Development (Economics) Class 10

Development (Economics) Class 10

• 2.
  Development o Development isthe process by which we can work towards achieving our goals. Some principles of Development are:- o Different persons can have different developmental goals. o May be something is development for one but not for other . It may even be destructive for other.
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  Factors of Development Income Health Education
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  Income and othergoals o People look at a mix of goals for Development. o Income is the most important component of the development. o But the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life. o The developmental goals may be about equal treatment ,respect , freedom , job security, good health , better environment , facilities for family , etc.
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  National Development o Differentperson could have different as well as conflicting notions of a country’s development. o The all around development of a nation is known as National Development. o World Development Report 2006,”In 2004 countries with per capita income of Rs.4,53,000 per annum are called developed countries . Those with per capita income Rs.37,000 or less are called low income countries”. o Human Development Report 2006 published by UNDP, ”Development is based on per capita income, educational levels of the people and their health status.
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  How to compareDifferent Countries? Income is considered to be one of the most important attributes for measuring countries. Method of measuring National Development:-  National Development- It refers to the market values of all good and services which produce in financial year within the country.  Average Income- It is the ratio of total national income of a country with respect to total population . It is also known as per capita income. PCI(Per Capita Income):Total income/ Total population
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  Income and othercriteria HDR published by UNDP compares countries based on an Educational level of the people their health status and PCI. Human Development Indicators Infant mortality rate: It indicates the no. of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 lives. Literacy rate: It measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 year old and above age group. Net Attendance ratio: It is the total number of children of age group 6-10 years old attending school as a percentage of total no. children in the same age group. Sex ratio: It is the total no. of female per thousand of males.
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  Life expectancy: Theminimum age up to which an adult lives in the life expectancy rate. This also shows the overall quality of life in a country. As per 2011 census, the life expectancy in India for males in 67 years and for females it is 72 years. Per Capita Income: It is calculated in dollars for all countries so that it can be compared. It is also done in a way so that every dollar would buy the same amount of goods and services in any country.
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  Measuring Development  GrossNational Product (GNP):It is the measure of the total value of the officially recorded goods and services produced by the citizens and corporations of a country in a given year. It includes things produced inside and outside a country’s territory.  Gross Domestic Product (GDP):It is the measure of total value of the officially recorded goods and services produced by citizens and corporations of a country in a given year.  Gross National Income (GNI):It is the measure of the monetary worth of what is produced within a country plus income received from investments outside the country. This is the most common measurement used today.
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  Sustainable Development Sustainable Developmentis a development strategy that manages all natural resources and human resources as well as financial and physical assests for increasing long term wealth and well being. Features of Sustainable Development  Sustainable rise in the real PCI and quality of life.  Reduction in Pollution.  Rational use of natural resources.  To fulfil the requirements of future generations.
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  Thank You