Development in finishing power point

DEVELOPMENTS IN ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY FINISHES FOR COTTON FABRICS AND GARMENTS R.B.Chavan Dept. of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016

PRESENT CONCEPT POLLUTERS MUST PAY CRADLE TO GRAVE WOMB TO TOMB NOT ONLY FINAL PRODUCT BE ECO FRIENDLY RAW MATERIALS, PRODUCTION PROCESSES, PACKAGING, ECO FRENDLY EVEN AFTER DIPOSAL MEET EMS 14000 AND SAS 1800 STANDARDS ECO FRIENDLY PRODUCTS INDENTIFIED BY ECO LABLES GREEN MINDED CONSUMER PREFER ECO PRODUCTS EVEN AT HIGH COST

COTTON DOMINATES READILY AVAILABLE AFFORDABLE PRICE HYDROPHILIC COMFORTABLE IN TROPICAL CLIMATE BEING NATURAL ECO FRIENDLY

CONVENTIONAL COTTON CONVENTIONAL COTTON IS NOT ECO FRIENDLY USE OF FERTILIZERS, PESTICIDES AND VARIOUS CROPS RELATED CHEMICALS DURING COTTON CULTIVATION. PRESENCE OF THESE CHEMICALS AS RESIDUE ON COTTON BOLLS WASHED AWAY DURING PREPARATORY PROCESSES WATER POLLUTION

COTTON CULTIVATED WITHOUT USING FERTILIZERS PESTICIDES AND OTHER CHEMICALS (ORGANIC FARMING) RESIDUE OF THESE CHEMICALS REMOVED DURING FIRST TWO SEASONS OF CULTIVATION COTTON FROM THIRD SEASON ONWARDS IS ECO FRIENDLY COTTON INDENTIFIED BY LOGOS ORGANIC COTTON GREEN COTTON NATURAL COTTON ECO FRIENDLY COTTON

NATURALLY COLOURED COTTON CULTIVATION SINCE ANCIENT TIME PISTA GREEN, BROWN ARE POPULAR COLOURS NOT POPULAR ON COMMERCIAL SCALE LOW STAPLE LENGTH INFERIOR STRENGTH POOR SPINABILITY REVIVAL OF NATURALLY COLOUR COTTON CULTIVATION NOT TO BE DYED ELIMINATE POLLUTION CAUSED DURING DYEING

ECO FRIENDLY FUNCTIONAL FINISHES FINISHING TEATMENTS HELP TO MAKE CONSUMER SALEABLE PRODUCT VALUE ADDITION IMPART DESIR A BLE PROPERTIES

IMPORTANT FINISHES FOR COTTON EASY CARE/DURABLE PRESS/WRINKLE FREE FINISHING SOFTENING ENZYME/BIO FINISHING WATER PROOF BREATHABLE FINISHING SOIL RELEASE AND STAIN RELEASE FINISHES ANTI MICROBIAL FINISHES UV PROTECTION EMERGING FINISHES

EASY CARE/WRINKLE FREE FINISHING CREASING/WRINKLE FORMATION DURING USE AND ON WASHING OF COTTON GARMENTS AFTER WASH MAINTENANCE EXPENSIVE TREATMENT WITH CROSS LINKING AGENT TRADITIONALLY KNOWN AS RESIN FINSHING IMPART CREASE RESISTANT PROPERTY LOSS IN STRENGTH

FABRIC FINISHING PRE CURE POST CURE GARMENT FINSIHING DIP OR TUMBLE PROCESSES PROCESS ROUTE

PRE CURE PROCESS PAD  DRY  CURE · MOST POPULAR PROCESS FOR FABRIC FINISHING · UNIFORM DISTRUBUTION OF CHEMICALS · BETTER PROCESS CONTROL · CARRIED OUT AT MILL LEVEL

POST CURE PROCESS PAD  DRY AT MILL LEVEL SENSITIZED FABRIC TRANSPORT TO GARMENT UNIT GARMENT MAKING PRESSING TO SET CREASES AT DESIRED PLACES CURE

STEPS PAD (60-70% PICK UP) DRY AT 70 o C, 8-10% MOISTURE CONTENT SANFORIZE (NO MOISTURE SPRAY) GARMENT MAKING GARMENT PRESSING GARMENT CURING 150-160 o C

PRECAUTIONS PRE FINISHING STAGE GOOD ABSORBANCY (<3sec) FREE FROM SIZE HIGH TENSILE AND TEAR STRENGTH SUFFICIENT TO REMAIN ACCEPTABLE EVEN AFTER 50% LOSS ON FINISHING USE MERCERIZED COTTON ADEQUATE DYE FASTNESS FREE FROM SOFTENER BEFORE FINISHING

PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID PRE MATURED CROSS LINKING CAREFUL STORAGE OF SENSITIZED FABRIC, SHIPMENT BY AIR MANY STORE UNDER REFRIGERATION SHOULD NOT BE STORED MORE THAN 3 MONTHS

FINISHING IN GARMENT FORM MERITS PERMANENT CREASE SETING AT DESIRED PLACES NO RISK OF PRE MATURED CROSS LINKING GARMENT SEAM PUCKERING MINIMIZED

POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED CAREFUL SELECTION OF SEWING THREAD, BUTTON, ZIPS STABLE TO BATH CHEMICALS, HEAT FINISHING IN GARMENT FORM OFFERS ONLY ONE CHANCE ANY THING WRONG CAN NOT BE RECTIFIED RESIN STRIPPING AND REPROCESSING CAUSES MORE DAMAGE

GARMENT FINISHING METHODS DIP PROCESS TUMBLE PROCESS

DIP PROCESS DIP GARMENT IN FINISH BATH (INSIDE OUT, M:L :: 1:5) WASHING MACHINE MAY BE USED ROTATE FOR 20 min. HYDROEXTRACT (70-80% PICK UP) TUMBLE DRY AT 70 o c, MOISTURE CONTENT 10-12% TURN THE GARMENT RIGHT SIDE OUT IRO/STEAM PRESS TO SET CREASES AT DESIRED PLACES CURE AT 150 o c – 160 o c for 8-10 min EXTRACTED SOLUTION MAY BE REUSED

TUMBLE METHOD PLACE GARMENTS (INSIDE OUT) IN WASHING MACHINE DRUM SATURATE WITH FINISH BATH BY SPRAY APPLICATION ROTATE DRUM FOR 20 min TAKE CARE TO AVOID EXCESSIVE DRIPPING OF CHEMICALS FROM GARMENT IF DRY SPOT, RESATURATE, TUMBLE FOR ADDITIONAL TIME HYDROEXTRACT OTHER STEPS SAME AS EARLIER PROCESS

IMPORTANT FEATURES M:L:: 1:0.85 –1:1 TUMBLE ROTATION SPEED 28-30 rpm TUMBLE DRYING TEMP. SHOULD NOT EXCEED 70 o c MOISTURE RETENTION AFTER DRYING 10-12%, IF LESS RESATURATE AND DRY LOAD SIZE 50 Kg.

CHEMICALS USED CROSS LINKING AGENT LOW FORMALDEHYDE DMDHEU EXTRNAL OR BUILT IN CATALYST SYSTEM AND BUFFER CATALYST MOST COMMON MgCl 2 , CITRIC ACID WETTING AGENT HIGH DENSITY PE EMULSION IMPART HAND IMPROVE TEAR STRENGTH, ABRASION RESISTANCE AMINO OR REACTIVE SILICONE IMPART SOFT HAND IMPROVE WRINKLE RECOVERY SILICONE ELASTOMER IMPART SPRINGINESS IMPROVE STRENGTH ACRYLATES IMPROVE SOIL RELEASE

TYPICAL APPLICATION RECIPE CROSS LINKING AGENT 40-120 g/l MgCl 2 10-25 g/l CITRIC ACID 0.3 g/l SOFTENER (COMBINATION) 40 g/l WETTING AGENT 1 g/l pH 4-4.5

FINISHING STAGE AFTER DRYING RESIDUAL MOISTURE CONTENT SHOULD NOT BE < 10%. LOW MOISTURE GIVES HIGH DRY CRA, LOSS IN STRENGTH GOOD WET CRA WHEN MOISTURE AFTER DRYING IS HIGH SULPHUR DYED GARMENT SHOULD BE AVOIDED, LIBERATE ACID, PREMATURE RESIN CURING, LOSS IN STRENGTH 1-2% UREA ADDITION IN FINISH BATH CONTROLS FORMALDEHYDE RELEASE UREA REDUCES EFFICIENCY OF FINISH BATH, TAKE 10% EXTRA RESIN

STONE WASH AND OTHER FINISHES ARE GIVEN BEFORE WRINKLE FREE FINISH USE LOWER (I50 o c) FOR WHITE GARMENTS TO AVOID YELLOWING POCKETS,BELT,LOOPS,LABLES, SEWINGTHREAD,BUTTONS,ZIPPERS SHOULD BE RESISTANT TO FINISH BATH CHEMICALS AND CURING HEAT GARMENT STAGE

QUALITY CONTROL PHYSICAL TESTS DRY AND WET CRA SMOOTH APPEARANCE RATING %RESIN ADD-ON TENSILE STRENGTH ABRASION RESISTANCE DIMENSIONAL STBILITY

CHEMICAL TEST Cuen TEST (1N CUPRIETHYLENE DIAMINE HYDROXIDE) PULL FIBRES FROM YARN OF THE FINISHED GARMENT (FROM THE BACKSIDE) · PUT ON MICROSCOPIC SLIDE · PUT 1-2 DROPS OF Cuen SOLUTION PUT COVER SLIDE · OBSERVE AFTER 15 min UNDER MICROSCOPE · RATING 3-4 IS ACEPTABLE · RATING < 3 FAILS, LOW CROSSLINKS RATING > 4 FAILS, HEAVY STRENGTH LOSS

SWELLING RATING MEANING NONE 5 FULLYCROSS LINKED SLIGHT OR NONE 4 GOOD CROSS LINKED MODERATE 3 MODERATE CROSS LINKED MODERATE TO 2 PRTIALLY CROSS LINKED HEAVY HEAVY, RAPID 1 LOW CROSS LINKED RAPID AND 0 NO CROSS LINKED DISSOLVES

ECO FRIENDLY CROSS LINKING AGENTS MOST POPULAR CROSS LINKING AGENTS LOW FORMALDEHYDE (DMDHEU) OR ETHERIFIED (DMeDHEU) EFFICIENT AND COST EFFECTIVE RELEASE OF FORMALDEHYDE DURING DRYING AND CURING, GARMENT STORAGE AND USE WORLD WIDE CONCERN BECAUSE OF IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH ENVIRONMENT KNOWN TO BE CARCINOGENIC AND DERMATITIS EFFECTS ACCEPTABLE FORMALDEHYDE LEVEL 20 ppm

CONTROL OF FORMALDEHYDE RELEASE FROM DMDHEU WASH AFTER FINISH ADDITION OF FORMALDEHYDE ACCEPTOR/SCAVENGER LIKE UREA MODIFICATION OF DMDHEU TO PRODUCE ZERO FORMALDEHYDE ETHERIFIED PRODUCT ETHERIFIED DMDHEU IS MORE EXPENSIVE AND LESS EFFECTIVE

POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS (PCAs) WELCH IN 1998 REPORTED THE USE OF BTCA FOR CROSS LINKING OF COTTON CATALYST SODIUM HYPOPHOSPHITE GOOD CRA GOOD STRENGTH RETENTION DURABLE TO WASHING EXCEEDINGLY HIGH COST PREVENTED COMMERCIALIZATION

CITRIC ACID LOW PRICED TRICABOXYLIC ACID LESS EFFECTIVE, LESS DURABLE COMPARED TO BTCA YELLOWING ON CURING

MECHANISM OF PCA CROSS LINKING DMDHEU FORMS ETHER BONDS WITH COTTON PCA FORMS ESTER BONDS ESTERIFICATION IN TWO STEPS STEP 1 DEHYDRATION OF TWO ADJACENT COOH GROUPS FORMATION OF ANHYDRIDE UNDER CURING CONDITIONS STEP 2 ESTERIFICATION WITH CELLULOSE REACTION ACCELERATED IN PRESENCE OF ALKALI METAL SALTS OF PHOSPHORUS SODIUM HYPOPHOSPHITE MONO HYDRIDE (NaH 2 PO 2 .H 2 O) MOST SATISFACORY CATALYST ACCELERATE THE RATE OF ANHYDRIDE FORMATION AND CROSS LINKING

OTHER CARBOXYLIC ACIDS PCA OTHER THAN BTCA SUITABLE GIVE CRA IN THE RANGE OF 285 DP RATING 4.3 - 4.7 VARIATION IN DURABILITY TO ALKALINE WASHING ORDER OF DURABILITY - BTCA>CA>MALEIC ACID>SUCCINIC ACID

DEMERITS OF PCA FINISH PHOSPHATE CATALYSTS NON ECO FRIENDLY MOST EFFECTIVE IS SODIUM HYPO PHOSPHITE EXPENSIVE REDUCING AGENT AFFECT SULPHUR AND REACTIVE DYES CONSUME LARGE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN FROM WATER INFLUENCE AQUATIC LIFE RECENT ATTEMPTS TO USE TRI SODIUM CITRATE OR COMBINATION OF SODIUM OXALATE AND SODIUM FORMATE SAFE TO SULPHUR AND REACTIVE DYES SAFE TO AQUATIC LIFE

COST OF BTCA HIGH COST OF BTCA WAYS TO REDUCE COST SOPHISTICATED MANUFACTURE PROCESS USE BTCA PASTE FORM WITHOUT PURIFICATION FINISHING COST MAY BE REDUCED BY MIXING OTHER PCAs TEA MAY BE USED TO REDUCE FINISHING COST AND IMPROVE FABRIC STRENGTH

YELLOWING EFFECT OF CA UNDER CURING CONDITIONS PRODUCTS FORMED ARE TRANS ACONITIC ACID, ITACONIC ACID, CITRACONIC ACID YELLOW IN COLOUR

MINIMIZATION OF YELLOWING INCORPORATE TEA, N,N BIS HYDROXYETHYL GLYCINE, BORIC ACID OR PEG TEA IS MOST EFFECTIVE TO SUPPRESS YELLOWING OH IN TEA REACT WITH OH IN CA PREVENT CA TO DECOMPOSE TO UNSATURATED ACIDS UNDER CURING FORMATION OF ACIDS RESPONSIBLE FOR YELLOWING PREVENTED

POOR WASH FASTNESS OF FINISH PRESENCE OF OH IN CA REDUCES THE STABILITY OF ESTER BOND WITH CELLULOSE DURING ALKALINE WASH WAY OUT MODIFY OH IN CA INCORPORATE POLY MALEIC ACID (PMA) IN FINISH BATH -COOH OF PMA REACTS WITH OH OF CA BLOCKS OH GROUP IN CA ENHANCE WASH FASTNESS OF FINISH

SUMMARY OF PCA FINISH HIGH COST NON ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY CATALYST YELLOWING THESE PROBLEMS ARE UNDER INVESTIGATION SOME HAVE BEEN SATISFACTORILY SOLVED IN NEAR FUTURE PCA WOULD REPLACE CONVENTIONAL DMDHEU BASED CROSS LINKING AGENTS RECENT APPROACH IS TO USE COMBINATION OF HOMOPOLYMER OF PMA AND TER POLYMER OF MALEIC ACID, ACRYLIC ACID AND VINYL ALCOHOL FINISH EQUIVALENT TO DMDHEU

SOFTENERS SILICONE SOFTENERS CLASSIFICATION NON REACTIVE REACTIVE ORGANO FUNCTIONAL NON REACTIVE BASED ON POLY DIMETHYL SILOXANES (PDMS) SOFTENING EFFECT NOT DURABLE DUE TO ABSENCE OF REACTIVE GROUPS

SILICONE SOFTENERS REACTIVE SILICONES PDMS POLYMER MODIFIED WITH SILANE H OR SILANOL FUNCTIONAL GROUP BETTER DURABILITY ORGANO FUNCTIONAL SILLICONES ORGANO FUNCTIONAL REACTIVE GROUPS INTRODUCED IN PDMS (AMINE, EPOXIDE, CARBOXY etc) IMPROVE ORIENTATION AND SUBSTANTIVITY ON FIBRE VERY SOFT FINISH (SUPER SOFT)

ECO FRIENDLINESS PDMS PRESENT IN EFFLUENT IN THE FORM OF TINY DISPERSED DROPLETS ATTACH TO SUSPENDED SOLIDS BEING WATER INSOLUBLE AND NON VOLATILE BECOME MINOR PART OF SLUDGE IF SLUDGE IS INCINERATED, SILICONE GETS CONVERTED TO SILICA, WATER AND CO 2 AS LAND FILL, INTRODUCE PDMS IN SOIL NATURALLY GETS DEGRADED THOUGH PDMS ARE HIGHLY RESISTANT TO BIO DEGRADATION SOIL CONTACT BREAK DOWN TO LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT PRODUCTS DECOPOSITION PRODUCTS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO BIOLOGICAL DECOMPOSITION EVENTUALLY TO NATURAL SILICA.

EFFECTS PDMS IS ECOLOGYCALLY INERT NO EFFECT ON AEROBIC OR ANAEROBIC BACTERIA DOES NOT INHIBIT BIOLOGICAL PROCESS DURING WASTE WATER TREATMENT NO ADVERSE EFFET ON SEED GERMINATION OR PLANT SURVIVAL DO NOT BIO CONCENTRATE IN AQUATIC LIFE NO ADVERSE EFFECT ON AQUATIC LIFE AND ANIMAL LIFE NO SIGNIFICANT BOD NO THREAT TO INSECT POPULATION AND BIRDS

WATER RESISTANT BREATHABLE FINISH IMPERMEABLE TO WATER DROPLET ALLOW THE ESCAPE OF WATER VAPOUR POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE BECAUSE OF SIZE DIFFERENCE LIQUID WATER MOLECULAR SIZE 100 MICRONS DIAMETER WATER VAPOUR MOLECULAR SIZE 0.0004 MICRONS SIZE DIFFERENCE FACTOR 2,50,000 SUCH GARMENTS DESIGNED FOR SPORTS WEAR SKI WEAR TRACK SUITS RAIN WEAR MOUNTENEERING CLOTHING

CLASSIFICATION OF BREATHABLE FABRICS HIGH DENSITY WOVEN FABRICS LAMINATED FABRICS COATED FABRICS

HIGH DENSITY WOVEN FABRICS OBTAINED BY DENSLY WEAVING FINE SMOOTH MICRO FIBRE YARNS WIND PROOF EXCELLENT WATER VAPOUR PERMEABILITY NOT WATER RESISTANT EVEN AFTER FINISHING USED FOR HIGH FASHION SKI CLOTHING WHERE WIND PROOFING AND WATER VAPOUR PERMEABILITY ARE IMPORTANT USED AS OUTER COVER GARMENT AS WIND CHEATER

LAMINATED FABRICS ROTORY SCREEN OR SPRAY COATING OF FABRIC WITH BREATHABLE ADHESIVE LAMINATION OF MICRO POROUS BREATHABLE BARRIER FILM LIKE PTFE BREATHABLE FILMS ARE MADE THROUGH BIAXIAL STRETCHING MECHANICAL FIBRILATION CLAIM OF 9 BILLION MICRO PORES PER SQUARE INCH WITH A MAXIMUM PORE SIZE OF 0.2 MICRON SUCH PTFE MEMBRANES ARE USED IN GORETEX TWO AND THREE LAYER LAMINATES OF POLYESTER FABRIC

COATED FABRICS IMPORTANT TECHNIQUES SOLVENT EXCHANGE PHASE SEPARATION

SOLVENT EXCHANGE DISSOLVE POLYMER IN WATER MISCIBLE SOLVENT THIN COATING ON TO FABRIC DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO POROUS STRUCTURE BY PASSAGE THROUGH AQUEOUS POLYMER COAGULATION BATH EXAMPLE POLYMER: POLYURETHANE SOLVENT: DMF

PHASE SEPARATION DISSOLUTION OF COATING POLYMER IN A MIXTURE OF SOLVENT AND HIGH BOILING POINT NON SOLVENT MIXTURE COAT THE POLYMER, DRY EVAPORATION OF SOLVENT DURING DRYING NON SOLVENT STILL PRESENT PRECIPITATION OF POLYMER AS MICRO POROUS LAYER UCE COAT 2000 (UCB SPECIALITY CHEMICALS) POLY URETHANE COATING SOLVENT: LOW BOILING METHYL ETHYLE KETONE NON SOLVENT: HIGH BOILING PEG HIGHLY MICRO POROUS COATING ON DRYING REMOVAL OF PEG ON SUBSEQUENT WASHING.

BIO FINISHING APPLICATION OF CELLULASE ENZYMES FOR FINISHING OF CELLULOSIC FABRICS AND GARMENTS CONCEPT DEVELOPED IN 1980’S PRESENT MAJOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION WASH DOWN OR WORN OUT LOOK (STONE WASH) ON INDIGO DYED DENIM PROCESS KNOWN AS BIOSTONING

MECHANISM CELLULASE CONSISTS OF THREE ENZYMES WORKING TOGETHER SYNERGISTICALLY 1. ENDOGLUCONASES OR ENDO CELLULASE : HYDROLYSE CELLULOSE RANDOMNLY 2. CELLOBIOHYDROLASE OR EXO CELLULASE: ATTACK CHAIN ENDS AND PRODUCE CELLOBUOSE 3. B-(1,4)-GLUCOSIDASE: HYDROLYZE CELLOBIOSE AND SMALL CHAIN OLIGOMERS TO GLUCOSE

ENZYME TYPES 1. ACID STABLE (pH 4.5-5.5) 2. NEUTRAL (pH 6.5-7) 3. ALKALI STABLE (pH 9-10) TEMPERATURE RANGE 40-60 o C

BIO POLISHING TREATMENT WITH CELLULASE ENZYM PARTIAL SURFACE HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE WEIGHT LOSS 3-5% STRENGTH LOSS 2-7% MERCERIZATION ENHANCES THE RATE OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS MOST POPULAR FOR BIOSTONING OF INDIGO DYED GARMENTS ELIMINATES OR DEVREASES QUANTITY OF PUMICE STONES THAT CAUSE DAMAGE TO MACHINE AVOIDS OCCURRENCE OF PUMICE DUST IN ENVIRONMENT AND IN GARMENT CREATING HARSH HANDLE NEUTRAL CELLULSES ARE PREFERRED FOR BIOSTONING.

ANTI MICROBIAL FINISH CLOTHING AND TEXTILE MATERIALS ARE CARRRIERS OF ORGANISMS SUCH AS PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ODOUR GENERATING BACTERIA FUNGI GROWING CONCERN ALL OVER THE WORLD ON THE DANGERS OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION RECENT OUT BREAK OF DISEASES LIKE AIDS, HEPATITIS B HAVE INCREASED THE AWARENESS OF THESE HEALTH HAZARDS AND NEED FOR PROTECTION NECESSARY TO IMPART ANTI MICROBIAL FINISH TO FABRIC OR GARMENT

SURGICAL APPARELS A SURGICAL PATIENT IS AT GREAT RISK AS THE BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DESEASES ARE SPREAD THROUGH AIR AND BLOOD ANTI MICROBIAL FINISHED FABRIC PREVENT THE GROWTH DISEASE CAUSING MICROBES ANTI MICROBIAL TREATMENT TO SURGICAL APPARELS IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE PROTECTION OF PATIENT, DOCTOR AND NURSE

UNDER GARMENTS AND BABY CLOTHING ANTI MICROBIAL UNDER GARMENTS ARE USEFUL TO PREVENT SKIN RELATED DISEASES, URINARY TRACK INFECTION SINCE INTERNAL INTAKE OF ANTI BIOTIC FOR INFANT IS NOT DESIRABLE PROTECTIVE ACTION MAY BE ACHIEVED THROUGH ANTI BACTERIAL CLOTHING

REQUIREMENTS OF ANTI BACTERIAL FINISH DURABILITY TO MULTIPLE LAUNDERING AND DRY CLEANING NO TOXIC EFFECT ON WEARER ACCEPTABLE MOISTURE TRANSFER PROPERTIES (BREATHABILITY) COMPATIBILITY WITH AUXILIARIES AND OTHER FINISHING CHEMICALS READY AVAILABILITY AT REASONABLE PRICE SHOULD NOT AFFECT FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF DYES

PROTECTION MECHANISM CONTROLLED RELEASE THE ANTI BACTERIAL AGENT IS RELEASED FROM FINISHED FABRIC AT A RATE SUFFICIENT TO KILL OR INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA REGENERATION MODEL SUBJECTING THE CONTAMINATED FABRIC TO AGENCY THAT WOULD DESTROY THE BACTERIA. e.g. ADDITION OF BLEACHING AGENT DURING LAUNDERING EXPOSURE TO UV LIGHT

PROTECTION MECHANISM BARRIER OR BLOCKING INSERTION OF PHYSICAL BARRIER FILM OR COATING WHICH IS IMPERVIOUS TO TRANSMISSION OF MICRO ORGANISMS THROUGH FABRIC FILM OR COATING THAT HAVE DIRECT SURFACE CONTACT ACTIVITY AGAINST BACTERIAL GROWTH

FINISHING TECHNIQUES PAD-DRY-CURE APPLICATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT ALONG WITH CROSS LINKING AGENT SUCH AS VARIOUS TRADE PRODUCTS CHITOSAN AND CITRIC ACID POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE HYDROCHLORIDE) PHMB METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TULSI LEAVES

FINISHING TECHNIQUES GRAFTING GRAFTING OF POLY-(2-METHYL-5-VINYL PYRIDINE) ONTO CELLULOSE IMMERSION IN AQUEOUS KI SOLUTION MATERIAL SLOWLY RELEASES IODINE TO IMPART ANTI BACTERIAL AND ANTI FUNGAL ACTIVITY USED AS SURGICAL DRESSING

FINISHING TECHNIQUES BARRIER COATING COATING OF DOW CORNING 5700 (3-TRI METHOXY SILYL PROPYL DIMETHYL OCTADECYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE) ORGANO SILICONE POLYMER THE FINISH IS EFFECTIVE IN INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF ODOUR CAUSING BACTERIA STABLE TO 40 WASHES

SOIL AND STAIN RELEASE FINISHES IMPORTANT FOR LEISURE WEAR AND SPORTS WEAR WHERE SOILING IS MORE IMPORTANT FOR EASY CARE FINISHED GARMENTS MAJORITY OF SOIL RELEASE FINISHES ARE BASED ON MAKING FIBRE SURFACE HYDROPHILIC

SOIL AND STAIN RELEASE FINISHES THREE MAJOR GROUP OF FINISHES CONTAINING -COOH GROUPS OXYETHYLENE O/OR HYDROXYL GROUPS FINISHES CONTAINING –COOH, OXYETHYLENE, -OH GROUPS MAY BE INCORPORATED IN THE EASY CARE FINISH BATH IMPROVE SOIL AND OIL STAIN RELEASE DRAMATICALLY FLURO CHEMICALS PROVIDE GOOD SOIL, STAIN RELEASE AND WATER REPELLENCY

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES TRADITIONAL FINISH APPLICATION PADDING LOW WET PICK UP TECHNIQUES LIKE LICK ROLL POROUS BOWL VACUUM EXTRACTION FOAM APPLICTION ALTERNATE METHODS LAMINATION COATING

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES NEXTEC PROCESS · PATENTED BY NEXTEC APPLICATIONS Inc., USA · NOVEL PROCESS · INDIVIDUAL FIBRES WITHIN FABRIC ARE ENCAPSULATED OR WRAPPED WITH ULTRA THIN FILM OF POLYMER · CAN BE USED TO IMPART BREATHABLE WATER RESISTANT FINISH TO FABRIC WITHOUT AFFECTING THE FABRIC HANDLE · ALSO POSSIBLE TO IMPART · WRINKLE RESISTANCE, · SOIL RELEASE, STAIN RESISTANCE, · UV PROTECTION · FLAME RESISTANCE · MICROBIAL BARRIER

NEXTEC PROCESS THIS UNIQUE FIBRE ENCAPSULATION PROCESS ACHIEVED USING S ILICONE BASED POLYMERS POLYURETHANE POLYACRYLIC POLYMERS THE PROCESS WOULD OPEN UP MANY OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROVIDING MULTI FUNCTIONAL FINISHES TO COTTON FABRICS AND GARMENTS

PLASMA TREATMENT TREATMENT WITH IONIZED GASES PRODUCED BY ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE · HIGHLY SURFACE SPECIFIC · DOES NOT AFFECT BULK PROPERTIED THE SURFACE PROPERTIES ENHANCED INCLUDE · WETTABILITY · ADHESION · CROSS LINKING · BIO COMPATIBILITY · CHEMICAL AFFINITY OR INERTNESS

MERITS · LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION · DRY TREATMENT · ENVIRONMENT FRIEDNDLY · OFFER SCOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT IN FUNCTIONAL FINISHES FOR COTTON

USE OF BIO TECHNOLOGY BY THE NEXT DECADE GENETIC MANIPULATION OF COTTON GENE MAY USHER NEW COTTON VARIETIES WITH IPROVED PROPERTIES TO PRODUCE INNOVATIVE EFFECTS THROUGH FINSHING

UV PROTECTION · INCREASED HEALTH PROBLEMS ON EXPOSURE OF SKIN TO UV RADIATIONS DUE DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER · UV PROTECTION CAN BE IMPARTED BYTREATMENT OF FABRICS OR GARMENTS WITH SELECTED UV ABSORBERS

CONCLUSIONS · DESIRABLE PROPERTIES CAN BE IMPARTED TO COTTON BY APPLICATION OF FUNCTIONAL FINISHES · IMPROVE QUALITY OF COTTON · GIVE VALUE ADDITION · MANY INNOVATIVE IDEAS ARE BEING EXPLORED IN THE FIELD OF FUNCTIONAL FINISHES · IN THE NEXT DECADE QUITE A FEW NEW CONCEPTS MAY BE INTRODUCE FOR IMPARTING DESIRABLE PROPERTIES TO COTTON FABRIC AND GARMENTS.

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