Day1

PHP
Workshop
Day1

Prepared by :Ahmed Mahmoud Saad

Agenda

1. Introduction

2. Install

2. Getting started

3. Example

3

Introduction to PHP
 PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
 Originally called “Personal Home Page
Tools”
 Popular server-side scripting
technology
 Open-source
 Anyone may view, modify and redistribute
source code
 Supported freely by community
 Platform independent

G. Ochoa, G64HLL

Brief History of PHP
As of August 2004, PHP is used on 16,946,328 Domains,
1,348,793 IP Addresses http://www.php.net/usage.php
This is roughly 32% of all domains on the web.

Why is PHP used?
3. Cost Benefits
PHP is free. Open source code means that the entire PHP community will contribute
towards bug fixes. There are several add-on technologies (libraries) for PHP that are
also free.

PHP
Software Free

Platform Free (Linux)

Development Tools Free
PHP Coder, jEdit

Getting Started
How to escape from HTML and enter PHP mode .1
PHP parses a file by looking for one of the special tags that 
tells it to start interpreting the text as PHP code. The parser then
executes all of the code it finds until it runs into a PHP closing tag.
HTML PHP CODE HTML

<?php echo “Hello World”; ?>

Starting tag Ending tag Notes
<?php ?> Preferred method as it allows the use of
PHP with XHTML
<? ?> Not recommended. Easier to type, but has
to be enabled and may conflict with XML
<script language="php"> ?> Always available, best if used when
FrontPage is the HTML editor

<% %> Not recommended. ASP tags support was
added in 3.0.4

7

PHP reserved words
Keywords
Reserved for language features
if…elseif…else

PHP keywords
and do for include require true
break else foreach list return var
case elseif function new static virtual
class extends global not switch xor
continue false if or this while
default

G. Ochoa, G64HLL

1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
3
4 
5 
6 Scripting delimiters
7 <?php
8 $name = "LunaTic"; // declaration
9 ?> Declare variable $name
10
11 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
12 <head>
13 <title>A simple PHP document</title>Single-line comment
14 </head>
15
16 <body style = "font-size: 2em">
17 <p>
18 <strong>
19
20 
21 Welcome to PHP, <?php print( "$name" ); ?>!
22 </strong>
23 </p>
24 </body>
Function print outputs the value of variable
$name
25 </html>

Install
 If
your server supports php you don‟t
need to install php .
 You need only to create [*.php] files in the
web directory of the server .
 Most of servers nowadays, support php
parsing.

Install
 We will use Wamp Server
 Install Wamp x64 or x32 .
 Install it in the default directory
“c:Wamp”
 Within the install .. Installer will ask you the
browser you want .. Choose it if you want
or click open to choose the default action
(as the image in the next slide).
 Run WampServer.exe from C:Wamp

Hello World
 Make a new folder in the directory
“C:WampWWW” named “my first
project”
 Create a new file “Hello world.php” and
open it using any text editor (notepad++
recommended)

 Write this line then save:
<?php echo “Hello World” ?>

Server Parses the file
 Go to local host (using wamp tray icon)

Variables in php
 Variables are used for storing a values, like text
strings, numbers or arrays.
 A variable name must start with a letter or an
underscore "_"
 A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric
characters and underscores (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and _ )
 A variable name should not contain spaces. If a
variable name is more than
 one word, it should be separated with underscore
($my_string), or with
 All variables in PHP start with a $ sign symbol.
 $myText= “the text” ;
 $myNumber= 6 ;
 $myDate= date("d/m/Y");
 echo $myText."<br>".$myNumber."<br>".$myDate."<br>"."Hello!!";

Operations on variables
Strings:
 Strlen(“mystring”):returns the length of a string
 strpos(“hello world”,”hello”):returns the
position of a substring in a string.
 Use „.‟ to concatenate 2 or more strings :
echo ”hello ”. “world”;
 $mystring[0]:returns first character

Date:
 Date(“m”):returns month
number(“d”day,”y”year in 2 digits (98
stands for 1998))
 Date(“M”):returns month name („‟D”day
name Ynormal 4 digits)
 Formatting date :Date(“d/m/Y”) , Date(“d-M-
Y”) , Date(“D.M.Y”),…
 $tomorrow=mktime(0,0,0,date("m"),date("d")+
1,date("Y"));
echo “tomorrow is ”. Date(“d/M/Y”);

 Arithmetic operation on numbers

 Assignment operation

 Comparing operation

 Comparing operation on numbers

Arrays
What is an array?
 When working with PHP, sooner or later, you might want
to create many similar variables.
 Instead of having many similar variables, you can store
the data as elements in an array.
 Numeric array - An array with a numeric ID key
 Associative array - An array where each ID key is associated
with a value
 Multidimensional array - An array containing one or more
arrays

Numeric arrays
 $names = array("Peter","Quagmire","Joe");
assign the ID key manually:
 $names[0] = "Peter";
 $names[1] = "Quagmire";
 $names[2] = "Joe";
Example
 echo “first name is " . $names[0];
Output: first name is Peter

Associative array
 $ages array("Peter"=>32,"Quagmire"=>30,"Joe"=>34);
 $ages['Peter'] = "32";
 $ages['Quagmire'] = "30";
 $ages['Joe'] = "34"
Example:
echo "Peter is " . $ages['Peter'] . " years old.";
Output: Peter is 32 " years old.

Multidimensional array
 $families = array(
"Griffin"=>array("Peter","Lois","Megan"),
"Quagmire"=>array("Glenn"),
"Brown"=>array("Cleveland", "Loretta","Junior")
);
 $ families["Griffin“][1]="Lois";
 $ families[" Quagmire“][0]=" Glenn“;
 $ families[" Brown“][2]=" Junior“;
Example:

 echo "Is " . $families['Griffin'][2] ." a part of the Griffin family?";

If statement
if (condition1)
code to be executed if condition1 is true;
Elseif (condition2)
code to be executed if condition2 is true;
.
.
else
code to be executed if neither condition1 nor condition2 is true;
Example:
<?php
$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri") echo "Have a nice weekend!";
elseif ($d=="Sun") echo "Have a nice Sunday!";
else echo "Have a nice day!";
?>
Output if today is Friday:Have a nice weekend!
Output if today is Sunday:Have a nice Sunday!
Else Output is: Have a nice day!

While loop
 while (condition)
code to be executed;
Example:
<?php
$i=1;
while($i<=5){
echo "The number is " . $i . “ , ";
$i++;}
?>
Output: 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ,

For loop
 for (init; cond; incr){
code to be executed;
}
Example:
<?php
for ($i=1; $i<=5; $i++){
echo "Hello World!<br />";}
?>
//Prints Hello world 5 times
Printing array:
<?php
for ($i=0; $i<=5; $i++){
echo arr[i] . "<br />";}
?>
//Prints first 5 items in the array ‘arr’

functions
 A function is a block of code that can be executed
whenever we need it.
 Creating PHP functions:
 All functions start with the word "function()"
 Name the function - It should be possible to understand
what the function does by its name. The name can start
with a letter or underscore (not a number)
 after "{" - The function code starts
 after "}" - The function is finished

Function Examples
 Void function (no return value):
function printHello(){
echo “Hello”;
}
printHello();

Output: Hello

function printName($name){
echo “Hello ”.$name.”!!”;
}
printName(“Hamada”);

Output: Hello Hamada!!

Function Examples
 Function returns value:
function add($first,$second){
$sum= $first+$second ;
return $sum;}
$K=add (1,2);

Output: K = 3

function concatenate($firstString,$secondString){
$newString= $firstString.$ secondString;
return $newString;}
$S = concatenate(“Hello ”,”World”);

Output: S =3

$_GET
 used to retrieve information from forms, like
user input.
 The $_GET variable is used to collect values
from a form with method="get".
 Information sent from a form with the GET
method is visible to everyone (it will be
displayed in the browser's address bar) and it
has limits on the amount of information to
send (max. 100 characters).

$_GET
 HTML file (Welcome.htm)
<form action="welcome.php" method="get">
Name: <input type="text" name="name" />
Age: <input type="text" name="age" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
 PHP file (Welcome.php)
Welcome <?php echo $_GET["name"]; ?>.<br />
You are <?php echo $_GET["age"]; ?> years old!

$_POST
 used to retrieve information from forms,
like user input.
 The $_POST variable is used to collect
values from a form with method=“post".
 Information sent from a form with the
POST method is invisible to everyone.

Cookies
 What is a Cookie?
 A cookie is often used to identify a user. A cookie is a small file that
the
 server embeds on the user's computer. Each time the same
computer requests
 a page with a browser, it will send the cookie too. With PHP, you
can both
 create and retrieve cookie values.

How to Create a Cookie?
 The setcookie() function is used to set a cookie.
Note: The setcookie() function must appear BEFORE the <html> tag.
Syntax:
setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain);

Cookies
 Setting cookie:
<?php
setcookie("user", "Alex Porter", time()+3600);
?>
<html>
.
.
Getting cookie:
<?php
// Print a cookie
echo $_COOKIE["user"];
// A way to view all cookies
print_r($_COOKIE);
?>
 Checking if Cookies is set :
if( isset($_COOKIE["user"] )
 Deleting cookie: setcookie("user", "", time()-3600);

$_REQUEST
 The PHP $_REQUEST variable contains the
contents of both $_GET, $_POST, and
$_COOKIE.
 The PHP $_REQUEST variable can be used
to get the result from form data sent with
both the GET and POST methods.

Example (1):reversing a string
Reverse.htm:

<form action="Reverse.php" method="get">
the word: <input type="text" name=" TheWord" />
<input type="submit" value = "reverse"/>
</form>
Reverse.php

The word Reversed is: <?php
$myWord = $_GET["TheWord"];
$newWord="";
for ($i = strlen($myWord)-1 ;$i >= 0 ; $i--){
$newWord .= $myWord[$i];
}
echo $newWord ;
?>

Example (1):reversing a string
(inside JavaScript)
Reverse.htm:
<form action="Reverse.php" method="get">
the word: <input type="text" name=" TheWord" />
<input type="submit" value = "reverse"/>
</form>
Reverse.php
<script type = " text/javascript">
window.alert("The word Reversed is: <?php
$myWord = $_GET["TheWord"];
$newWord="";
for ($i = strlen($myWord)-1 ;$i >= 0 ; $i--){
$newWord .= $myWord[$i];
}
echo $newWord ;
?>");
</script>
..ThanQ

todo
 Write a form that user enter his name and birthday and php
code that receives data and
 verify it (month number <=12 and so on )
 Calculate age (years ,days)
 Print all the leap years the user live in (year divisible by 4).
 Print a pyramid represents the user age in years
 Example:
if user is 3 years old (after calculation)
Output is:
.
..
…

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