Download to read offline
DIASTER RISK & REDUCTION MANAGEMENT.pptx
- 1. DIASTER RISK REDUCTION &MANAGEMENT UNIT III
- 2. The DisasterManagement Act (2005) is a legislation enacted by the Parliament of India to provide a legal framework for disaster management in the country. The act aims to enhance preparedness, response, and recovery capabilities during disasters and promote a proactive approach to disaster risk reduction. It also establishes institutional mechanisms and coordination mechanisms at various levels to address disaster-related challenges effectively. Disaster Management Act (2005) and Policy -
- 3. 1.Definition ofDisaster: 2.National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): 3. State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA): 4. District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA): 5. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) 6. Disaster Management Plans 7. National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) and State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF): 8. Mitigation Measures: 9. Disaster Management Policy 10. Capacity Building and Training: 11.Research and Development: key features of the Disaster Management Act (2005):
- 4. 1. Definitionof Disaster: The act defines "disaster" as a catastrophic event that causes widespread destruction, disruption, or damage, resulting in a significant impact on the normal functioning of society. 2. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): The act establishes the NDMA as the apex body responsible for formulating policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management at the national level. The Prime Minister of India chairs the NDMA. 3. State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA): The act provides for the establishment of SDMAs in every state and union territory to formulate state-level policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management. CONTD..
- 5. 4. DistrictDisaster Management Authority (DDMA): The act mandates the establishment of DDMA in every district to coordinate disaster management activities at the district level. 5. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF): The act provides for the constitution of the NDRF, a specialized force dedicated to disaster response, search and rescue operations, and relief operations. 6. Disaster Management Plans: The act requires the NDMA and SDMAs to develop disaster management plans, which include preparedness, response, and recovery measures. CONTD..
- 6. 7. NationalDisaster Response Fund (NDRF) and State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF): The act mandates the creation of the NDRF and SDRF as dedicated funds to finance disaster response and relief activities. The central government contributes to the NDRF, and state governments contribute to the SDRF. 8. Mitigation Measures: The act emphasizes the importance of disaster risk reduction and mandates the integration of mitigation measures into development plans and projects. 9. Disaster Management Policy: The act provides a legislative framework for the formulation of the National Disaster Management Policy and guidelines for disaster management activities in the country. CONTD..
- 7. 10. CapacityBuilding and Training: The act emphasizes the need for capacity building, training, and public awareness programs to enhance the preparedness and response capabilities of communities, government agencies, and other stakeholders. 11. Research and Development: The act encourages research and development activities in the field of disaster management to improve the understanding of hazards, vulnerabilities, and effective response strategies. CONTD..
- 8. Disaster ManagementAct: A disaster management act is a legislative framework that provides legal provisions and guidelines for disaster management activities in a country. Definition and Scope: Defining what constitutes a disaster and the scope of the act, including the types of disasters it covers. Institutional Framework: Establishing the organizational structure for disaster management at the national, regional, and local levels. This may include the creation of a national disaster management authority and setting up state or provincial disaster management bodies. Roles and Responsibilities: Clearly defining the roles and responsibilities of various government agencies, organizations, and stakeholders involved in disaster management, including their coordination and collaboration mechanisms. DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT
- 9. Disaster Declaration:Outlining the process and criteria for declaring a disaster, which triggers the activation of the disaster response and recovery mechanisms. Preparedness and Mitigation: Emphasizing the importance of disaster risk reduction, preparedness, and mitigation measures. This may include requirements for disaster preparedness plans and drills. Response and Relief: Detailing the procedures for disaster response and relief operations, including the mobilization of resources, search and rescue, and the distribution of relief supplies. CONTD..
- 10. Recovery andReconstruction: Addressing post- disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts, including rehabilitation of affected communities and infrastructure. Financing and Funding: Outlining the financial arrangements for disaster management, including the establishment of disaster relief funds and mechanisms for resource mobilization. Community Participation: Recognizing the importance of involving local communities in disaster management planning and decision-making. CONTD..
- 11. Disaster managementplans are detailed documents that provide a systematic approach for responding to various types of disasters. These plans may be developed at the national, state/provincial, and local levels Disaster Management Plans:
- 12. Risk Assessment:Identifying potential hazards, vulnerabilities, and risks in the area covered by the plan. Coordination Mechanisms: Establishing clear lines of communication and coordination among various agencies, organizations, and stakeholders involved in disaster response and recovery. Early Warning Systems: Outlining procedures for early warning dissemination to alert at-risk communities. Some common components of disaster management plans include:
- 13. Evacuation andSheltering: Detailing evacuation routes and procedures and identifying suitable shelter locations for displaced individuals. Search and Rescue Operations: Describing protocols for search and rescue activities during and after a disaster. Medical and Health Services: Outlining medical response plans, including the provision of emergency medical care and psychosocial support. CONTD..
- 14. Logistics andResource Management: Addressing resource mobilization, distribution, and management during disaster operations. Public Information and Awareness: Detailing plans for disseminating accurate and timely information to the public and raising awareness about disaster risks and preparedness. Recovery and Rehabilitation: Outlining strategies for post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation efforts. CONTD..
- 15. Training andCapacity Building: Identifying training needs and plans to enhance the skills and knowledge of responders and stakeholders involved in disaster management. Review and Update Mechanisms: Establishing processes for periodic review, evaluation, and updating of the plan to ensure its relevance and effectiveness. CONTD..
- 16. Disaster managementprograms, also known as disaster management initiatives or projects, are organized efforts aimed at reducing the impact of disasters and enhancing the resilience of communities and infrastructure. These programs typically involve a series of planned activities and strategies that address various stages of the disaster management cycle, including preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. Disaster management programmers
- 17. Community PreparednessPrograms: These programs focus on educating and training community members to be better prepared for disasters. They may include workshops, drills, and awareness campaigns to inform people about potential hazards, evacuation routes, and safety measures. some common types of disaster management programs:
- 18. Early WarningSystems Development: Initiatives aimed at establishing or enhancing early warning systems to provide timely alerts and notifications about impending disasters. These programs involve the installation of monitoring devices, communication infrastructure, and public awareness campaigns on how to respond to warnings. Search and Rescue Programs: Programs that focus on training and equipping search and rescue teams to respond effectively during disasters, especially in situations involving trapped or injured individuals. CONTD..
- 19. Disaster Reliefand Humanitarian Aid Programs: These programs provide immediate assistance, including food, water, medical supplies, and temporary shelter, to affected communities in the aftermath of disasters. Infrastructure Resilience Projects: Initiatives aimed at strengthening critical infrastructure, such as buildings, bridges, roads, and utility systems, to be more resilient to disasters. CONTD..
- 20. Disaster RiskReduction (DRR) Programs: Programs that focus on implementing measures to reduce the risk of disasters. This includes activities such as land-use planning, environmental conservation, and building codes enforcement. Livelihood Restoration and Economic Recovery Projects: Initiatives aimed at helping individuals and communities restore their livelihoods and recover economically after a disaster. This may involve vocational training, financial assistance, and support for income-generating activities CONTD..
- 21. Capacity Buildingand Training Programs: These programs provide training to emergency responders, government agencies, and other stakeholders involved in disaster management to enhance their skills and knowledge in disaster response and risk reduction. Climate Change Adaptation Projects: Initiatives that address the challenges posed by climate change and its impact on increasing the frequency and intensity of disasters. These programs focus on strategies to adapt to changing climatic conditions CONTD..
- 22. Public Awarenessand Education Campaigns: Programs that aim to raise public awareness about disaster risks, preparedness, and safety measures. These campaigns may use various media platforms to reach a broader audience. International Cooperation and Humanitarian Assistance: Programs that foster collaboration and coordination among countries and international organizations to provide support and assistance during disasters that require cross-border assistance. CONTD..
- 23. Disaster managementlegislation refers to the laws and regulations enacted by governments to provide a legal framework for disaster management activities within their respective jurisdictions. Disaster management legislation
- 24. Definition ofDisaster: Clearly defining what constitutes a disaster under the law to determine its scope and coverage. Institutional Framework: Establishing the organizational structure for disaster management, which may include the creation of national, regional, and local disaster management authorities or agencies. Roles and Responsibilities: Defining the roles and responsibilities of various government agencies, organizations, and stakeholders involved in disaster management, including their coordination and collaboration mechanisms some common components often found in such laws include:
- 25. Declaration ofDisaster: Outlining the process and criteria for declaring a disaster, which triggers the activation of disaster response and recovery mechanisms. Preparedness and Mitigation: Emphasizing the importance of disaster risk reduction, preparedness, and mitigation measures. This may include requirements for disaster preparedness plans and drills. Response and Relief: Detailing the procedures for disaster response and relief operations, including the mobilization of resources, search and rescue, and the distribution of relief supplies. CONTD..
- 26. Recovery andReconstruction: Addressing post- disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts, including rehabilitation of affected communities and infrastructure. Financial Arrangements: Outlining the financial mechanisms for disaster management, including the establishment of disaster relief funds and procedures for resource mobilization. Community Participation: Recognizing the importance of involving local communities in disaster management planning and decision-making. CONTD..
- 27. Legal Immunitiesand Protections: Providing legal immunities or protections for responders and volunteers engaged in disaster management activities in good faith. Coordination with International Efforts: Addressing collaboration and coordination with international organizations and neighbouring countries during transboundary disasters. Review and Amendment Procedures: Establishing processes for periodic review, evaluation, and updating of the legislation to ensure its relevance and effectiveness. CONTD..
- 28. In India,disaster management is governed by a multi-tier institutional framework involving several key entities at the state and central levels. Each of these entities plays a specific role in disaster management to ensure effective coordination and response during emergencies. Institutional processes and framework at state and central level - (NDMA-SDMA- NRDF-Civic volunteers)
- 29. 1. NationalDisaster Management Authority (NDMA): The NDMA is the apex body for disaster management in India and operates at the central level. It is headed by the Prime Minister of India and comprises experts and representatives from various ministries, departments, and organizations. The NDMA is responsible for formulating national policies, plans, and guidelines related to disaster management. It coordinates and monitors the implementation of disaster management efforts across the country. The NDMA also advises the Central Government on matters related to disaster risk reduction, preparedness, and response. Here's an overview of the key institutions and their roles:
- 30. 2. StateDisaster Management Authority (SDMA): Each state and union territory in India has its own SDMA, which operates at the state level. The Chief Minister of the respective state or union territory heads the SDMA, and it consists of representatives from various state departments and agencies. The SDMA is responsible for formulating state-level policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management. It coordinates and oversees disaster management activities within the state or union territory. The SDMA works closely with the NDMA and other relevant bodies to implement disaster management initiatives effectively. CONTD..
- 31. 3. NationalDisaster Response Force (NDRF): The NDRF is a specialized force dedicated to disaster response and operates under the NDMA at the central level. It is responsible for carrying out specialized search and rescue operations, providing medical assistance, and conducting other disaster response tasks. The NDRF teams are deployed to disaster-affected areas to provide immediate assistance during emergencies. CONTD..
- 32. 4. NationalDisaster Response Fund (NDRF) and State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF): The NDRF and SDRF are dedicated funds set up to finance disaster response and relief activities at the central and state levels, respectively. The NDRF is funded by the Central Government, and the SDRF is funded by the respective state governments. These funds are used to provide financial assistance for immediate relief and recovery efforts during disasters. CONTD..
- 33. 5. CivicVolunteers: Civic volunteers are community members who voluntarily participate in disaster management activities at the local level. They are trained and organized by local authorities to assist in disaster response, awareness campaigns, evacuation efforts, and other community-based disaster management tasks. Civic volunteers play a crucial role in engaging with the community and enhancing local preparedness and resilience. CONTD..