Cyber Security Terms
- 2. OUTLINE Introduction to Cyber Security Botnet Watering Hole attack Spear Phishing attacK Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS) Conclusion
- 3. BOTNET A Botnet is a network of compromised computers under the control of a remote attacker controller of a botnet is able to direct the activities of these compromised computers Botnet Terminology Bot Herder (Bot Master) Bot Bot Client IRC Server Command and Control Channel (C&C)
- 4. INTRODUCTION TO BOTNET(TERMINOLOGY) IRC Channel IRC Server Code Server IRC Channel C&C Traffic Updates Victim Attack Bot Master
- 5. BOTNET IN NETWORK SECURITY Internet users are getting infected by bots Many times corporate and end users are trapped in botnet attacks Today 16-25% of the computers connected to the internet are members of a botnet In this network bots are located in various locations It will become difficult to track illegal activities This behavior makes botnet an attractive tool for intruders and increase threat against network security
- 6. HOW BOTNET IS USED?? Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks Sending Spams Phishing Addware Spyware Click Fraud
- 7. BOTNET DETECTION Two approaches for botnet detection based on Setting up honeynets Passive traffic monitoring Signature based Anomaly based DNS based
- 8. BOTNET DETECTION:SETTING UP HONEYNETS Windows Honey pot Honeywall Responsibilities: DNS/IP-address of IRC server and port number (optional) password to connect to IRC-server Nickname of bot Channel to join and (optional) channel-password
- 9. BOTNET DETECTION:SETTING UP HONEYNETS Bot 1. Malicious Traffic Sensor 3. Authorize 2. Inform bot’s IP Bot Master
- 10. BOTNET DETECTION:TRAFFIC MONITORING Signature based: Detection of known botnets Anomaly based: Detect botnet using following anomalies High network latency High volume of traffic Traffic on unusual port Unusual system behaviour DNS based: Analysis of DNS traffic generated by botnets
- 11. BOTNET DETECTION Determining the source of a botnet-based attack is challenging: Traditional approach: Every zombie host is an attacker Botnets can exist in a benign state for an arbitrary amount of time before they are used for a specific attack New trend: P2P networks
- 12. PREVENTING BOTNET INFECTIONS Use a Firewall Use Antivirus (AV) software Deploy an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) Define a Security Policy and Share Policies with your users systematically
- 13. WATERING HOLE ATTACK • Watering Hole is a computer attack strategy identified in 2012 by RSA Security, in which the victim is a particular group (organization, industry, or region). In this attack, the attacker guesses or observes which websites the group often uses and Infects one or more of them with malware. • How does it work ? Determine Target Group Identify Vulnerabilities on those Websites Inject Threat into Website Sit in the Tall Grass and Wait for Targets to Come to You Why it is effective ??
- 14. PREVENT WATERING HOLE ATTACK • Timely Software Update • Vulnerability shielding • Network traffic detection • Correlating well-known APT (Advanced Persistent threat) activities
- 15. SPEAR PHISHING ATTACK • Spear phishing is an email that appears to be from an individual or business that you know. But it isn't. It's from the same criminal hackers who want your credit card and bank account numbers, passwords, and the financial information on your PC. Business impact • Theft of sensitive information • Secondary use of compromised machines • Incident response and recovery costs
- 16. HOW TO DEFEND AGAINST SPEAR PHISHING ATTACKS • Security awareness training • Boundary defence • Continuous vulnerability assessment and remediation
- 17. DDoS Attack • Distributed-Denial-of-Service attack – DDoS is a type of DOS attack where multiple compromised systems, which are often infected with a Trojan, are used to target a single system causing a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. • DoS vs DDoS – DoS: when a single host attacks – DDos: when multiple hosts attacks simultaneously
- 18. How does DDos Attack work? • build a network of computers • discover vulnerable sites or hosts on the network • exploit to gain access to these hosts • install new programs (known as attack tools) on the compromised hosts • hosts that are running these attack tools are known as zombies • many zombies together form what we call an army • building an army is automated and not a difficult process nowadays
- 19. How to find Vulnerable Machines? • Random scanning • Hit-list scanning • Topological scanning • Local subnet scanning • Permutation scanning
- 20. How to propagate Malicious Code? • Central source propagation This mechanism commonly uses HTTP, FTP, and remote- procedure call (RPC) protocols
- 21. • Back-chaining propagation : • copying attack toolkit can be supported by simple port listeners or by full intruder-installed Web servers, both of which use the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) • Autonomous propagation
- 22. DDos Attack Taxonomy – There are mainly two kinds of DDoS attacks • Typical DDoS attacks, and • Distributed Reflector DoS (DRDoS) attacks – Typical DDoS Attacks:
- 23. – DRDoS Attacks: • slave zombies send a stream of packets with the victim's IP address as the source IP address to other uninfected machines (known as reflectors) • the reflectors then connects to the victim and sends greater volume of traffic, because they believe that the victim was the host that asked for it • the attack is mounted by noncompromised machines without being aware of the action
- 24. Comparison
- 25. A Corporate Structure Analogy
- 26. DEFENCE MECHANISMS • SIGNATURE DETECTION • ANOMALY DETECTION • HYBRID SYSTEM