods and approaches to attain a better integration of the contents of the curriculum both within and across subject offerings. Emerging Trends in Basic Education
- 14. 8. There is anincreasing awareness of the need to reorient teaching_learning processes and outcomes away from earlier notions that education is primarily a means for preparing students to take and pass school tests and national standard examinations. Emerging Trends in Basic Education
- 15. “Curriculum renewal todayrequires educators and curriculum specialists to go beyond the framework of a content- and competency- based curriculu m. ” Summary of Emerging Trends
- 16. “Educators and curriculumdevelopers, too, must work to ensure the effective implementation of new curricular reforms and innovations.” Summary of Emerging Trends
- 17. K-12 Curriculum Concerns andProblems Part 2:
- 18. K-12 has kindergartenas base, to be followed by six years of elementary (Grades 1 to 6), four years of junior high school (Grades 7 to 10), and two years of senior high school (Grades 11 and 12). What is K-12?
- 19. As of SchoolYear 2009-2010, National Achievement Test (NAT) passing rates for Grade 6 and 4th year students are only 69 and 46 percent, respectively. In the Trends for International Math and Sciences Study (TIMSS), the Philippines often placed fourth from last. Why K-12?
- 20. “You are giventen years to take in, to chew on, and to digest the lessons. There is no time for the children to savor the knowledge they are receiving. You just keep feeding and feeding them.” -Pres. Aquino- Why K-12?
- 21. “ADDITIONAL YEARS NOT EQUALTO QUALITY EDUCATION” Reality Bites!
- 22. The development ofa better-educated society capable of pursuing productive employment, entrepreneurship, or higher education disciplines. Is K to 12 sustainable?
- 23. To implement Kto 12, it would need at least P363.29 billion in 2013; P361.17 billion in 2014; P377.21 billion in 2015; P423.04 billion in 2016; and P443.55 billion in 2017. How to fund the program?
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- 25. Teachers in Elementaryand High School will need to go through some adjustments with the new curriculum. Teachers will not get an additional workload for the K to 12 implementation, as the Magna Cart for Public School Teachers provides that teachers should teach only up to six hours a day. Where will more, bettertrained teachers come from?
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- 27. The goal, accordingto DepEd, is for a student who completes K to 12 to be “equipped with skills, competencies, and recognized certificates equivalent to a two-year college degree.” Will K to 12 solve the country’s employment, development problems?
- 28. LACK OF COLLEGE ENROLLEES,PROMOTION OF LABOR-EXPORT POLICY Reality Bites!
- 29. UNESCO and UNICEF GlobalConcerns in the Curriculum Part 3:
- 30. Copyright © 2000 UnitedNations Children‟s Fund 3 United Nations Plaza, H-7 New York, NY 10017 A publication of UNICEF Programme Division Education Document No. UNICEF/PD/ED/00/02 The principal researcher for this paper was Jeanette Colby, Miske Witt and Associates, for the Education Section, Programme Division, UNICEF New York. Source: Defining Quality in Education
- 31. UNESCOUnited Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEFUnited Nations Children‟s Fund “Children have a right to an education, a quality education.”
- 32. • Learners whoare healthy, wellnourished and ready to participate and learn, and supported in learning by their families and communities; • Environments that are healthy, safe, protecti ve and gendersensitive, and provide adequate resources and facilities; Quality education includes:
- 33. • Content thatis reflected in relevant curricula and materials for the acquisition of basic skills, especially in the areas of literacy, numeracy and skills for life, and knowledge in such areas as gender, health, nutrition, HIV/AIDS prevention and peace. • Processes through which trained teachers use child-centred teaching approaches in well-managed classrooms and schools and skilful assessment to facilitate learning and reduce disparities.
- 34. • Outcomes thatencompass knowledge, skills and attitudes, and are linked to national goals for education and positive participation in society.
- 35. Global Concerns in theCurriculum
- 36. A. Good Healthand Nutrition B. Early childhood psychosocial development experiences. C.Regular attendance for learning. D.Family support for learning. 1. Quality Learners
- 37. A.Physical Elements a. Qualityof school facilities b. Interaction between school infrastructure and other quality dimensions. c. Class size 2. Quality Learning Environments
- 38. B. Psychosocial elements a.Peaceful, safe environments, especially for girls. b. Teachers’ behaviours that affect safety. c. Effective school discipline policies. d. Inclusive environments. e. Non-violence. 2. Quality Learning Environments
- 39. C. Service Delivery a.Provision of health services. 2. Quality Learning Environments
- 40. A. Student-centred, non-discriminatory, standards-basedcurriculum structures. - Curriculum should emphasize deep rather than broad coverage of important areas of knowledge, authentic and contextualized problems of study, and problem-solving that stresses skills development as well as knowledge acquisition. 3. Quality Content
- 41. B. Uniqueness oflocal and national content. - quality content should include several pivotal areas. These include literacy, numeracy, life skills and peace education — as well as science and social studies. 3. Quality Content
- 42. C. Literacy - Literacy,or the ability to read and write, is often considered one of the primary goals of formal education. 3. Quality Content
- 43. D. Numeracy - Alsoknown as „quantitative literacy‟, numeracy encompasses a range of skills from basic arithmetic and logical reasoning to advanced mathematics and interpretative communication skills (Steen, 1999). 3. Quality Content
- 44. E. Life Skills -are defined as “psycho-social and interpersonal skills used in every day interactions…not specific to getting a job or earning an income”. 3. Quality Content
- 45. F. Peace Education -Peace education seeks to help students gain the ability to prevent conflict, and to resolve conflict peacefully when it does arise. 3. Quality Content
- 46. G. Challenges inreaching large numbers of children with quality content. a. Teachers often find curricular integration and interdisciplinarity difficult, especially when the teacher does not have a role in curriculum design; b. Subjects that do not appear on important examinations are not always taken seriously; 3. Quality Content
- 47. c. Social attitudestowards the subject may not be favorable, and cultural patterns are difficult to change; d. Ideas conceived in other regions of the world may not be adequately adapted to the local context; e. Political and economic instability can lead to discontinuity in policies andprogrammes, as well as teacher and administrator turnover. 3. Quality Content
- 48. A. Teachers a. Professionallearning for teachers. b. Teacher competence and school efficiency. c. Ongoing professional development. d. Continuing support for student-centered learning. e. Active, standards-based participation methods. f. Teacher feedback mechanisms. g. Teacher beliefs that all students can learn. h. Teacher‟s working conditions. 4. Quality Processes
- 49. B. Supervision andSupport a. Administrative support and leadership. b. Student access to languages used at school. c. Using technologies to decrease rather than increase disparities. d. Diversity of processes and facilities. 4. Quality Processes
- 50. A. Achievement inliteracy and numeracy. - Academic achievement in general and achievement in literacy and numeracy in particular represent key educational outcomes. 5. Quality Outcomes
- 51. B. Using formativeassessment to improve achievement outcomes. - Testing information tends to be used primarily as a screening device to decide who can continue to the next grade of level rather than as a tool to help improve educational quality for individuals and systems. 5. Quality Outcomes
- 52. C. Outcomes soughtby parents. - Parents tend to see academic achievement as closely related to the opportunity for social promotion and employment. - These anticipated outcomes tend to be highly valued by families: future employment possibilities that result from education seem to be a primary factor in the demand for primary education (Bergmann, 1996). 5. Quality Outcomes
- 53. D. Outcomes relatedto community participation, learner confidence and lifelong learning. - Academic achievement is often used as an indicator of school quality because it is easily measurable using standardized tests, while other outcomes may be more complex and less tangible. 5. Quality Outcomes
- 54. E. Experiential approachesto achieving desired outcomes. - schools can help build social capital and create interconnecting links that promote quality affective and behavioural outcomes for children (Bronfenbrenner, 1986). 5. Quality Outcomes
- 55. F. Health outcomes. -Students should receive services to improve their health, such as treatment for illness and infection and school feeding programmes to improve nutrition, as well as curricular content that increases their knowledge and affects their behaviour related to health and hygiene. 5. Quality Outcomes
- 56. G. Lifeskills andoutcomes. - Psychosocial and interpersonal skills can be applied to many contexts — HIV/AIDS prevention, drug abuse prevention, nutrition and hygiene behaviour and many non-health contexts as well. 5. Quality Outcomes
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