Data Standards and Linked Data: Challenges & Use Cases in Europe and the United States
- 1. DATA STANDARDS AND LINKED DATA CHALLENGES & USE CASES IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES
- 3. (OPEN) Data (OPEN) Business Models (OPEN) Innovation (OPEN) Organization AND I’M FROM FIVE BY FIVE
- 4. CASE STUDIES — CHALLENGES — THE FUTURE — Open Data standards and linked data have had some success. We’ll review several case studies from Europe and North America with an eye toward what we might learn. The vision of a world of linked data across the internet is still far from a reality. What are the current challenges limiting adoption? What possible solutions are there to the challenges in driving adoption of data standards and linked data specs? What can successful case studies teach us?
- 5. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE SOME DEFINITIONS Shared rules Standards set ground rules so collaboration and coordination can happen with little effort. Communicating through data Datasets become even more powerful when they can be compared, merged, and cross- referenced. Describing and modeling data Different kinds of data needs different kind of models. Agreeing on how to describe the world through data is an important role of standards. Data Standards are the rules by which data are described and recorded in order to share, exchange, and understand it.
- 6. Web of links The hyperlink is the fundamental unit of connection on the web. Linked Data attempts to define another that gives the connection further context. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE SOME DEFINITIONS Modeling data The web is mostly made up of unstructured data. Linked Data is a way to add structure to this chaos. Think of a news article whose primary facts are cross-referenced to the authoritative sources online. Semantic queries Move beyond text search we need context. Linked Data embeds the relationship of information, allowing queries of this context. Linked Data is a method of publishing structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful through semantic queries
- 7. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE SOME DEFINITIONS
- 8. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE OPEN DATA USE CASES • Open city (Chicago) government data being used to provide an additional service to citizens. • Each project is unique; can’t be directly replicated to different governments because there are no standards around this data. • Not possible had the government not opened up its data. • Includes involvement of a civic organization, not business.
- 9. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE OPEN DATA: LARGE LOTS Government program made more accessible by a community organization leveraging Open Data.
- 10. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE OPEN DATA: HEALTH ATLAS Smart Chicago–a civic organization– builds applications on top of the city’s Open Data, responding to the direct needs of citizens.
- 11. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE OPEN DATA: CLEAR STREETS DataMade–a data consultancy– uses the City’s open data of snow plows to let citizens know if their route is clear.
- 12. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE DATA STANDARD USE CASES • Emerging standards in Open Data. • Standards provide the framework on top of which an ecosystem of data providers and application developers can develop. • Hard to write a standard that captures every edge case, particularly when the standard is expected to be applied internationally. • Once a standard becomes established, businesses can grow up around it.
- 13. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE DATA STANDARD: GTFS Transportation sector has one of the clearest use cases for standards. Data Standards help smaller organizations build on the work of larger ones.
- 14. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE DATA STANDARD: GTFS CityMapper mashes up several data sets–public and private–and develops routing and decision making on top of it.
- 15. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE DATA STANDARD: GTFS Ecosystem around GTFS standard produces tooling and other support systems.
- 16. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE DATA STANDARD: LIVES Standards increase the impact of the work government and businesses are already doing.
- 17. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE DATA STANDARD: OPEN BANKING Open Data Standard evolving from government mandate.
- 18. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE LINKED DATA USE CASES • Linked Data, emerged from the research and development in the Semantic Web. • Powerfully generic. Designed to encompass and define essentially any kind of data set. • Heavy on the public-sector data-provider side: many data providers, often research and government institutes. • Challenge: moving from an academic field to industry. • Signs of progress: Google, renewed interest in AI.
- 19. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE LINKED DATA: GOOGLE Growing use of contextual linked data by large web companies.
- 20. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE LINKED DATA: BBC One of the most comprehensive and well developed Linked Data projects on the web.
- 21. LINKED DATA: EUROPEANA CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE The European Union has been investing in Linked Data projects for some time.
- 22. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR LINKED DATA • Biggest challenge for is encouraging adoption. • First-comer dilemma: why invest without obvious use case? Involve civic organizations. • Standardization is easiest within organizations or specific sectors. Concentrate on sectors that are most promising. • Have to line up the incentives of both the data provider and implementors. Find the right business model. What can the Linked Data community learn from other open data standardization projects?
- 23. CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE BUSINESS MODELS Ecosystem Model Transit providers have incentive to make their system easy to use. Solution: create an ecosystem around their data of apps who can make a profit while providing ease of use. Audience Model Concert promoters have an incentive to let people know about their event. Solution: provide event data with Linked Data metadata so that it can be integrated into Google and other tools. Greatest challenge is finding the business model for Linked Data that does not fit these incentives. Example: year the Republic of Korea was founded.
- 24. HELP THE IMPLEMENTORS CASE STUDIES CHALLENGES THE FUTURE MAKE IT SIMPLE AUDIENCE SOLVE PROBLEMS 😊 Make it Simple - Use tools that developers are already using. Example: JSON-LD is better than RDF/XML. - Build a toolset that is easy and modular. - Build for the implementors. Solve Real Problems - GTFS is just a text file. But it solves a real problem. - LIVES gives more than just customer reviews. Find the Audience - Find implementors with an audience. Example: Google using contextual data. - Future: News outlets have an audience and an incentive to be accurate. Collaboration between news and data providers?
- 25. THANK YOU ! ANY QUESTIONS? @_PICHOT [email protected]