Demys&fying	
  	
  
Lean	
  Startups	
  
Tathagat	
  Varma	
  
Discussion	
  Points	
  
Challenges	
  with	
  tradi&onal	
  startups	
  and	
  NPD	
  
The	
  Lean	
  Startup	
  Model,	
  Principles	
  and	
  Methods	
  
Does	
  it	
  work	
  for	
  New	
  Product	
  Development?	
  
Case	
  Studies	
  
Once	
  upon	
  a	
  &me…	
  
Welcome	
  to	
  the	
  Bold	
  New	
  World!	
  
“AJer	
  about	
  a	
  week	
  of	
  coding,	
  Zuckerberg	
  launched	
  thefacebook.com	
  last	
  
Wednesday	
  aJernoon.	
  The	
  website	
  combines	
  elements	
  of	
  a	
  standard	
  House	
  
face	
  book	
  with	
  extensive	
  profile	
  features	
  that	
  allow	
  students	
  to	
  search	
  for	
  
others	
  in	
  their	
  courses,	
  social	
  organiza&ons	
  and	
  Houses.	
  
	
  
“Everyone’s	
  been	
  talking	
  a	
  lot	
  about	
  a	
  universal	
  face	
  book	
  within	
  Harvard,”	
  
Zuckerberg	
  said.	
  “I	
  think	
  it’s	
  kind	
  of	
  silly	
  that	
  it	
  would	
  take	
  the	
  University	
  a	
  
couple	
  of	
  years	
  to	
  get	
  around	
  to	
  it.	
  I	
  can	
  do	
  it	
  be-er	
  than	
  they	
  can,	
  and	
  I	
  can	
  
do	
  it	
  in	
  a	
  week.”	
  
	
  
As	
  of	
  yesterday	
  aJernoon,	
  Zuckerberg	
  said	
  over	
  650	
  students	
  had	
  registered	
  
use	
  thefacebook.com.	
  He	
  said	
  that	
  he	
  an&cipated	
  that	
  900	
  students	
  would	
  
have	
  joined	
  the	
  site	
  by	
  this	
  morning.	
  
	
  
“I’m	
  prey	
  happy	
  with	
  the	
  amount	
  of	
  people	
  that	
  have	
  been	
  to	
  it	
  so	
  far,”	
  he	
  
said.	
  “The	
  nature	
  of	
  the	
  site	
  is	
  that	
  each	
  user’s	
  experience	
  improves	
  if	
  they	
  
can	
  get	
  their	
  friends	
  to	
  join	
  it.”	
  
hp://www.thecrimson.com/ar&cle/2004/2/9/hundreds-­‐register-­‐for-­‐new-­‐facebook-­‐website/#	
  	
  
Ok,	
  I	
  have	
  an	
  idea…a	
  BIG	
  idea!!!	
  
How	
  should	
  
I	
  proceed?	
  
I	
  could	
  do…	
  
OR	
  
Dot-­‐com-­‐era	
  style	
  	
  
“Stealth	
  Mode”	
  
Startup	
  
Cowboy	
  style	
  
“Just	
  Do	
  It”	
  
Startup	
  
hp://datacatalyst.marsdd.com/accelerators-­‐worth-­‐the-­‐hype/	
  	
  
hp://www.emilianosoldipmp.info/wp-­‐content/uploads/2012/08/Stacey.png	
  	
  
That’s	
  the	
  
problem	
  we	
  
need	
  to	
  solve!	
  
And	
  these	
  are	
  
the	
  methods	
  we	
  
are	
  using!!!	
  
Lean	
  Startup	
  Model	
  
•  The	
  Lean	
  Startup	
  provides	
  a	
  scien=fic	
  approach	
  to	
  
crea&ng	
  and	
  managing	
  startups	
  and	
  get	
  a	
  desired	
  
product	
  to	
  customers'	
  hands	
  faster.	
  The	
  Lean	
  Startup	
  
method	
  teaches	
  how	
  to	
  drive	
  a	
  startup-­‐how	
  to	
  steer,	
  
when	
  to	
  turn,	
  and	
  when	
  to	
  persevere-­‐and	
  grow	
  a	
  
business	
  with	
  maximum	
  accelera&on.	
  It	
  is	
  a	
  principled	
  
approach	
  to	
  new	
  product	
  development.	
  
•  Lean	
  Startup	
  favors	
  	
  
–  experimenta=on	
  over	
  elaborate	
  planning,	
  	
  
–  customer	
  feedback	
  over	
  intui&on,	
  and	
  	
  
–  itera=ve	
  design	
  over	
  tradi&onal	
  ‘big	
  design	
  up	
  front’	
  
development	
  
What’s	
  a	
  Startup?	
  
“A	
  startup	
  is	
  a	
  human	
  ins.tu.on	
  designed	
  to	
  
create	
  a	
  new	
  product	
  or	
  service	
  under	
  
condi.ons	
  of	
  extreme	
  uncertainty”	
  
The	
  products	
  a	
  startup	
  builds	
  are	
  really	
  
experiments;	
  the	
  learning	
  about	
  how	
  to	
  
build	
  a	
  sustainable	
  business	
  is	
  the	
  outcome	
  
of	
  those	
  experiments.	
  
Lean	
  Startup	
  Principles	
  
Entrepreneurs	
  are	
  everywhere	
  
Entrepreneurship	
  is	
  management	
  
Validated	
  Learning	
  
Build-­‐Measure-­‐Learn	
  
Innova&on	
  Accoun&ng	
  
Customer	
  Development	
  
GET OUT OF THE BUILDING…
Minimize	
  
TOTAL	
  =me	
  
through	
  the	
  
loop	
  
Instead	
  of	
  making	
  complex	
  plans	
  
that	
  are	
  based	
  on	
  a	
  lot	
  of	
  
assump&ons,	
  you	
  can	
  make	
  
constant	
  adjustments	
  with	
  a	
  
steering	
  wheel	
  call	
  the	
  Build-­‐
Measure-­‐Learn	
  feedback	
  loops.	
  
Through	
  this	
  process	
  of	
  steering,	
  
we	
  can	
  learn	
  when	
  and	
  if	
  it’s	
  &me	
  
to	
  make	
  a	
  sharp	
  turn	
  called	
  a	
  pivot	
  
or	
  whether	
  we	
  should	
  persevere	
  
along	
  the	
  current	
  path	
  
The	
  MVP	
  is	
  that	
  version	
  of	
  a	
  new	
  
product	
  which	
  allows	
  a	
  team	
  to	
  
collect	
  the	
  maximum	
  amount	
  of	
  
validated	
  learning	
  about	
  
customers	
  with	
  the	
  least	
  effort	
  or	
  
development	
  &me.	
  The	
  MVP	
  lacks	
  
many	
  features	
  that	
  may	
  prove	
  
essen&al	
  later	
  on.	
  	
  
	
  
MVP	
  is	
  not	
  a	
  minimal	
  product!	
  
A/B	
  Tes&ng	
  
hp://wp.streetwise.co/wp-­‐content/uploads/2012/07/A-­‐B-­‐tes&ng.jpg	
  	
  
Validated	
  Learning	
  
•  Validated	
  learning	
  about	
  customers	
  is	
  the	
  measure	
  of	
  progress	
  in	
  a	
  Lean	
  
Startup	
  –	
  not	
  lines	
  of	
  working	
  code	
  or	
  achieving	
  product	
  development	
  
milestones.	
  
•  Process	
  in	
  which	
  one	
  learns	
  by	
  trying	
  out	
  an	
  ini&al	
  idea	
  and	
  then	
  
measuring	
  it	
  to	
  validate	
  the	
  effect.	
  Each	
  test	
  of	
  an	
  idea	
  is	
  
single	
  itera&on	
  in	
  a	
  larger	
  process	
  of	
  many	
  itera&ons	
  whereby	
  something	
  
is	
  learnt	
  and	
  the	
  lessons	
  applied	
  to	
  the	
  succeeding	
  tests.[1]	
  
•  Typical	
  steps	
  in	
  validated	
  learning:	
  
–  Specify	
  a	
  goal	
  
–  Specify	
  a	
  metric	
  that	
  represents	
  the	
  goal	
  
–  Act	
  to	
  achieve	
  the	
  goal	
  
–  Analyze	
  the	
  metric	
  -­‐	
  did	
  you	
  get	
  closer	
  to	
  the	
  goal?	
  
–  Improve	
  and	
  try	
  again	
  
Innova&on	
  Accoun&ng	
  
•  Enables	
  startups	
  to	
  prove	
  objec&vely	
  that	
  they	
  are	
  learning	
  
how	
  to	
  grow	
  a	
  sustainable	
  business	
  
–  Use	
  an	
  MVP	
  to	
  establish	
  real	
  data	
  on	
  where	
  the	
  company	
  is	
  
right	
  now	
  
–  Startups	
  must	
  aempt	
  to	
  tune	
  the	
  engine	
  from	
  the	
  baseline	
  
toward	
  the	
  ideal.	
  This	
  could	
  take	
  many	
  aempts.	
  
–  Pivot	
  or	
  persevere	
  
•  Ac&onable	
  vs.	
  Vanity	
  Metrics	
  
–  For	
  a	
  report	
  to	
  be	
  considered	
  ac&onable,	
  it	
  must	
  demonstrate	
  
clear	
  cause	
  and	
  effect.	
  Otherwise,	
  it	
  is	
  a	
  vanity	
  metric.	
  
–  Ac&onable	
  metrics	
  can	
  lead	
  to	
  informed	
  business	
  decisions	
  and	
  
subsequent	
  ac&on.[24][1]	
  These	
  are	
  in	
  contrast	
  to	
  'vanity	
  metrics'	
  
-­‐	
  measurements	
  that	
  give	
  “the	
  rosiest	
  picture	
  possible”	
  but	
  do	
  
not	
  accurately	
  reflect	
  the	
  key	
  drivers	
  of	
  a	
  business.	
  
Pivot	
  
Kanban	
  
Con&nuous	
  Deployment	
  
Products	
  and	
  Services	
  that	
  have	
  
benefited	
  from	
  Lean	
  Startup	
  
Conclusions	
  
Complex	
  solu&ons	
  need	
  feedback-­‐based	
  adap&ve	
  
approach	
  
Managing	
  a	
  ‘startup’	
  successfully	
  requires	
  early	
  
valida=ons	
  on	
  key	
  hypotheses	
  
Lean	
  Startup	
  model	
  offers	
  an	
  integrated	
  approach	
  to	
  
solve	
  complex	
  problems	
  in	
  an	
  uncertain	
  environment	
  
References	
  
•  hp://theleanstartup.com/#casestudies	
  
•  hp://agbeat.com/entrepreneur/why-­‐11-­‐out-­‐of-­‐every-­‐12-­‐startups-­‐fails/	
  
•  hp://techcrunch.com/2011/09/13/instagram-­‐and-­‐intuit-­‐founders-­‐discuss-­‐lean-­‐
startups-­‐pivots-­‐and-­‐what-­‐makes-­‐a-­‐product-­‐successful/	
  
•  hp://www.forbes.com/sites/hbsworkingknowledge/2013/02/25/lean-­‐startup-­‐
strategy-­‐not-­‐just-­‐for-­‐startups/	
  
•  hp://steveblank.com/	
  
•  hp://www.startuplessonslearned.com/2009/04/validated-­‐learning-­‐about-­‐
customers.html	
  	
  
•  hp://www.startuplessonslearned.com/2008/09/lean-­‐startup.html	
  	
  
•  hp://www.startuplessonslearned.com/2008/11/what-­‐is-­‐customer-­‐
development.html	
  	
  
•  hps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validated_learning	
  	
  
•  hp://www.ashmaurya.com/2010/04/3-­‐rules-­‐for-­‐building-­‐features-­‐in-­‐a-­‐lean-­‐
startup/	
  	
  
•  hp://www.ashmaurya.com/2011/06/your-­‐product-­‐is-­‐not-­‐the-­‐product/	
  	
  
•  hp://www.ashmaurya.com/2009/11/achievingproductmarkeuit/	
  	
  

Demystifying Lean Startups

  • 1.
    Demys&fying     Lean  Startups   Tathagat  Varma  
  • 2.
    Discussion  Points   Challenges  with  tradi&onal  startups  and  NPD   The  Lean  Startup  Model,  Principles  and  Methods   Does  it  work  for  New  Product  Development?   Case  Studies  
  • 3.
    Once  upon  a  &me…  
  • 4.
    Welcome  to  the  Bold  New  World!   “AJer  about  a  week  of  coding,  Zuckerberg  launched  thefacebook.com  last   Wednesday  aJernoon.  The  website  combines  elements  of  a  standard  House   face  book  with  extensive  profile  features  that  allow  students  to  search  for   others  in  their  courses,  social  organiza&ons  and  Houses.     “Everyone’s  been  talking  a  lot  about  a  universal  face  book  within  Harvard,”   Zuckerberg  said.  “I  think  it’s  kind  of  silly  that  it  would  take  the  University  a   couple  of  years  to  get  around  to  it.  I  can  do  it  be-er  than  they  can,  and  I  can   do  it  in  a  week.”     As  of  yesterday  aJernoon,  Zuckerberg  said  over  650  students  had  registered   use  thefacebook.com.  He  said  that  he  an&cipated  that  900  students  would   have  joined  the  site  by  this  morning.     “I’m  prey  happy  with  the  amount  of  people  that  have  been  to  it  so  far,”  he   said.  “The  nature  of  the  site  is  that  each  user’s  experience  improves  if  they   can  get  their  friends  to  join  it.”   hp://www.thecrimson.com/ar&cle/2004/2/9/hundreds-­‐register-­‐for-­‐new-­‐facebook-­‐website/#    
  • 5.
    Ok,  I  have  an  idea…a  BIG  idea!!!   How  should   I  proceed?  
  • 6.
    I  could  do…   OR   Dot-­‐com-­‐era  style     “Stealth  Mode”   Startup   Cowboy  style   “Just  Do  It”   Startup  
  • 7.
  • 10.
    hp://www.emilianosoldipmp.info/wp-­‐content/uploads/2012/08/Stacey.png     That’s  the   problem  we   need  to  solve!   And  these  are   the  methods  we   are  using!!!  
  • 11.
    Lean  Startup  Model   •  The  Lean  Startup  provides  a  scien=fic  approach  to   crea&ng  and  managing  startups  and  get  a  desired   product  to  customers'  hands  faster.  The  Lean  Startup   method  teaches  how  to  drive  a  startup-­‐how  to  steer,   when  to  turn,  and  when  to  persevere-­‐and  grow  a   business  with  maximum  accelera&on.  It  is  a  principled   approach  to  new  product  development.   •  Lean  Startup  favors     –  experimenta=on  over  elaborate  planning,     –  customer  feedback  over  intui&on,  and     –  itera=ve  design  over  tradi&onal  ‘big  design  up  front’   development  
  • 12.
    What’s  a  Startup?   “A  startup  is  a  human  ins.tu.on  designed  to   create  a  new  product  or  service  under   condi.ons  of  extreme  uncertainty”   The  products  a  startup  builds  are  really   experiments;  the  learning  about  how  to   build  a  sustainable  business  is  the  outcome   of  those  experiments.  
  • 13.
    Lean  Startup  Principles   Entrepreneurs  are  everywhere   Entrepreneurship  is  management   Validated  Learning   Build-­‐Measure-­‐Learn   Innova&on  Accoun&ng  
  • 15.
  • 17.
    GET OUT OFTHE BUILDING…
  • 18.
    Minimize   TOTAL  =me   through  the   loop   Instead  of  making  complex  plans   that  are  based  on  a  lot  of   assump&ons,  you  can  make   constant  adjustments  with  a   steering  wheel  call  the  Build-­‐ Measure-­‐Learn  feedback  loops.   Through  this  process  of  steering,   we  can  learn  when  and  if  it’s  &me   to  make  a  sharp  turn  called  a  pivot   or  whether  we  should  persevere   along  the  current  path   The  MVP  is  that  version  of  a  new   product  which  allows  a  team  to   collect  the  maximum  amount  of   validated  learning  about   customers  with  the  least  effort  or   development  &me.  The  MVP  lacks   many  features  that  may  prove   essen&al  later  on.       MVP  is  not  a  minimal  product!  
  • 21.
  • 22.
    Validated  Learning   • Validated  learning  about  customers  is  the  measure  of  progress  in  a  Lean   Startup  –  not  lines  of  working  code  or  achieving  product  development   milestones.   •  Process  in  which  one  learns  by  trying  out  an  ini&al  idea  and  then   measuring  it  to  validate  the  effect.  Each  test  of  an  idea  is   single  itera&on  in  a  larger  process  of  many  itera&ons  whereby  something   is  learnt  and  the  lessons  applied  to  the  succeeding  tests.[1]   •  Typical  steps  in  validated  learning:   –  Specify  a  goal   –  Specify  a  metric  that  represents  the  goal   –  Act  to  achieve  the  goal   –  Analyze  the  metric  -­‐  did  you  get  closer  to  the  goal?   –  Improve  and  try  again  
  • 23.
    Innova&on  Accoun&ng   • Enables  startups  to  prove  objec&vely  that  they  are  learning   how  to  grow  a  sustainable  business   –  Use  an  MVP  to  establish  real  data  on  where  the  company  is   right  now   –  Startups  must  aempt  to  tune  the  engine  from  the  baseline   toward  the  ideal.  This  could  take  many  aempts.   –  Pivot  or  persevere   •  Ac&onable  vs.  Vanity  Metrics   –  For  a  report  to  be  considered  ac&onable,  it  must  demonstrate   clear  cause  and  effect.  Otherwise,  it  is  a  vanity  metric.   –  Ac&onable  metrics  can  lead  to  informed  business  decisions  and   subsequent  ac&on.[24][1]  These  are  in  contrast  to  'vanity  metrics'   -­‐  measurements  that  give  “the  rosiest  picture  possible”  but  do   not  accurately  reflect  the  key  drivers  of  a  business.  
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 28.
    Products  and  Services  that  have   benefited  from  Lean  Startup  
  • 29.
    Conclusions   Complex  solu&ons  need  feedback-­‐based  adap&ve   approach   Managing  a  ‘startup’  successfully  requires  early   valida=ons  on  key  hypotheses   Lean  Startup  model  offers  an  integrated  approach  to   solve  complex  problems  in  an  uncertain  environment  
  • 30.
    References   •  hp://theleanstartup.com/#casestudies   •  hp://agbeat.com/entrepreneur/why-­‐11-­‐out-­‐of-­‐every-­‐12-­‐startups-­‐fails/   •  hp://techcrunch.com/2011/09/13/instagram-­‐and-­‐intuit-­‐founders-­‐discuss-­‐lean-­‐ startups-­‐pivots-­‐and-­‐what-­‐makes-­‐a-­‐product-­‐successful/   •  hp://www.forbes.com/sites/hbsworkingknowledge/2013/02/25/lean-­‐startup-­‐ strategy-­‐not-­‐just-­‐for-­‐startups/   •  hp://steveblank.com/   •  hp://www.startuplessonslearned.com/2009/04/validated-­‐learning-­‐about-­‐ customers.html     •  hp://www.startuplessonslearned.com/2008/09/lean-­‐startup.html     •  hp://www.startuplessonslearned.com/2008/11/what-­‐is-­‐customer-­‐ development.html     •  hps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validated_learning     •  hp://www.ashmaurya.com/2010/04/3-­‐rules-­‐for-­‐building-­‐features-­‐in-­‐a-­‐lean-­‐ startup/     •  hp://www.ashmaurya.com/2011/06/your-­‐product-­‐is-­‐not-­‐the-­‐product/     •  hp://www.ashmaurya.com/2009/11/achievingproductmarkeuit/