Digestion in human
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The document explains the role of the tongue in digestion, detailing how it helps in swallowing food as a bolus into the esophagus. It describes the digestive tract components, including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, along with the functions of the liver and pancreas in digestion. Additionally, it differentiates between glottis and epiglottis and outlines the processes of peristalsis and egestion.
Digestion in human
- 2. ROLE OF TONGUE IN DIGESTION Your tongue helps out, pushing the food around while you chew with your teeth. When you're ready to swallow, the tongue pushes a tiny bit of mushed-up food called a bolus (say: BO-luss) toward the back of your throat and into the opening of your esophagus, the second part of the digestive tract.
- 4. SALIVARY GLANDS AND SALIVA Salivary Glands and Saliva. Saliva is produced in and secreted from salivary glands. The basic secretory units of salivary glands are clusters of cells called an acini. These cells secrete a fluid that contains water, electrolytes, mucus and enzymes, all of which flow out of the acinus into collecting ducts
- 8. GLOTTIS VS EPIGLOTTIS Glottis is the opening into the windpipe, which is responsible for the production of sound. On the other hand, epiglottis is the cartilaginous flap on top of the glottis, which prevents the entering of food into the larynx. The main difference between glottis and epiglottis is the structure and the function
- 9. OESOPHAGUS The oesophagus is a muscular tube. It connects your mouth to your stomach. When you swallow food, the walls of the oesophagus squeeze together (contract). This moves the food down the oesophagus to the stomach. The upper part of the oesophagus is behind the windpipe (trachea)
- 11. PERISTALSIS Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract. The process of peristalsis begins in the esophagus when a bolus of food is swallowed
- 13. ANTIPERISTALSIS
- 15. STOMACH The stomach is a muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen. The stomach receives food from the esophagus. As food reaches the end of the esophagus, it enters the stomach through a muscular valve called the lower esophageal sphincter. The stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food
- 17. SMALL INTESTINE The small intestine or small bowel is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract where most of the end absorption of nutrients and minerals from food takes place. It lies between the stomach and large intestine, and receives bile and pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct to aid in digestion
- 19. DUODENUM The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. It is located between the stomach and the middle part of the small intestine, or jejunum. After foods mix with stomach acid, they move into the duodenum, where they mix with bile from the gallbladder and digestive juices from the pancreas
- 21. LARGE INTESTINE The large intestine, also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in vertebrates. Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste material is stored as feces before being removed by defecation
- 23. LIVER AND PANCREAS The liver is the largest gland or chemical factory in the body. It is like a sponge shaped like a wedge. It has many metabolic and secretory functions. It produces a digestive fluid called bile, which is important in faciliating fat digestion and absorption. LIVER PANCREAS The pancreas is a gland which releases digestive enzymes and hormones. It has functions both in the digestive system and the endocrine system.
- 24. PANCREASLIVER
- 25. ANUS AND EGESTION Excretion is the removal of toxic materials, waste products of metabolism and excess substances from organisms. Egestion is the passing out of undigested food as faeces, through the anus. Three major organs of excretion are the skin, kidneys and lungs
- 27. THANKS