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![Interprofessional collaborative practice refers to multiple
health providers from different professional backgrounds
working together with patients, families, caregivers, and
communities to deliver the highest quality care (World Health
Organization [WHO], 2010).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/day-6-250806150824-19545442/75/DAY-6-Summer-class-Ppt-Cultural-Nursing-6-2048.jpg)
DAY-6. Summer class. Ppt. Cultural Nursing
- 1. Decent Work Employmentand Transcultural Nursing (NUR 112)
- 2. INTERVIEW QUESTION FOR THE DAY Howdoes this position (staff nurse) fit into your future plans?
- 3. Culturally Competent Health Care Culturalcompetence in health care is having the knowledge, abilities, and skills to deliver care more congruent with the patient’s cultural beliefs and practices. Increasing one’s consciousness of cultural diversity improves the possibilities for health-care practitioners to provide culturally competent care.
- 4. Culturally Competent Health Care −Cultural competence should be a part of health-care provider basic training and based on cultural knowledge and experiential learning methods as well as having the opportunity to be exposed to different cultures (Khatib andHadid2019)
- 5. RATIONALE FOR CULTURALLY COMPETENTCARE 1. Multiple factors are converging at this time in history to heighten societal awareness of cultural similarities and differences among people. 2. Vulnerable populations are groups that are poorly integrated into the health care system because of ethnic, cultural, economic, geographic (rural and urban settings), or health characteristics, such as disabilities or multiple chronic conditions (Office of Minority Health &Equity, 2013). 3. Immigration and migration result in growing numbers of immigrants, people who move from one country or region to another for economic, political, religious, social, and personal reasons.
- 6. Interprofessional collaborative practicerefers to multiple health providers from different professional backgrounds working together with patients, families, caregivers, and communities to deliver the highest quality care (World Health Organization [WHO], 2010).
- 7. DEFINITIONS AND CATEGORIES OFCULTURAL COMPETENCE Individual Cultural Competence : Refers to the care provided for an individual client by one or more nurses, physicians, social workers,and/or other health care, education,or social services professionals.
- 8. DEFINITIONS AND CATEGORIES OFCULTURAL COMPETENCE Organizational Cultural Competence : Focuses on the collective competencies of the members of an organization and their effectiveness in meeting the diverse needs of their clients, patients, staff, andcommunity
- 9. DEFINITIONS AND CATEGORIES OFCULTURAL COMPETENCE Cultural baggage refers to the tendency for a person’s own culture to be foremost in his/her assumptions, thoughts,words, and behavior. People are seldom consciously aware that culture influences their world view and interactions with others.
- 10. INDIVIDUAL CULTURAL COMPETENCE Individual culturalcompetence is a complex integration of knowledge, attitudes, values,beliefs, behaviors, skills, practices, and cross-cultural nurse–client interactions that include effective communication and the provision of safe, affordable, accessible, research, evidence-based, and best practices, acceptable, quality, and efficacious nursing care for clients from diverse backgrounds.
- 11. The term diverseor diversity refers to the client’s uniqueness in the dimensions of race; ethnicity; national origin; socioeconomic background; age; gender; sexual orientation; philosophical and religious ideology; lifestyle; level of education; literacy; marital status; physical, emotional, and psychological ability; political ideology; size; and other characteristics used to compare or categorize people.
- 12. Cultural competence isnot an end point, but a dynamic, ongoing, lifelong, developmental process that requires self-reflection, intrinsic motivation, and commitment by the nurse to value, respect, and refrain from judging the beliefs, language, interpersonal styles, behaviors, and culturally based, health-related practices of individuals and families receiving services as well as the professional and auxiliary staff who are providing such services. Culturally competent nursing care requires effective cross-cultural communication, a diverse workforce, and is provided in a variety of social, cultural, economic, environmental, and other contexts across the life span (Roberts, Warda, Garbutt, & Curry, 2014).
- 13. CULTURAL DIVERSITY INHEALTH CARE The term “cultural diversity” was being used as popular culture by faculty, but seldom linked to care, health, or well-being with few exceptions. Accordingly, some schools labeled their courses “Cultural Diversity,” “Culture and Health,” or “Culture and Nursing” by early 1990s. Recently, cultural diversity and universality are of great popular and professional interest but often with limited knowledge of the terms.
- 14. Cultural diversity refersto the variations and differences among and between cultural groups resulting from differences in lifeways, language, values, norms, and other cultural aspects. By identifying cultural differences among and between cultures, nurses gradually began to value such differences and to provide culture-specific care. Cultural diversity also helps nurses to value differences and provide culture-specific care practices.
- 15. Cultural universals referto the commonalities among human beings or humanity that reveal the similarities or dominant features of humans. Universality refers to the nature of a being or an object that is held as common or universally found in the world as part of humanity.
- 16. The theory ofCulture Care Diversity and Universality is focused on what is universal and diverse about human caring and within cultural perspectives. The purpose of the theory is to discover similarities and differences about care and culture and to explain the relationship and reasons for the findings.
- 17. What is Diversityin Healthcare? Diversity in any workplace means having a workforce comprised of multiple races, ages, genders, ethnicities, and orientations. In other words, it refers to when the medical and administrative staff of a healthcare facility represents a wide range of experiences and background.
- 18. Diversity is Vitalto Patient Care Diversity in the workplace carries a host of benefits for healthcare employers, their staff, and their patients.Those benefits include: -Higher Employee Morale -Better Care for Diverse Populations -Higher Employee Retention -Better Recruitment -Stronger Individual Motivation -Better Problem Solving -Better Results
- 19. It’s worth mentioningthat while diversity is important, diversity without inclusion is ineffective. Not only do healthcare teams need to represent a variety of backgrounds, but each member needs to be given a voice.
- 20. What are theRisks of Lacking Healthcare Diversity? Communication Breakdown -Be it the result of a language barrier, differences in philosophy, differences in cultural norms(& expectations), or even cultural bias, lack of diversity can lead to communication breakdown with patients. Limited Perspectives-Lack of healthcare diversity can lead to limited perspective when providing patients with medical care, psychological treatment, and social support. Lack of Role Models-Mentorship plays a critical role in our medical system.
- 21. What are theRisks of Lacking Healthcare Diversity? Lack of Future Diversity -Albeit an obvious consequence, it is an important one to the future success of any healthcare organization. Bias -Bias does not always have to be explicitly expressed within a healthcare setting for it to become a problem.
- 22. How to PromoteDiversity in Healthcare 1. Create a Welcome Environment 2. Address Issues of Bias Quickly and Openly 3. Encourage Diverse Applicants 4. Diversity for More Than Diversity’s Sake 5. Listen
- 23. CULTURAL INFLUENCES AFFECTING NURSINGCARE Health is a cultural concept because culture frames and shapes how we perceive the world and our experiences.
- 24. Along with otherdeterminants of health and disease, culture helps to define: - How patients and health care providers view health and illness. - What patients and health care providers believe about the causes of disease. - Which diseases or conditions are stigmatized and why. - What types of health promotion activities are practiced, recommended or insured. - How illness and pain are experienced and expressed. In some cultures, stoicism is the norm, even in the face of severe pain.
- 25. Along with otherdeterminants of health and disease, culture helps to define: - Where patients seek help, how they ask for help and, perhaps, when they make their first approach. - Patient interaction with health care providers. - The degree of understanding and compliance with treatment options recommended by health care providers who do not share their cultural beliefs. - How patients and providers perceive chronic disease and various treatment options.
- 26. Culture also affectshealth in other ways, such as: − Acceptance of a diagnosis, including who should be told, when and how. − Acceptance of preventive or health promotion measures (e.g., vaccines, prenatal care, birth control, screening tests, etc.). − Perception of the amount of control individuals have in preventing and controlling disease. − Perceptions of death, dying and who should be involved. − Use of direct versus indirect communication. Making or avoiding eye contact can be viewed as rude or polite, depending on culture.
- 27. Culture also affectshealth in other ways, such as: − Willingness to discuss symptoms with a health care provider, or with an interpreter being present. − Influence of family dynamics, including traditional gender roles, filial responsibilities, and patterns of support among family members. − Perceptions of youth and aging. − How accessible the health system is, as well as how well it functions.
- 31. WHAT HEALTH PROFESSIONALS CANDO − Consider how your own cultural beliefs, values and behaviors may affect interactions with patients. If you suspect an interaction has been adversely affected by cultural bias–your own or your patient’s –consider seeking help. − Respect, understand and work with differing cultural perceptions of effective or appropriate treatment. Ask about and record how your patients like to receive health care and treatment information. − Where needed, arrange for an appropriate interpreter. − Listen carefully to your patients and confirm that you have understood their messages.
- 32. WHAT HEALTH PROFESSIONALS CANDO − Make sure you understand how the patient understands his or her own health or illness. − Recognize that families may use complementary and alternative therapies. For appropriate, specific conditions, remind them that complementary and alternative medicine use can delay biomedical testing or treatment and potentially cause harm. − Try to ‘locate’ the patient. Assess their support system. What are their language skills? − Negotiate a treatment plan based on shared understanding and agreement. − Find out whether a patient or family would benefit from spoken or visual messaging for reasons of culture or limited literacy.
- 33. ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT CULTURES Acultural assessment is the process used by nurses to assess cultural needs of individual clients (Leininger,1991, 1995). Cultural assessment, or culturologic assessment ,refers to a systematic, comprehensive examination of individuals, families, groups, and communities regarding their health-related cultural beliefs, values, and practices.
- 34. The cultural assessmentconsists of both process and content . − Process refers to how to approach to the client, consideration of verbal and nonverbal communication, and the sequence and order in which data are gathered. − The content of the cultural assessment consists of the actual data categories in which information about clients is gathered.
- 35. Nurses are requiredto complete assessments before and/or at the time of admission to health care facilities, when opening home health care cases, and prior to many types of medical and surgical procedures. In general, the purpose of all successful cultural assessments is to collect information that helps health professionals better understand and address the specific health needs and interests of their target populations.
- 36. BASIC PRINCIPLES OFCULTURAL ASSESSMENT 1. All cultures must be viewed in the context in which they have developed. Cultural practices develop as a “logical” or understandable response to a particular human problem, and the setting as well as the problem must be considered. This is one reason why environmental and/or contextual data are so important. 2. The meaning and purpose of the behavior must be interpreted within the context of the specific culture. 3. There is such a phenomenon as intracultural variation. Not every member of a cultural group displays all the behaviors that are associated with that group.
- 37. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN TRANSCULTURALNURSING Ethical Diversity • Ethical relativism holds that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture; hence, there are no universal truths in ethics. It emphasizes the need to examine the context of the decision because sociocultural differences influence whether an act is moral. Ethical relativism states that what is right for one group may not be right for another(Wong, 2006). − Ethics is concerned with human actions” (MacIntyre, 1996). − Ethics thus is concerned with human character or virtue (Rachels, 2003). − “Ethics is defined as a code of conduct developed and reinforced in terms of what is good and right (or moral)in character and behavior” (Ray, 1998).
- 38. Biomedical ethics exemplifies anumber of ethical principles: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, veracity, confidentiality, justice, and fidelity. “Ethical principles are basic moral truths that guide deliberation and action” in medicine and nursing and are grounded in ethical theories.
- 39. Beneficence is todo good and requires nurses to act in ways that benefit or are good for patients. Nurses are obligated to act beneficently—what is morally and legally demanded by nursing’s professional role.
- 40. Nonmaleficence is aprinciple that requires nurses to act in such a way that no deliberate harm, risk of harm, and harm that relates to doing no harm in the wake of doing good. The first principle of the Hippocratic oath of medicine is to do no harm
- 41. Autonomy means tofacilitate the freedom for self-governance or self-organization in patients with the assistance of family members or significant others. Allowing choice, working with the patient, family, and community to cocreate what is needed for health and well-being is a primary nursing role..
- 42. Veracity is anethical principle that relates to telling the truth. “Truthfulness is widely accepted as a universal human virtue. In terms of relational caring, trust is one of the most important ways of being.
- 43. Justice is “theethical principle that relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed to persons, recognizing that giving to some will deny receipt to others who might otherwise have received these things. Justice issues relate to the distribution of the greatest good to the greatest number. In health care and public health care in particular, the principle focuses on distribution of goods, money, and services(distributive justice).
- 44. Fidelity is anethical principle that relates to faithfulness and keeping promises. In nursing, the principle of fidelity means loyalty to the patient within the nurse-patient relationship. Nurses make promises to their patients by means of the social contract of a nursing license or certificate of competence and as they care for the patients. Nurses must do everything in their power to be a patient advocate.
- 45. Transcultural ethics -is verycomplex and dynamic. The immediate purpose of transcultural ethics is to “hear the other” and “learn from the other” with mutual respect. This validates the idea that all people are cultural beings and have diverse values, beliefs, and attitudes. As cultural beings relate, transcultural ethics offers a framework within which to interact. The conscience in which this ethics illuminates strives to mitigate disrespect or elements of misconduct and to propagate the good, purpose, truth, and beauty within the interactions of all people and in nursing, nurses and patients, families or community groups.
- 46. Transcultural ethics illuminates the following: − Respectthe dignity of all people. − Promote the good of all people. − Honor all people through compassion and justice. − Value language differences. − Acknowledge complexity of religious, spiritual, and humanistic values. − Seek understanding of dynamic relationships related to ethnohistorical evolution of people in world cultures.
- 47. Transcultural ethics illuminates the following: − Seekunderstanding of the transmission of diverse values (purposes of existence) and learned behaviors and rules of law in cultures. − Promote communitarianism (listening to and learning from the other; encouraging all people to have a voice at the “table”). − Negotiate and facilitate the alleviation of conflict and strife in culture. − Develop covenants and rules of law, human rights, and cultural rights that promote rights to liberty and equality regardless of race, color, sex, language, religion, national, or social origins, property, and birth status.
- 48. Transcultural ethics illuminates the following: Declaration ofHuman Rights, 1948; and the Transcultural Nursing Society Position Statement on Human Rights, 2008. Protect the rights of nature (the environment). Promote individual and public health and well-being of all people
- 49.
- 50. ASSIGNMENT − INDIVIDUAL − Tobe WRITTEN on a short BOND PAPER to be submitted the next day March 4, 2024 (collect before the start of the class) − FONT : Calibri − FONT SIZE : 11 − Justified − 1” margin all sides
- 51. ANSWER CHU SAS 19& 20 TOPIC : What are the STANDARDS OF PRACTICE FOR CULTURALLY COMPETENT NURSING CARE?