CYBER BULLYING AND PREVENTION
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This document discusses cyberbullying, including definitions, types, perpetrators, victims, and prevention strategies. It defines cyberbullying as intentional and repeated harmful behavior through digital means, involving an imbalance of power. Two main types are direct attacks through messages and proxy bullying using others. Perpetrators commonly bully due to anger, revenge or entertainment, while victims are often younger than bullies. Consequences for victims include anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and in some cases suicide. The document recommends blocking and reporting bullies, as well as saving evidence and discussing issues with trusted adults. It emphasizes the importance of privacy online and developing realistic expectations of relationships.
CYBER BULLYING AND PREVENTION
- 2. 2 There is no single definition of bullying and cyberbullying agreed upon internationally and at European level. However, attempts to define these phenomena have been made by international organizations, EU institutions and academia. 2 WHAT IS CYBER BULLYING?
- 3. 3 Bullying is generally understood as an aggressive and intentional act or behaviour carried out by a group or an individual repeatedly and over time against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself. The term cyberbullying is used to describe bullying taking place on the internet mostly through mobile phones and social media. 3 WHAT IS CYBER BULLYING?
- 4. 4 WHY IS IT SO IMPORTANT? 1/3 children has been a victim of cyber-bullying. Nearly half of suicides among 10 to 14-year- olds are due to bullying. 1 in 7 teachers is a victim of cyber-bullying.
- 5. 5 There are two kinds of Cyber Bullying... Direct Attacks- messages sent directly to the victim. Cyber Bullying by Proxy- Using someone else to cyber bully a victim, this proxy may know they are cyber bullying and they may not.
- 6. 6 Why do children Cyber Bully? Anger Frustration Revenge Entertainment To get laughs or reactions Power hungry Because all motives for bullying are different so are the solutions and responses
- 7. 7 Elements characterizing cyberbullying The use of electronic or digital means Intentional harm Imbalance of power Repetition Sense of anonymity and lack of accountability Publicity
- 8. 8 3 Key bullying characteristics are: Bullying is intentional acts. Bullies understands that their actions hurt the other and they are doing it deliberately. Repetitive behavior. Just one aggressive action is not bullying. Bullying called such behavior, which takes place systematically for some time. Bullying with striking psychological or physical strength advantage. Thus, the offended child feels weaker than the perpetrators and can not defend himself from them.
- 9. 9 FORMS OF CYBERBULLYING Behavior Definition Exclusion the rejection of a person from an online group provoking his/her social marginalization and exclusion Online harassment the repetition of harassment behaviours on the net, including insults, mocking, slander, menacing chain messages, denigrations, name calling, gossiping, abusive or hate- related behaviours. Harassment differs from nuisance in light of its frequency. It can also be featured as sexual harassment if it includes the spreading of sexual rumours, or the commenting of the body, appearance, sex, gender of an individual. Griefing the harassment of someone in a cyber-game or virtual word (e.g. ChatRoulette, Formspring, etc.) Flaming the online sending of violent or vulgar messages. It differentiates from harassment on the basis that flaming is an online fight featured by anger and violence (e.g. use of capital letter or images to make their point) Trolling the persistent abusive comments on a website
- 10. 10 FORMS OF CYBERBULLYING Behavior Definition Cyberstalking involves continual threatening and sending of rude messages. Cyber - persecution continuous and repetitive harassment, denigration, insulting, and threats. Masquerade a situation where a bully creates a fake identity to harass someone else. Impersonation the impersonation of someone else to send malicious messages, as well as the breaking into someone’s account to send messages, or like posts that will cause embarrassment or damage to the person’s reputation and affect his/her social Life.
- 11. 11 EXTENT AND SCOPE OF THE PHENOMENOM A worldwide survey conducted in 2011 in 24 countries found that 66% of the 18,687 interviewed people including children and adults, saw, read or heard something about cyberbullying behaviours. In the USA, the Cyberbullying Research Center assessed that one out of four teenagers has experienced cyberbullying and one out of six has perpetrated cyberbullying. The 2014 EU Net Children Go Mobile Report showed that 12% of the 3,500 children aged 9-16 years old were cyberbullied. The 2011 EU Kids Online report found that 6% of the 25,142 children between 9 and 16 years of age had been bullied online across Europe, and 3 % had carried out cyberbullying.
- 12. 12 MEANS USED Cyberbullying can be carried out through different means, such as mobile devices, internet, messaging (e.g. instant messaging, chat programs, text/audio/video programs, multimedia messages, gaming devices and social networks). Initial research in this area showed that the most common channels to perpetrate cyberbullying were phone calls and text messages. However, the rapid pace of ICT innovation determined changes in patterns. Nowadays, cyberbullying is increasingly performed through social networks (mostly Facebook, followed by Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr and YouTube)
- 13. 13 VICTIMS Trends reflect a relationship between age and frequency of victimization with a higher number of victims in the group of 13–15-year-old children. According to the Net Children Go Mobile survey, which interviewed 3,500 children of seven EU Member States, over the period 2013–2014, children between 13 and 14 years of age were the most affected by cyberbullying. Victims of cyberbullying tend to be younger than the perpetrators. More than twice the number of teenage girls being cyberbullied compared to boys.
- 14. 14 PERPETRATORS The few studies available at the international level tend to indicate that older children are more likely to perpetrate cyberbullying. Older children, 14 years old and above, emerged as the majority of perpetrators and their actions were perceived as rougher. Cyberbullying is generally equal for both sexes. Although some studies suggest that girls are perpetrators of cyberbullying as much as boys, no conclusive evidence can be drawn on this aspect. Girls are more involved in bullying online than offline.
- 15. 15 Cyber Bully Profile Cyber Bullies: High self image Social competence High relationship between traditional and online bully Lack of surveillance by parents
- 16. 16 Cyberbullying -VS- Bullying Bullying Cyberbullying Face – to - face 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days/yr Can find a safe space or escape No safe space – hard to escape Limited to onlookers Shared by wide audience – can go viral in a matter of seconds Bully can be identified Bully can be anonymous Can see facial and body reaction of target and onlookers Harder to empathize with the target No geographical limitations The target can easily become the bully Bullying online and offline seem also to be linked. Cyberbullying perpetrators are often involved as victims or perpetrators in traditional bullying.
- 17. 17 Consequences of Cyber Bullying Anxiety Sadness Shame Anger Depression Stress Related Disorders Suicide Low Self Esteem Withdrawal from friends and activities Changes in mood, behaviour and appetite Emotional Distress during and after using technology Bullying others
- 18. 18 Why is Cyberbullying so hurtful? 1. Permanence: The insults, comments or images can be preserved by the person who was bullied or by others so that the victim may read or view them over and over again and the harm is re- inflicted with each reading or viewing.
- 19. 19 Why is Cyberbullying so hurtful? 2. Audience size: The size of the audience that is able to view or access the damaging material increases the victim’s humiliation.
- 20. 20 Why is Cyberbullying so hurtful? 3. Familiarity: many young people are friends with or know their cyber bully either threw school or other personal connections, increasing the potential for embarrassment and humiliation.
- 21. 21 Why is Cyberbullying so hurtful? 4. Social Networking: Social Networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace allow cyber bullies to engage in campaigns against a particular person which may involve many others.
- 22. 22 Why is Cyberbullying so hurtful? 5. Speed: The speed at which harmful messages can reach large audiences also plays a major part in making cyberbullying so damaging to the targets.
- 23. 23 Statistics Around half of teens have been the victims of cyber bullying. Only 1 in 10 teens tells a parent if they have been a cyber bully victim. Fewer than 1 in 5 cyber bullying incidents are reported to law enforcement. 1 in 10 adolescents or teens have had embarrassing or damaging pictures taken of themselves without their permission, often using cellphone cameras. About 1 in 5 teens have posted or sent sexually suggestive or nude pictures of themselves to others.
- 24. 24 How to help prevent cyberbullying? Block all communication with cyberbullies Do not forward any messages, comments, etc. that involve cyberbulling Always report any cyberbulling taking place to an adult
- 25. 25 Don’t Be a Victim! Talk about bullying in general with friends, teachers and family. Discuss what personal information is appropriate to tell others, and what is not. Visit some popular teen sites with your parents, teachers, or friends and discuss what you see there and what could be a danger. Learn to develop realistic expectations for both personal and on-line relationships.
- 26. 26 Tips How to Stop a Cyberbully Be private - keep passwords, pictures and secrets to yourself. Take five - don’t reply in anger. Stop, block and tell - don’t reply, block the sender, tell someone. Save the evidence - on your computer or print out. Google yourself.
- 27. 27 Steps to Take if you believe you have been a victim of Cyberbullying Determine if cyberbullying is actually going on. Save the evidence. Identify the sender - contact your ISP (Internet Service Provider) if necessary. Contact the offender’s parents - who may or may not be supportive. Back up your remarks with written evidence. Contact your school. Threats, extortion, sexual harassment should be reported to the police.
- 28. 28 Why Don’t Victims Ask for Help? Kids view the Internet is a lifeline to their peer group. Kids don’t want adults to know they have a problem with cyberbullying because they fear that adults will take their computer away.
- 29. 29 How you can help! Don’t engage in or support mean material,gossip, or rumors posted online, or talk about it. Support the victim being targeted online byposting positive messages! Print the evidence to share with an authority.
- 30. 30 Responsibility There are no legal provisions aimed at targeting cyberbullying. In the absence of a specific criminal offence for cyberbullying, all countries address cyberbullying within the legal framework of other offences in a broad range of areas such as: violence; anti- discrimination and computer-related crimes.
- 31. 31 Criminal code of the Republic of Lithuania Art. 154. Libel A person who spreads false information about another person that could arouse contempt for this person or humiliate him or undermine trust in him shall be punished by a fine or by restriction of liberty or by arrest or by imprisonment for a term of up to one year. Art. 155. Insult person who publicly humiliates a person in an abusive manner by an action, word of mouth or in writing shall be punished by a fine or by restriction of liberty or by arrest or by imprisonment for a term of up to one year. Art. 145. Threatening to Murder or Cause a Severe Health Impairment to a Person or Terrorisation of a Person A person who threatens to murder a person or cause a severe health impairment to him, where there is a sufficient basis for believing that the threat may be fulfilled shall be punished by community service or by a fine or by restriction of liberty or by arrest or by imprisonment for a term of up to two year.
- 32. 32 Remember! We are not invisible online, and anything we post can be traced back to us. Monitor your online reputation!
- 33. 33 Thank you for your attention! 33 Mantas Struckas Head of Public order Division Alytus county police headquarters 2017.03.21
Editor's Notes
- #4: Cyberbullying corresponds, thus, to an equally aggressive and intentional act, carried out through the use of information and communications technologies (ICTs). Bullying off and online usually involves the following key participants: the perpetrator, the victim and bystanders. Bystanders are those who see what is happening between the bully and the victim but they are not directly involved in the bullying. Cyberbullying has greatly increased in recent years bolstered by the growth of social media and taking new forms such as mockery, insults, threats, rumours, gossip, disagreeable comments, slander, etc. The geographical and temporal scope of cyberbullying is almost unlimited. Due to the means used, cyberbullying can take place everywhere and at any time as it may occur inside or outside schools and homes.
- #8: The use of electronic or digital means through which the abuse is perpetrated; Intentional harm, which represents the intention of the perpetrator to inflict harm on the victim putting in place unpleasant and distressing behaviours against him; Imbalance of power, which is the advantage of the perpetrator over the victim, where the latter cannot easily defend him/herself77. Although some scholars consider this element hard to align with cyberbullying due to the fact that both the victim and the perpetrator may have advanced ICTs skills78, the imbalance of power is still considered to be present in cyberbullying since the bully holds a dominant position compared to the victim at least at psychological level. Therefore, while recognizing the complexity of measuring the imbalance of power online, some scholars stress the need to assess the difficulty of the victim to defend him/herself on a case-by-case basis. Repetition which should be interpreted as the possibility to quickly share harmful content with a broad audience in a virtual environment80 with one single action. Moreover, harmful content can be reposted, shared, or liked81 causing significant harm to the victim even without the repetition of the act over time82. Sense of anonymity and lack of accountability which refer to the possibility for the perpetrator to remain anonymous and the feeling of not being accountable for his/her own actions. Anonymity may intensify the negative perception of the act by the victim who feels powerless as a result of not knowing where the attack comes from. For some authors, anonymity may reduce the need for an imbalance of power as a criterion for defining cyberbullying due to the fact that not knowing where the attack comes from puts the cyberbully in a powerful position compared to that of the victim84. Moreover, the perceived anonymity of the online environment encourages adolescents to act in ways they would not in face-to-face interactions. Therefore, anonymity may empower those who are unlikely to carry out traditional bullying to perpetrate bullying online. Publicity which refers to the ability of cyberbullying actions to be accessible to multiple people exponentially increasing the breadth of the audience (i.e. the cyberbullying action may register numerous views by bystanders).