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Create a custom antenna using geometric shapes
% Use arbitrary geometric structures
plate = antenna.Rectangle('Length',0.18,'Width',0.18);
notch1 = antenna.Circle('Center',[0,0],'Radius',.06);
notch2 = antenna.Rectangle('Length',0.15,'Width',.01);
b = plate-notch1-notch2;
show(b);
▪ Define the boundaries of the metal layers
– Rectangle, Circle, Polygon
▪ Use Boolean operations on boundaries
– Subtract , Add, Intersect
▪ Define the feeding point (inset or probe)
▪ Integrate your custom antenna
– Add backing structure
– Add dielectric
Catalog
antenna
Custom
antenna
pcbStack
Define layers,
feeds, vias
Analyze
Generate
Gerber files
Fabricate](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/designing-and-integrating-antenna-arrays-with-multi-function-radar-systems-240724080759-68fc52df/75/designing-and-integrating-antenna-arrays-with-multi-function-radar-systems-pdf-12-2048.jpg)
![High_Frequency_Structure_Simulator_HFSS[1].pdf](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/highfrequencystructuresimulatorhfss1-250707201635-2208bc58-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
designing-and-integrating-antenna-arrays-with-multi-function-radar-systems.pdf
- 1. 1 © 2015 TheMathWorks, Inc. Designing and Integrating Antenna Arrays with Multi-Function Radar Systems Shashank Kulkarni, Ph.D. Developer Antenna Toolbox Swathi Balki, Pilot Engineering.
- 2. 2 Agenda ▪ Design challengesof multi function radar systems ▪ Simulation frame work ▪ Antenna and Antenna array design ▪ Integrating Antenna and RF chain for improved fidelity of the system ▪ Multi Function Radar Design
- 3. 3 Challenges with RadarSystem Design ▪ Technical – Waveform modelling – Antenna modelling – Channel modelling – Development of sophisticated algorithms – Complexity involved in multi function radar scenarios ▪ Project Management – Radar Design requires multi domain expertise and collaboration – Lack of reuse between requirements, development and implementation – Lack of reuse between customer/developer and across projects
- 4. 4 Radar and EWSimulation Framework Overview Waveform Generator λ Transmitter Pt Transmit Array Gt Signal Processing Receiver Gr Receive Array Gr Environment, Targets, & Interference (L, 𝝈, 𝑹𝒓 , 𝑹𝒕) Radar Scheduler and Tracker ▪ Extensible modeling tools for radar design ▪ Multi-domain system modeling for radar systems ▪ Path to higher fidelity and customization
- 5. 5 Environment, Targets, and Interference Waveform Generator Transmitter Transmit Array Signal Processing Receiver Receive Array Waveforms: Pulse, LFM,FMCW, etc. Beamforming, Matched Filtering, Detection, CFAR, STAP, etc. Transmitter: Monostatic and Bistatic Receiver: Monostatic and Bistatic Tx Antenna Arrays: ULA, URA, UCA, etc. Rx Antenna Arrays: ULA, URA, UCA, etc. Channel: Environmental effects, target models, impairments, interferences ✓ Functions for calculations and analysis ✓ Apps for common workflows ✓ Parameterized components for system modeling Phased Array System Toolbox for Radar System design
- 6. 6 Radar Modelling Challenges/More Fidel Systems
- 7. 7 Agenda ✓ Design challengesof multi function radar systems ✓ Simulation frame work ▪ Antenna and Antenna array design ▪ Integrating Antenna and RF chain for improved fidelity of the system ▪ Multi Function Radar Capabilities
- 8. 8 Easier Antenna Designwith Antenna Toolbox ▪ Design is easy and natural – Library of parameterized antenna elements – Functionality for the design of antenna arrays – CAD description streamlined ▪ Rapid simulation setup – Full Methods of Moments solver employed for ports, fields and surface analysis – No need to be an EM expert ▪ Seamless integration – Model the antenna together with signal processing algorithms – Rapid iteration of different antenna scenarios for radar and communication systems design – Antenna fabrication with Gerber file generation
- 9. 9 ▪ Dipole antennas –Dipole, Vee, Folded, Meander, Blade, Cycloid, Triangular & Rounded bowtie ▪ Monopole antennas – Monopole, Top hat, Inverted-F, inverted-L, Coplanar F, Coplanar L, Helix ▪ Patch antennas – Rectangular, circular, triangular, E-shaped, Inset-fed, PIFA, lpda ▪ Spirals and loops – Equiangular, Archimedean spiral – Circular, Rectangular loop ▪ Backing structures – circular, rectangular & corner Reflector – circular & rectangular Cavity ▪ Aperture – Horn, waveguides ▪ Other common antennas – Yagi-Uda, Vivaldi, Biquad, Slot, Birdcage, Cloverleaf Antenna Catalog: Readily Available Geometries
- 10. 10 Printed Antenna Design– NEW WORKFLOW! Choose your antenna with Antenna Designer app Design your antenna using geometric shapes pcbStack object Define layers, feedpoints, vias Analyze your antenna Generate Gerber files Fabricate your antenna From idea to implementation without leaving MATLAB
- 11. 11 Antenna Designer App ▪Pick an antenna using high level specifications ▪ Add dielectric ▪ Design an antenna at the desired operating frequency ▪ Visualize results and iterate on antenna geometrical properties ▪ Generate MATLAB scripts for automation Catalog antenna Custom antenna pcbStack Define layers, feeds, vias Analyze Generate Gerber files Fabricate
- 12. 12 Create a customantenna using geometric shapes % Use arbitrary geometric structures plate = antenna.Rectangle('Length',0.18,'Width',0.18); notch1 = antenna.Circle('Center',[0,0],'Radius',.06); notch2 = antenna.Rectangle('Length',0.15,'Width',.01); b = plate-notch1-notch2; show(b); ▪ Define the boundaries of the metal layers – Rectangle, Circle, Polygon ▪ Use Boolean operations on boundaries – Subtract , Add, Intersect ▪ Define the feeding point (inset or probe) ▪ Integrate your custom antenna – Add backing structure – Add dielectric Catalog antenna Custom antenna pcbStack Define layers, feeds, vias Analyze Generate Gerber files Fabricate
- 13. 13 Import your antennain pcbStack % Use an antenna catalog element P = pcbStack(catalogAntenna); % Use arbitrary geometric structures P = pcbStack; P.Layers = {ant,d1,d2,b}; Catalog antenna Custom antenna pcbStack Define layers, feeds, vias Analyze Generate Gerber files Fabricate ▪ Arbitrary number of metal and dielectric layers ▪ Rectangular board shape
- 14. 14 Define layers, feedand vias Catalog antenna Custom antenna pcbStack Define layers, feeds, vias Analyze Generate Gerber files Fabricate ▪ Feed point can be probe-fed or edge-fed ▪ Define multiple feed points ▪ Define multiple vias between metal layers
- 15. 15 Analyze the antennaCatalog antenna Custom antenna pcbStack Define layers, feeds, vias Analyze Generate Gerber files Fabricate
- 16. 16 Gerber file generation ▪Choose the manufacturing service – Gerber file viewer ▪ Choose the connector type – Define your own, if not in the library – Position on the board if edge-fed ▪ Generate Gerber files – ASCII files for geometric properties – BOM for antenna manufacturing Catalog antenna Custom antenna pcbStack object Define layers, feeds, vias Analyze Generate Gerber files Fabricate
- 17. 17 Fabricate the antennaCatalog antenna Custom antenna pcbStack object Define layers, feeds, vias Analyze Generate Gerber files Fabricate
- 18. 18 Full-Wave Antenna Analysisfrom a Photo Photo Import Segmentation Extract Boundary Clean up Geometry Define Feed Analyze Image Processing Toolbox Antenna Toolbox
- 19. 19 Increasing the Efficiencyof the Antenna Design Workflow ▪ Use global and local optimization routines for antenna design ▪ Use parallel computing to speed up design space exploration Poor directivity Optimized pattern
- 20. 20 Coverage and FieldStrength Visualization on Map ▪ Compute antenna pattern and visualize field strength projected on flat earth map ▪ Visualize antenna coverage on flat earth map and communication links – Define transmitter and receiver – Antenna design, frequency, power, and sensitivity – Effect of rain, wind, snow
- 21. 21 Antenna Array Design ▪Regular arrays – Linear, Rectangular, Circular array – Change individual elements properties (rotation, size, tapering) ▪ Conformal arrays (arbitrary position of the elements) ▪ Heterogeneous arrays (different element types) ▪ Arbitrary shape planar arrays – Define arbitrary geometry
- 22. 22 What if myArray is Really Large? ▪ Infinite Array Analysis – Repeat unit cell infinitely – Impedance and pattern become function of frequency and scan angle – Ignore edge effects – Captures mutual coupling ▪ Validate with full wave simulation on smaller arrays Scan Impedance @10GHz 0deg Azimuth 45deg Azimuth 90deg Azimuth Scan Impedance 0deg Azimuth 45deg Elevation Power Pattern
- 23. 23 Combine Antenna Designand Phased Array Algorithms ▪ You can integrate your antenna in Phased Array System Toolbox (PST) array objects – Use the accurate far field (complex) radiation pattern of the antenna ▪ PST provides algorithms and tools to design, simulate, and analyze phased array signal processing systems – Beamforming, Estimation of Direction of Arrival ▪ Uses pattern superposition to compute the array pattern % Import antenna element in PST myantenna = dipole; myURA = phased.URA; myURA.Element = myantenna;
- 24. 24 Integrating Antenna RadiationPattern & RF Components
- 25. 25 Integrating Antenna RadiationPattern & RF Components
- 26. 26 PROTOTYPE DESIGN IMPLEMENT FPGA ASIC Processor SDR Platform CCode HDL Baseband Digital Front End DAC PA LNA ADC Baseband Digital Front End Digital PHY RECEIVER TRANSMITTER Antenna RF Front End HDL and C code generation Software-Defined Radio RF Test Instruments System Architecture DSP/ Algorithms Software Digital Hardware Instrument Control Toolbox SDR Support Packages Communications System Toolbox Fixed-Point Designer HDL Coder Embedded Coder LTE HDL Toolbox Multi-vendor hardware support MATLAB & Simulink: Unified Design Platform for algorithm developers, system architects, HW and SW developers
- 27. 27 Radar System: Antennato Algorithms Signal Processing LNA PA Antenna, Antenna arrays type of element, # elements, configuration • Antenna Toolbox • Phased Array System Toolbox Channel - interference, clutter, noise • Communications System Toolbox • Phased Array System Toolbox RF Impairments frequency dependency, non-linearity, noise, mismatches • RF Blockset • RF Toolbox Waveforms & Resource Scheduling • Phased Array System Toolbox • Signal Processing Toolbox • SimEvents • Instrument Control Toolbox Algorithms beamforming, beamsteering, MIMO • Phased Array System Toolbox • Communications System Toolbox • DSP System Toolbox • Simulink • DSP System Toolbox • Control System Toolbox Mixed-Signal Continuous & discrete time DAC TX RX ADC
- 28. 28 Agenda ✓ Design challengesof multi function radar systems ✓ Simulation frame work ✓ Antenna and Antenna array design ✓ Integrating Antenna and RF chain for improved fidelity of the system ▪ Multi Function Radar Capabilities
- 29.
- 30. 30 Modeling and SimulatingRadar and EW Functions
- 31. 31 Radar Signal CharacterizationExample https://www.mathworks.com/help/phased/examples/signal-parameter-estimations-in-a-radar-warning-receiver.html
- 32. 32 Machine Learning forRadar Examples Synthesize returns (radar cross section) Synthesize micro-Doppler (Time-frequency) Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox Signals Features Time-frequency Etc. Classification
- 33. 33 Reutech Radar SystemsDevelops Naval Air and Sea Surveillance Radar with Model-Based Design Challenge Develop the core signal processing subsystem for a naval air and sea surveillance radar system Solution Use Model-Based Design with MATLAB and Simulink to develop algorithms, model key components, perform system-level simulations, and generate HDL code Results ▪ Development time cut by two engineer years ▪ Signal processing designs reused ▪ Reliable firmware delivered “Completing this project on time without Model-Based Design would have been very difficult. The ability to generate code with HDL Coder and to separate signal processing algorithm design from detailed hardware implementation helped us reduce effort on the project by two engineer-years.” - Kevin Williams, Reutech Radar Systems Link to user story The RSR 210N multipurpose 2D radar system.
- 34. 34 Phased Array SystemToolbox Fundamentals This one-day course provides a comprehensive introduction to the Phased Array System Toolbox™. Themes including radar characterization and analysis, radar design and modeling and radar signal processing are explored throughout the course. Topics include: ▪ Review of a Monostatic End-to-End Radar Model ▪ Characterize and analyze radar components and systems ▪ Design and model components of a radar system ▪ Implement a range of radar signal processing algorithms
- 35. 35 Modeling RF Systems ▪Introduction to RF simulation using MathWorks tools ▪ How do I model my RF system with RF Blockset? ▪ Importing S-Parameters and modeling linear operation ▪ Fundamentals of noise simulation ▪ Modeling non-linear devices ▪ Developing custom models
- 36.
- 37. 37 Summary ▪ Building Multifunction radar systems is easier with MathWorks tools – Phased Array System Toolbox – Antenna Toolbox – RF Blockset ▪ Target Hardware support ▪ Many examples to get started with
- 38. 38 AD Radar Range vs.Time Angle vs. Time Demonstration at Demo booth • Real Time Range Doppler Mapping with Radar Hardware. • Simulink Model to Demonstrate Fidelity with RF components • Antenna Pattern Generation
- 39. 39 Contact MathWorks India Products/TrainingEnquiry Booth Call: 080-6632-6000 Email: [email protected] Your feedback is valued. Please complete the feedback form provided to you. Speaker Details Email: [email protected] [email protected]