Digestion

Digestion

• 1.
  Nutrition in Human beingsor the Human Digestive System Lecture by: Surbhi Sharma
• 2.
  Major nutrients inthe diet – Water – Carbohydrates – Proteins – Fats – Vitamins – Minerals Components of these nutrients Sugar + Sugar = Carbohydrates Amino acid+ Amino acids = Proteins Fatty acids + glycerol = Fats Vitamins and minerals do not need to be processed into their simpler forms in order to be utilised by the body.
• 3.
  The digestive System/ Alimentary Canal – Digestion: It is the sequence by which food is broken down and chemically converted so that it can be absorbed by the cells of an organism and used to maintain vital bodily functions. – Digestive system : A long tube extending from the mouth to the anus – Digestion takes place step by step at various sites in the digestive tract and the nutrients absorbed are taken to the blood stream and then received by cells
• 4.
  Enzymes : Theseare proteins which help in chemical reactions to occur to give out specific products of that biochemical reaction. They bring about a change in the food substances without themselves undergoing any change. Mouth : Saliva salivary amylase (50% of the digestion should occur in the mouth only) Food pipe: peristaltic movements Stomach: expands, has gastric glands which release Hydrochloric acid, enzyme pepsine and mucus. Small intestine is the longest part of the tract, extensively coiled. site of the complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Secrets intestinal juice. Liver: Bile and bile salts for fat digestion Pancreas: Trypsin (for proteins) and lipase (for emulsified fats) Tongue Mouth (Buccal cavity) Oesophagus (Food pipe) Liver Gall bladder Stomach Pancreas Small intestine Large intestine Appendix Anus Rectum
• 5.
  The digested foodis taken up by the walls of the intestine. The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi which increase the surface area for absorption. The unabsorbed food is sent into the large intestine where more villi absorb water from this material. The rest of the material is removed from the body via the anus. So following is the path of the food in the digestive tract: Mouth- Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus
• 6.
  Thank you!