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![CONCLUSIONS–
Atopic dermatitis can be treated by following a few basic rules
regarding skin hydration, use of a moisturizer, and topical steroid applications
to reduce inflammation. The distinction between the various types of contact
dermatitis is based on a number of factors. these findings have been
acknowledged not to distinguish [9], and even positive patch testing does not
rule out the existence of an irritant form of dermatitis as well as an
immunological one. It is important to remember, therefore, that the
distinction between the types of contact dermatitis is often blurred, with, for
example, certain immunological mechanisms also being involved in a case of
irritantcontactdermatitis.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dermatitis-200821072520/75/Dermatitis-ppt-52-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byROMAN BAJRANG
Dermatitis ppt
Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin that causes redness, swelling and itchiness. There are many types of dermatitis including atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis. Contact dermatitis occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen and can be either irritant or allergic in nature. Symptoms vary depending on the type but may include a rash, blisters, dry cracked skin and itchiness. Treatment involves identifying and avoiding triggers, using moisturizers and topical or oral medications like corticosteroids and antihistamines.
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Dermatitis ppt
- 2. INTRODUCTION Dermatitis is aninflammation of the skin and which are commonly swollen, reddened and irritatingly itchy. Although not an alarming condition, this type of skin diseases can makeyou very uncomfortable, unease and self-conscious. Dermatitis is an itchy inflammation of the skin. It is not contagious or dangerous, but it can be uncomfortable. There are many types of dermatitis, including allergic dermatitis, eczema, and seborrheic dermatitis (which causesdandruff). A rash is an abnormal condition and reaction of the skin.
- 3. Dermatitis, also knownas is eczema,inflammation of the skin. It is characterized by itchy, erythematous, vesicular, weeping and crusting patches. The term eczema is also commonly used to describe atopic dermatitis, also known as atopic eczema. The cause of dermatitis in unclear. One possibility is a dysfunctional interplay between the immune system and skin. Dermatitis is the inflammation of the skin characterised by erythema and pain is called dermatitis. DEFINITION
- 4. DEFINITION : - ACCORDINGTO BRUNNER AND SUDDHART - Dermatitis is inflammation of the upper layers of theskin, causing itching, blisters, redness, swelling, and often oozing, scabbing, and scaling. ACCORDING TO LEWIS– Dermatitis isan inflammation of the skin and which arecommonly swollen, reddened and irritatinglyitchy. ACCORDING TO LIPPINCOTT - A medical condition in which the skin becomes red, swollen, and sore, sometimes with small blisters, resulting from direct irritationof theskin byan external agentoran allergicreaction to it.
- 5. Itaffects males andfemales and accounts for 10 to 20 percent of all visits to dermatologists (doctors who specialize in the care and treatment of skin diseases). Although atopic dermatitis may occur at any age, it most often begins in infancy and childhood. Women tends to develop thediseaseatanearlierage (20 to 40 years of age ) compared to men ( 60 to 70 years of age ), and womenareaffected more frequently. INCIDENCE
- 6. STAGES OF DERMATITIS- Acute dermatitis- Acute dermatitis is characterised by erythema, vesiculation and oozing, often with oedema.
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- 8. CHRONIC DERMATITIS - Chronicdermatitis is characterised by thickened dry patches, often lichenified from chronicrubbing (increased Skin markings). Lichenification is often predominantly follicular in pigmented skin.
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- 10. Generalized exfoliative Seborrheic Stasis Perioral AtopicNummular Localized stretch HerpitiformPompholix CLASSIFICATION Contact
- 11. 1.CONTACT DERMATITIS Contact dermatitisis skin inflammation caused by direct contact with a particular substance. The rash is very itchy, is confined to a specific area, and often has clearly defined boundaries.
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- 14. IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS: - Irritant contact dermatitis,which accounts for 80% of all cases of contact dermatitis, occurs when a chemical substance causes direct damage to the skin; symptoms are more painful than itchy. Typical irritating substances are acids, alkalis (such as drain cleaners), solvents (such as acetone in nail polish remover), strong soaps, and plants (such as poinsettias and peppers).
- 15. ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS Allergiccontact dermatitis is a reaction bythe body's system to a immune substance contacting the skin. Sometimes a person can be sensitized by Only one exposure, and other times sensitization occurs only after many exposures to a substance. After a person is sensitized, the next exposure causes itching and dermatitis within 4 to 24 hours.
- 16. ATOPIC DERMATITIS Atopic dermatitisis chronic, itchy inflammation of the upper layers of the skin that oftendevelops in peoplewho have hay fever or asthma and in people who have family members with theseconditions. Infants may develop red, oozing, crusted rashes on the face, scalp, diaper area, hands, arms, feet, or legs. Infants may developred, oozing, crusted rashes on the face, scalp, diaper area, hands, arms, feet, orlegs. Treatment The scalp can be treated with a shampoo containing pyrithione zinc, selenium sulfide , an Antifungal drug, salicylicacid and sulfur, ortar.
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- 18. NUMMULAR DERMATITIS Nummular dermatitisis a persistent, usually itchy, rash and inflammation characterized by coin- shaped spots, often with tiny blisters, scabs, and scales. Most people benefit from skin moisturizers. Other treatments include antibiotics taken by mouth, corticosteroid creams and injections, and phototherapy. Most people benefit from skin moisturizers. Other treatments Include antibiotics taken bymouth, corticosteroid creams and injections, and phototherapy.
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- 20. 2.SEBORRHOEIC DERMATITIS Seborrhoeic dermatitis(also known as "seborrheiceczema") is an inflammatoryskin disorder affecting the scalp, face, and trunk. seborrheic dermatitis presents withscaly, flaky, itchy, red skin. The condition's symptoms appeargraduallyand usually the first signs of seborrheic dermatitis arethe flakes of skin called dandruff. TREATMENT : Dermatologist recommend topical treatments suchas shampoos, cleansers or creams/lotionsthat contain antifungal , antiinf lammatory, sebosuppresive or keratolytic ingredients.
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- 22. STASIS DERMATITIS Stasis dermatitisis inflammation on the lower legs from pooling of blood and fluid. have varicose (dilated, twisted) veins and swelling (edema). It usually occurs on the ankles but may spread upward to the knees. have varicose (dilated, twisted) veins and swelling (edema). It usually occurs on the ankles but may spread upward to the knees. Treatment : Long-term treatment is aimed at keepingblood from pooling in the veins around the ankles. When sitting, the person should elevatethe legs above the level of the heart. Antibiotics are used onlywhen the skin is already infected
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- 24. PERIORAL DERMATITIS Perioral dermatitisis a red,bumpy rash around the mouth and on the chin that resembles acne or rosacea Perioral dermatitis is distinguished from acne by the lack of blackheads and whiteheads Treatment is with tetracyclines or other antibiotics taken by mouth.
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- 26. 3. GENERALIZED EXFOLIATIVEDERMATITIS Generalized exfoliative dermatitis (erythroderma) issevere inflammation that causes the entire skin surface to become red, cracked, and covered with scales. Treatment – People with severe exfoliative dermatitis often need to be hospitalized and given antibiotics (for infection), intravenous fluids (to replace the fluids lost through theskin), and nutritional supplements. Corticosteroids (such as prednisone) given by mouthor intravenously.
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- 28. POMPHOLYX Pompholyx/ dyshidrosis, isa chronic dermatitis characterized by itchy blisters on the palms and sides of the fingers and sometimes on the soles of the feet. The blisters are often scaly,red, and oozing.. Wetcompresses with potassium permanganate or aluminum acetate (Burow's solution) may help the blisters resolve. Strong topical corticosteroid
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- 30. Dermatitis herpitiform : Dermatitisherpitiform is a particular typeof dermatitis thatappearsas a result of a gastrointestinal condition, known as celiac disease.
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- 32. 4. LOCALIZED SCRATCHDERMATITIS Localized scratch dermatitis (lichen simplex chronicus, neurodermatitis) is chronic, itchy inflammation of the top layer of theskin. Localized scratch dermatitis can occur anywhere on the body, including the anus (pruritus ani ) and the vagina (pruritus vulvae ), but is most common on the head, arms, and legs. In the early stages, theskin looks normal, but it itches. Laterdryness scaling, and dark patches develop as a result of the scratching andrubbing. Applying surgical tape saturated witha corticosteroid (applied in the morning and replaced in the evening) helps relieve itching and inflammation and protects the skin fromscratching.
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- 35. There is avasoconstriction of superficial blood vessels and the skin blanches readily Cold and low humilidity are poorly tolerated because of drifting effects Heat and high humidity are poorly tolerated because vasodilatation increases the inflammatory reaction thus aggravating the dermatitis and causing increased the itching and discomfort Lesion become localized to the flexor surface of the neck , to the eyelids , behind the ears , in the anticubital and poplital areas and at the wrist The erythema is now dusty in colour and excoriations may become secondary secondiarily infected PATHOPHYISIOLOGY :
- 36. by the latetwenties or early thirties the lesions usually disappear , but they may recur at a late date as chronic hand or foot eczema Person with atopic dermatitis is highly suseptable to viral infections, especially herpes, and to bacterial infections, such as those caused by staphyloccus or hemolytic streptococcus There is also an increased incidence of fungal infection such as tinae. By the late twenties or early thristies the lesions usually dissapper ,
- 38. various exogenous andendogeneous agent(dyes perfumes) initiate inflammatory response of the skin skin eruption present that are specific to causative agent erythema, vesicles, scales and pruritis occur PATHOPHYISIOLOGY : Cause stretching In response to irritation and edema serous discharge and crusti Long term irritation also causes thickened lethargy and darker skin
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- 40. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION : Redrash. This is the usual reaction. The rash appears immediately in irritant contact dermatitis; in allergic contact dermatitis, the rash sometimes does not appear until 24–72 hours after exposure to the allergen. Blisters or wheals. Blisters, wheals (welts), and urticaria (hives) often form in a pattern where skin was directly exposed to the allergen or irritant. Itchy, burning skin. Irritant contact dermatitis tends to be more painful than itchy, while allergic contact dermatitis oftenitches.
- 41. ALLERGIC CONTECT DEREMATITIS Erythemaswelling and pruritic vesicles in area of allergen CONTECT DERMATITIS Acute Phase- pt have erythema itching burning exposed to agent. Sabacute phase- crusting, drying, fissuring, burning, exposed to agent Chronic phase- after repeted reaction pt. Scratch the skin CLINICAL MANIFESTATION :
- 42. Symptoms of dermatitis Thesymptoms of dermatitis range from mild to severeand will look different depending on what part of the body is affected. Not all peoplewith dermatitis experience allsymptoms. In general, the symptoms of dermatitis mayinclude: rashes blisters dry, cracked skin itchy skin painful skin, with stinging orburning redness swelling
- 44. MANAGEMENT : MEDICAL MANAGEMENT •BathingReduce how often you bath or shower, using lukewarm water. Showers are better. Replace standard soap with a substitute such as a mild detergent soap-free cleanser : your chemist or dermatologist can advise you. • Clothing Wear soft smooth cool clothes; wool is best avoided. •Irritants Protect your skin from dust, water, solvents, detergents, injury. Avoid exposure to environmental or food allergens. Common foods that cause allergic reactions are dairy, soy, citrus, peanuts, wheat (sometimes all gluten containing grains), fish, eggs, corn, and tomatoes. •Emollients Apply an emollient liberally and often, particularly after bathing, and when itchy. Ask your doctor or dermatologist to recommend some to try; avoid perfumed products when possible.
- 45. •Topical steroids Applya topical steroid cream or ointment to the itchy patches fora 5 to 15 day course. •Pimecrolimus cream Pimecrolimus is a new anti- inflammatory cream shown to be very effective for atopic dermatitis, with fewer side effects than topical steroids. •Antibiotics Your doctor will recommend antibiotics such as flucloxacillin or erythromycin if infection is complicating or causing the dermatitis. The infection is most often with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes . •Antihistamines Antihistamine tablets may help reduce the irritation, and are particularly useful at night. • Other treatments Systemic steroids , azathioprine , phototherapy , and other complicated treatments may also be used for severecases.
- 46. MEDICAL CARE Corticosteroids-A corticosteroidmedication similar to hydrocortisone may be prescribed to combat inflammation in a localized area. This medication may be applied to your skin as a cream or ointment. If the reaction covers a relatively large portion of the skin or is severe, a corticosteroid in pill or injection form may be prescribed. Antihistamines-Prescription antihistamines may be given if nonprescription strengths are inadequate .
- 47. Cleansing Properly Use TheRightProducts Protecting The Skin Environment Watch YourDiet DrinkWater Prescriptiondrugs Reducing provoking factors NURSING MANAGEMENT :
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- 49. PREVENTION : Dermatitis relieson an irritant or an allergen to initiate the reaction, it is important for the patient to identify the responsible agent and avoid it. In an industrial setting the employer has a duty of care to the individual worker to provide the correct level of safety equipment to mitigate the exposure to harmful irritants. This can take the form of protective clothing, gloves or barrier cream depending on the working environment.
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- 52. CONCLUSIONS– Atopic dermatitis canbe treated by following a few basic rules regarding skin hydration, use of a moisturizer, and topical steroid applications to reduce inflammation. The distinction between the various types of contact dermatitis is based on a number of factors. these findings have been acknowledged not to distinguish [9], and even positive patch testing does not rule out the existence of an irritant form of dermatitis as well as an immunological one. It is important to remember, therefore, that the distinction between the types of contact dermatitis is often blurred, with, for example, certain immunological mechanisms also being involved in a case of irritantcontactdermatitis.